Analytical Closed-Form Expressions for Harmonic Distortion Corresponding to Novel Switching Sequences for Neutral-Point-Clamped Inverters

Analytical closed-form expressions for harmonic distortion factors corresponding to various pulsewidth modulation (PWM) techniques for a two-level inverter have been reported in the literature. This paper derives such analytical closed-form expressions, pertaining to centered space-vector PWM (CSVPWM) and eight different advanced bus-clamping PWM (ABCPWM) schemes, for a three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) inverter. These ABCPWM schemes switch each phase at twice the nominal switching frequency in certain intervals of the line cycle while clamping each phase to one of the dc terminals over certain other intervals. The harmonic spectra of the output voltages, corresponding to the eight ABCPWM schemes, are studied and compared experimentally with that of CSVPWM over the entire modulation range. The measured values of weighted total harmonic distortion (WTHD) of the line voltage V-WTHD are used to validate the analytical closed-form expressions derived. The analytical expressions, pertaining to two of the ABCPWM methods, are also validated by measuring the total harmonic distortion (THD) in the line current I-THD on a 2.2-kW constant volts-per-hertz induction motor drive.

Detection of a quantum particle on a lattice under repeated projective measurements

We consider a quantum particle, moving on a lattice with a tight-binding Hamiltonian, which is subjected to measurements to detect its arrival at a particular chosen set of sites. The projective measurements are made at regular time intervals tau, and we consider the evolution of the wave function until the time a detection occurs. We study the probabilities of its first detection at some time and, conversely, the probability of it not being detected (i.e., surviving) up to that time. We propose a general perturbative approach for understanding the dynamics which maps the evolution operator, which consists of unitary transformations followed by projections, to one described by a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. For some examples of a particle moving on one-and two-dimensional lattices with one or more detection sites, we use this approach to find exact expressions for the survival probability and find excellent agreement with direct numerical results. A mean-field model with hopping between all pairs of sites and detection at one site is solved exactly. For the one-and two-dimensional systems, the survival probability is shown to have a power-law decay with time, where the power depends on the initial position of the particle. Finally, we show an interesting and nontrivial connection between the dynamics of the particle in our model and the evolution of a particle under a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian with a large absorbing potential at some sites.

Diagnóstico de las empresas familiares con estudiantes de Lic. En Agronegocios, modalidad regular, Facultad de Desarrollo Rural, Universidad Nacional Agraria, año 2014

La empresa familiar forma parte fundamental de las estructuras productivas, tanto de las economías industrializadas como en vías de desarrollo; a pesar de carecer de datos rigorosos que permitan corroborarlo, la empresa familiar tiene un papel preponderante en la generación de riqueza nacional; el objetivo fundamental del estudio fue conocer el grado de conocimiento y el rol que ejercen los estudiantes en una empresa familiar y el número de empresas familiares existentes en la carrera de Lic. Agronegocios, Facultad de Desarrollo Rural, Universidad Nacional Agraria- Managua, esto se realizó a través de la implementación de encuesta a los estudiantes que formaron parte de la muestra logrando realizar posteriormente un análisis de datos que facilitó la redacción del documento presentado a continuación; la ejecución de esta temática se dio debido la poca importancia que se le ha dado al tema de las empresas familiares dentro de la economía de Nicaragua a pesar de que estas aportan el 50% del PIB, la falta de información y estudios relacionados que nos ayuden a conocer la realidad de estas empresas tanto en el ámbito organizativo como en el económico; de las negocios encontrados entre la muestra el 33% forma parte de las MIPYMES divididos el 21% en la micro empresas, el 8% en la pequeña empresa y el 3% en la mediana empresa, el 67% restante de la muestra total son negocios de emprendimiento categorizados así por facturar menos de 37360.83 dólares; por otro parte el 18% de los estudiantes matriculados en la Lic. Agronegocios forman parte de una empresa familiar de este porcentaje el 10% tiene conocimiento amplio sobre la temática, un 14 % posee únicamente ciertos conocimientos derivados de algunos temas relacionados mientras que el 76% no tienen ningún tipo de conocimiento acerca de la temática.

O legislativo vai à escola : as instituições políticas e o poder legislativo no âmbito da educação regular

Discute a participação política de jovens e a sua relação com a educação formal. Argumentando a favor de mais conhecimento e envolvimento dos jovens na política institucionalizada, busca analisar as oportunidades abertas pelas normativas da educação e pelas inovações produzidas nos legislativos do país para a inclusão, no contexto da educação escolar, da temática das instituições políticas e do Poder Legislativo.

Las ideas lingüísticas de Juan Mateo Zabala: El verbo regular vascongado del dialecto vizcaíno (1848)

Presentado en las II. Jornadas de Lingüística Vasco-Románica / Euskal-Erromantze Linguistika II. Jardunaldietan aurkeztua (Bilbo, 2007)

Orbe serafico novo brasilico, descoberto, estabelecido, e cultivado a influxos da nova luz de Italia, estrella brilhante de Hespanha, luzido sol de Padua, astro mayor do ceo de Francisco, o thaumaturgo portuguez Sto. Antonio a quem vay consagrado, como theatro glorioso : e, parte primeira da chronica dos frades menores da mais estreita, e regular observancia da provincia do Brasil por Fr. Antonio de Santa Maria Jaboatam

Parte primeira da chronica dos frades menores da mais estreita e regular observancia da provincia do Brasil

Alvará com força de Lei, pelo qual Vossa Alteza Real ha por bem regular a arqueação dos navios, empregados na conducção dos negros, que dos portos de Africa se exportão para os do Brasil; dando Vossa Alteza Real, por effeito dos seus incomparaveis sentimentos de humanidade, e benificencia as mais saudaveis, e benignas providencias em beneficio daquelles individuos : para Vossa Alteza Real ver / Francisco Xavier de Noronha Torrezão o fez

Referência: Bibliografia da Impressão Regia do Rio de Janeiro / Ana Maria de Almeida Camargo, Rubens Borba de Moraes, 1993. v. 2, p. 79.

Las estrategias competitivas de los operadores de transporte marítimo de contenedores en línea regular

459 p.

Chains of Non-regular de Branges Spaces

We consider canonical systems with singular left endpoints, and discuss the concept of a scalar spectral measure and the corresponding generalized Fourier transform associated with a canonical system with a singular left endpoint. We use the framework of de Branges’ theory of Hilbert spaces of entire functions to study the correspondence between chains of non-regular de Branges spaces, canonical systems with singular left endpoints, and spectral measures.

We find sufficient integrability conditions on a Hamiltonian H which ensure the existence of a chain of de Branges functions in the first generalized Pólya class with Hamiltonian H. This result generalizes de Branges’ Theorem 41, which showed the sufficiency of stronger integrability conditions on H for the existence of a chain in the Pólya class. We show the conditions that de Branges came up with are also necessary. In the case of Krein’s strings, namely when the Hamiltonian is diagonal, we show our proposed conditions are also necessary.

We also investigate the asymptotic conditions on chains of de Branges functions as t approaches its left endpoint. We show there is a one-to-one correspondence between chains of de Branges functions satisfying certain asymptotic conditions and chains in the Pólya class. In the case of Krein’s strings, we also establish the one-to-one correspondence between chains satisfying certain asymptotic conditions and chains in the generalized Pólya class.