Long-term outcome after intensive therapy with etoposide, melphalan, total body irradiation and autotransplant for acute myeloid leukemia

Intensive therapy and autologous blood and marrow transplantation (ABMT) is an established post-remission treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML), although its exact role remains controversial and few data are available regarding longer-term outcomes. We examined the long-term outcome of patients with AML transplanted at a single center using uniform intensive therapy consisting of etoposide, melphalan and TBI. In all, 145 patients with AML underwent ABMT: 117 in first remission, 21 in second remission and seven beyond second remission. EFS and OS were significantly predicted by remission status (P

A cost-effectiveness analysis of heroin detoxification methods in the Australian National Evaluation of Pharmacotherapies for Opioid Dependence (NEPOD)

This economic evaluation was part of the Australian National Evaluation of Pharmacotherapies for Opioid Dependence (NEPOD) project. Data from four trials of heroin detoxification methods, involving 365 participants, were pooled to enable a comprehensive comparison of the cost-effectiveness of five inpatient and outpatient detoxification methods. This study took the perspective of the treatment provider in assessing resource use and costs. Two short-term outcome measures were used-achievement of an initial 7-day period of abstinence, and entry into ongoing post-detoxification treatment. The mean costs of the various detoxification methods ranged widely, from AUD $491 (buprenorphine-based outpatient); to AUD $605 for conventional outpatient; AUD $1404 for conventional inpatient; AUD $1990 for rapid detoxification under sedation; and to AUD $2689 for anaesthesia per episode. An incremental cost-effectiveness analysis was carried out using conventional outpatient detoxification as the base comparator. The buprenorphine-based outpatient detoxification method was found to be the most cost-effective method overall, and rapid opioid detoxification under sedation was the most costeffective inpatient method.

AVALIAÇÃO DAS ALTERAÇÕES NA SOBREMORDIDA E NAS ALTURAS FACIAIS ANTERIOR E POSTERIOR, DECORRENTES DO TRATAMENTO ORTODÔNTICO COM EXTRAÇÃO DE PRÉ-MOLARES, EM PACIENTES COM DIFERENTES TIPOS FACIAIS.

O presente estudo investigou as alterações no trespasse vertical e na altura facial ântero-inferior em pacientes com má-oclusão de Classe I e diferentes tipos faciais com apinhamento submetidos a extração de quatro pré-molares, no pré e pós-tratamento ortodôntico. Foram selecionadas telerradiografias em norma lateral de 36 indivíduos na faixa etária de 12 anos e 2 meses a 16 anos e 5 meses, que realizaram o tratamento ortodôntico com o emprego de aparelho pré-ajustado Straight Wire..Para a análise as medidas utilizadas foram AFA, AFAI, AFP, FMA, SN.GoGn, além de medidas lineares descritas por Hans et al. As alterações nas alturas faciais anterior, antero-inferior e posterior foram similares nos três grupos estudados, apresentando aumento ao final do tratamento ortodôntico, porém sem significância estatística nas alturas faciais anteriores no grupo dos braquifaciais. Em FMA, foram estatisticamente significantes apenas para os braquifaciais e de SN.GoGn para braqui e dolicofaciais. Quanto às medidas lineares de Hans verificou-se que o grupo dos braquifaciais apresentou aumento estatisticamente significante em TLI e MNSK, no grupo dos mesofaciais, o mesmo ocorreu em BUI e MNSK e nos dolicofaciais todas as medidas exceto TUI apresentaram aumento significativo. Em todos os grupos foi observada uma diminuição da sobremordida.(AU)

Precipitation of chromium containing phases in aluminide coated nickel-base superalloy single crystals

The precipitation of chromium-containing phases, in both the B2 type β-phase coating matrix (nominally NiAl) and the substrate of high-activity-pack-aluminized single crystals of a nickel-base superalloy, is considered in this paper. An ‘edge-on’ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) technique is employed to examine the precipitation of M23X6, σ, α-Cr and other phases after coating and diffusion treatment and subsequent post-coating treatment at 850 and 950 °C. Initial precipitation is dominated by the formation of M23X6 in both the coating and substrate, however, in the case of single-crystal substrates the formation of this carbon-rich phase is not sustained. M23X6 precipitation is superceded by the formation of coherent precipitates of the α-Cr phase which effectively retains the basis but removes the superlattice of the β-matrix. Extensive precipitation of α-Cr has the effect of changing the balance of chromium to molybdenum in solution in the β-phase and further precipitation is dominated by Σ-phase intermetallics and other Cr-Mo-containing phases.

The effects of entrance pupil centration and coma aberrations on myopic progression following orthokeratology

Background: The aim was to assess the potential association between entrance pupil location relative to the coaxially sighted corneal light reflex (CSCLR) and the progression of myopia in children fitted with orthokeratology (OK) contact lenses. Additionally, whether coma aberration induced by decentration of the entrance pupil centre relative to the CSCLR, as well as following OK treatment, is correlated with the progression of myopia, was also investigated. Methods: Twenty-nine subjects aged six to 12years and with myopia of -0.75 to -4.00 DS and astigmatism up to 1.00DC were fitted with OK contact lenses. Measurements of axial length and corneal topography were taken at six-month intervals over a two-year period. Additionally, baseline and three-month topographic outputs were taken as representative of the pre- and post-orthokeratology treatment status. Pupil centration relative to the CSCLR and magnitude of associated corneal coma were derived from corneal topographic data at baseline and after three months of lens wear. Results: The centre of the entrance pupil was located superio-temporally to the CSCLR both pre- (0.09±0.14 and -0.10±0.15mm, respectively) and post-orthokeratology (0.12±0.18 and -0.09±0.15mm, respectively) (p>0.05). Entrance pupil location pre- and post-orthokeratology lens wear was not significantly associated with the two-year change in axial length (p>0.05). Significantly greater coma was found at the entrance pupil centre compared with CSCLR both pre- and post-orthokeratology lens wear (both p<0.05). A significant increase in vertical coma was found with OK lens wear compared to baseline (p<0.001) but total root mean square (RMS) coma was not associated with the change in axial length (all p>0.05). Conclusion: Entrance pupil location relative to the CSCLR was not significantly affected by either OK lens wear or an increase in axial length. Greater magnitude coma aberrations found at the entrance pupil centre in comparison to the CSCLR might be attributed to centration of orthokeratological treatments at the CSCLR.

Oxidised LDL lipids, statins and a blood-brain barrier

Elevated cholesterol in mid-life has been associated with increased risk of dementia in later life. We have previously shown that low density lipoprotein (LDL) is more oxidised in the plasma of dementia patients although total cholesterol levels remained unchanged. Increased systemic oxidative modification (oxLDL) and nitration is also observed during hypercholesterolemia. We have investigated the hypothesis that disruption of blood brain barrier (BBB) function by oxLDL and their lipids may increase risk of neurodegeneration in later life and that statin intervention can mitigate the effects of hyperlipidaemia in mid-life. LDL isolated from statin-naïve hypercholesterolaemic subjects had higher mobility by agarose gel electrophoresis (Rf;0.53±0.06) and 8-isoprostane F2α concentration (43.5±8.42pg/ml) compared to control subjects (Rf; 0.46±0.05 and 24.2±5.37pg/ml respectively; p<0.05). Compared to HMVEC treatment with the LDL-lipids (5μM) from normolipidaemic subjects, LDL-lipids from hypercholesterolaemic subjects increased barrier permeability (103.4±12.5 Ωcm2 v 66.7±7.3 Ωcm2,P<0.01) and decreased cellular glutathione levels (18.5nmol/mg v 12.3nmol/mg) compared to untreated cells (26.2±3.6nmol/mg). LDL-lipids isolated from normolipidaemic subjects shows reduced risk to damage a BBB model compared with LDL-lipids from hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Moreover, a three month statin-intervention reduced the propensity for LDL-lipids from subjects with hyperlipidaemia to damage HMVEC. Post-statin treatment the cytotoxic and pro-inflammatory effects of LDL lipids disappeared. These data support the hypothesis that in vivo intervention with statins modifies LDL lipid oxidation, exerting a protective effect against in microvascular damage independent of cholesterol concentration.

Elementary classroom teachers' knowledge of tort liability for negligence

The purpose of this research study was to investigate the legal knowledge of Florida's public elementary classroom teachers in the area of tort liability for negligence. A second purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge of school law in the area of negligence according to specific variables to determine if significant differences in knowledge existed among groups of teachers classified by: years of teaching experience, whether or not teachers took a school law course or inservice, college degree held and whether or not teachers had administrative experience. A validated survey instrument consisting of 22 scenarios based on decided court cases in the United States was utilized. These cases included court decisions ranging from 1938–1994, and represented the categories of duty and standard of care, proper instruction, proper supervision, proper maintenance, field trips, and post-injury treatment. ^ A random sample of 420 elementary classroom teachers were sent the survey instrument to complete, and a total of 309 surveys were returned producing a return rate of 77%. The results of this research study revealed that the overall level of legal knowledge of public elementary classroom teachers in the State of Florida produced a mean percent correct of 53%. The range of scores varied from 18%–82%, with the approximate average of correct answers of 12 out of 22. The category of proper instruction produced the lowest mean percent correct of 35%, and the area of post-injury treatment yielded the highest mean percent correct of 78%. ^ The findings of this study emphasize the necessity of preparing teachers regarding their legal rights, duties and responsibilities. The need for teachers to receive training at the preservice and inservice levels has become clear by this study. ^

Catalisadores bifuncionais à base de silicoaluminofosfato e fosfatos de nióbio para emprego em reações de hidroisomerização e hidrocraqueamento do n-hexadecano

Lubricants and cutting middle distillates typically have large amounts of n-paraffins to increase its freezing point and fluidity. Accordingly, the removal of n-paraffins of long chain lubricants oils and diesel is essential to get a product with good cold flow properties. The development of new catalysts, which exhibit thermal stability and catalytic activity for the hydroisomerization reaction is still a challenge. Thus, silicoaluminophosphates (SAPO) were synthesized by different routes. Have been used also post-synthesis treatment for obtaining hybrid structures and others synthesis have been carried out with mesoporous template (soft and hard-template). Therefore, SAPO have been impregnated with H2PtCl6 solution by the incipient wetness method. Then assessments of catalytic activities in hydroisomerization and hydrocracking reactions of hexadecane have been held. Besides SAPO, niobium phosphate - NbP - were also impregnated with platinum and evaluated in the same reaction. After impregnation, these catalysts have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption, infrared spectroscopy with adsorbed pyridine (IV-PY), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and resonance nuclear magnetic 29Si (29Si-NMR). The characterization results by XRD have shown that it has been possible to obtain mesoporous SAPOs. However, for the syntheses with soft template there was collapse of the structure after removal of the organic template. Even so, these catalysts have been actives. It was possible to obtain hybrid materials through the synthesis of SAPO-11 made with hard templates and by means of post-synthesis treatments samples of SAPO-11. Moreover, NbP has shown characteristic XRD of amorphous materials, with high acidity and were active in the conversion of hexadecane.

Catalisadores bifuncionais à base de silicoaluminofosfato e fosfatos de nióbio para emprego em reações de hidroisomerização e hidrocraqueamento do n-hexadecano

Lubricants and cutting middle distillates typically have large amounts of n-paraffins to increase its freezing point and fluidity. Accordingly, the removal of n-paraffins of long chain lubricants oils and diesel is essential to get a product with good cold flow properties. The development of new catalysts, which exhibit thermal stability and catalytic activity for the hydroisomerization reaction is still a challenge. Thus, silicoaluminophosphates (SAPO) were synthesized by different routes. Have been used also post-synthesis treatment for obtaining hybrid structures and others synthesis have been carried out with mesoporous template (soft and hard-template). Therefore, SAPO have been impregnated with H2PtCl6 solution by the incipient wetness method. Then assessments of catalytic activities in hydroisomerization and hydrocracking reactions of hexadecane have been held. Besides SAPO, niobium phosphate - NbP - were also impregnated with platinum and evaluated in the same reaction. After impregnation, these catalysts have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen adsorption, infrared spectroscopy with adsorbed pyridine (IV-PY), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and resonance nuclear magnetic 29Si (29Si-NMR). The characterization results by XRD have shown that it has been possible to obtain mesoporous SAPOs. However, for the syntheses with soft template there was collapse of the structure after removal of the organic template. Even so, these catalysts have been actives. It was possible to obtain hybrid materials through the synthesis of SAPO-11 made with hard templates and by means of post-synthesis treatments samples of SAPO-11. Moreover, NbP has shown characteristic XRD of amorphous materials, with high acidity and were active in the conversion of hexadecane.

Selective Preparation of Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: From Fundamentals to Applications

Aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) synthesized by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method have exceptional potential for next-generation nanoelectronics. However, there are considerable challenges in the preparation of semiconducting (s-) SWNTs with controlled properties (e.g., density, selectivity, and diameter) for their application in solving real-world problems. This dissertation describes research that aims to overcome the limitations by novel synthesis strategies and post-growth treatment. The application of as-prepared SWNTs as functional devices is also demonstrated. The dissertation includes the following parts: 1) decoupling the conflict between density and selectivity of s-SWNTs in CVD growth; 2) investigating the importance of diameter control for the selective synthesis of s-SWNTs; 3) synthesizing highly conductive SWNT thin film by thiophene-assisted CVD method; 4) eliminating metallic pathways in SWNT crossbars by gate-free electrical breakdown method; 5) enhancing the density of SWNT arrays by strain-release method; 6) studying the sensing mechanism of SWNT crossbar chemical sensors.

Dasatinib (BMS-35482) potentiates the activity of gemcitabine and docetaxel in uterine leiomyosarcoma cell lines.

BACKGROUND: To explore the activity of dasatinib alone and in combination with gemcitabine and docetaxel in uterine leiomyosarcoma (uLMS) cell lines, and determine if dasatinib inhibits the SRC pathway. METHODS: SK-UT-1 and SK-UT-1B uLMS cells were treated with gemcitabine, docetaxel and dasatinib individually and in combination. SRC and paxcillin protein expression were determined pre- and post-dasatinib treatment using Meso Scale Discovery (MSD) multi-array immunogenicity assay. Dose-response curves were constructed and the coefficient of drug interaction (CDI) and combination index (CI) for drug interaction calculated. RESULTS: Activated phosphorylated levels of SRC and paxillin were decreased after treatment with dasatinib in both cell lines (p < 0.001). The addition of a minimally active concentration of dasatinib (IC25) decreased the IC50 of each cytotoxic agent by 2-4 fold. The combination of gemcitabine-docetaxel yielded a synergistic effect in SK-UT-1 (CI = 0.59) and an antagonistic effect in SK-UT-1B (CI = 1.36). Dasatinib combined with gemcitabine or docetaxel revealed a synergistic anti-tumor effect (CDI < 1) in both cell lines. The triple drug combination and sequencing revealed conflicting results with a synergistic effect in SK-UT-1B and antagonistic in SK-UT-1. CONCLUSION: Dasatinib inhibits the SRC pathway and yields a synergistic effect with the two-drug combination with either gemcitabine or docetaxel. The value of adding dasatinib to gemcitabine and docetaxel in a triple drug combination is uncertain, but may be beneficial in select uLMS cell lines. Based on our pre-clinical data and known activity of gemcitabine and docetaxel, further evaluation of dasatinib in combination with these agents for the treatment of uLMS is warranted.

Recurrent varicose veins of the legs. Analysis of a social problem

The present study was aimed at assessing the experience of a single referral center with recurrent varicose veins of the legs (RVL) over the period 1993-2008. Among a total of 846 procedures for Leg Varices (LV), 74 procedures were for RVL (8.7%). The causes of recurrence were classified as classic: insufficient crossectomy (13); incompetent perforating veins (13); reticular phlebectasia (22); small saphenous vein insufficiency (9); accessory saphenous veins (4); and particular: post-hemodynamic treatment (5); incomplete stripping (1); Sapheno-Femoral Junction (SFJ) vascularization (5); post-thermal ablation (2). For the “classic” RVL the treatment consisted essentially of completing the previous treatment, both if the problem was linked to an insufficient earlier treatment and if it was due to a later onset. The most common cause in our series was reticular phlebectasia; when the simple sclerosing injections are not sufficient, this was treated by phlebectomy according to Mueller. The “particular” cases classified as 1, 2 and 4 were also treated by completing the traditional stripping procedure (+ crossectomy if this had not been done previously), considered to be the gold standard. In the presence of a SFJ neo-vascularization, with or without cavernoma, approximately 5 cm of femoral vein were explored, the afferent vessels ligated and, if cavernoma was present, it was removed. Although inguinal neo-angiogenesis is a possible mechanism, some doubt can be raised as to its importance as a primary factor in causing recurrent varicose veins, rather than their being due to a preexisting vein left in situ because it was ignored, regarded as insignificant, or poorly evident. In conclusion, we stress that LV is a progressive disease, so the treatment is unlikely to be confined to a single procedure. It is important to plan adequate monitoring during follow-up, and to be ready to reoperate when new problems present that, if left, could lead the patient to doubt the validity and efficacy of the original treatment.

Stabilising suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3) protein levels to limit neointimal hyperplasia

Suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 (SOCS3) is a potent inhibitor of the mitogenic, migratory and pro-inflammatory pathways responsible for the development of neointimal hyperplasia (NIH), a key contributor to the failure of vascular reconstructive procedures. However, the protein levels of SOCS3, and therefore its potential to reduce NIH, is limited by its ubiquitylation and high turnover by the proteasome. I hypothesised that stabilisation of endogenous SOCS3 by inhibiting its ubiquitylation has the potential to limit vascular inflammation and NIH. Consequently, the aim of this PhD was to identify the mechanisms promoting the rapid turnover of SOCS3. Initial experiments involved the identification of residues involved in regulating the turnover of SOCS3 at the proteasome. I assessed the ubiquitylation status of a panel of FLAG tagged SOCS3 truncation mutants and identified a C-terminal 44 amino acid region required for SOCS3 ubiquitylation. This region localised to the SOCS box which is involved in binding Elongin B/C and the formation of a functional E3 ubiquitin ligase complex. However, the single lysine residue at position 173, located within this 44 amino acid region, was not required for ubiquitylation. Moreover, Emetine chase assays revealed that loss of either Lys173 or Lys6 (as documented in the literature) had no significant effect on SOCS3 stability 8 hrs post emetine treatment. As mutagenesis studies failed to identify key sites of ubiquitylation responsible for targeting SOCS3 to the proteasome, LC-MS-MS analysis of a SOCS3 co-immunoprecipitate was employed. These data were searched for the presence of a Gly-Gly doublet (+114 Da mass shift) and revealed 8 distinct sites of ubiquitylation (Lys23, Lys28, Lys40, Lys85, Lys91, Lys173, Lys195, Lys206) on SOCS3 however Lys6 ubiquitylation was not detected. As multiple Lys residues were ubiquitylated, I hypothesised that only a Lys-less SOCS3, in which all 8 Lys residues were mutated to Arg, would be resistant to ubiquitylation. Compared to WT SOCS3, Lys-less SOCS3 was indeed found to be completely resistant to ubiquitylation, and significantly more stable than WT SOCS3. These changes occurred in the absence of any detrimental effect on the ability of Lys-less SOCS3 to interact with the Elongin B/C components required to generate a functional E3 ligase complex. In addition, both WT and Lys-less SOCS3 were equally capable of inhibiting cytokine-stimulated STAT3 phosphorylation upon co-expression with a chimeric EpoR-gp130 receptor. To assess whether SOCS3 auto-ubiquitylates I generated an L189A SOCS3 mutant that could no longer bind the Elongins and therefore form the E3 ligase complex required for ubiquitylation. A denaturing IP to assess the ubiquitylation status of this mutant was performed and revealed that, despite an inability to bind the Elongins, the L189A mutant was poly-ubiquitylated similar to WT SOCS3. Together these data suggested that SOCS3 does not auto-ubiquitylate and that a separate E3 ligase must regulate SOCS3 ubiquitylation. This study sought to identify the E3 ligase and deubiquitylating (DUB) enzymes controlling the ubiquitylation of SOCS3. Our initial strategy was to develop a tool to screen an E3 ligase/DUB library, using an siARRAY, to sequentially knockdown all known E3 ligases in the presence of a SOCS3-luciferase fusion protein or endogenous SOCS3 in a high content imaging screening platform. However, due to a poor assay window (<2) and non-specific immunoreactivity of SOCS3 antibodies available, these methods were deemed unsuitable for screening purposes. In the absence of a suitable tool to screen the si-ARRAY, LC-MS-MS analysis of a SOCS3 co-immunoprecipitate (co-IP) was investigated. I performed a SOCS3 under conditions which preserved protein-protein interactions, with the aim of identifying novel E3 ligase and/or DUBs that could potentially interact with SOCS3. These data were searched for E3 ligase or DUB enzymes that may interact with SOCS3 in HEK293 cells and identified two promising candidates i) an E3 ligase known as HectD1 and ii) a DUB known as USP15. This thesis has demonstrated that in the presence of HectD1 overexpression, a slight increase in K63-linked polyubiquitylation of SOCS3 was observed. Mutagenesis also revealed that an N-terminal region of SOCS3 may act as a repressor of this interaction with HectD1. Additionally, USP15 was shown to reduce SOCS3 polyubiquitylation in a HEK293 overexpression system suggesting this may act as a DUB for SOCS3. The C-terminal region of SOCS3 was also shown to play a major role in the interaction with USP15. The original hypothesis of this thesis was that stabilisation of endogenous SOCS3 by inhibiting its ubiquitylation has the potential to limit vascular inflammation and NIH. Consistent with this hypothesis, immunohistochemistry visualisation of SOCS3, in human saphenous vein tissue derived from CABG patients, revealed that while SOCS3 was present throughout the media of these vessels the levels of SOCS3 within the neointima was reduced. Finally, preliminary data supporting the hypothesis that SOCS3 overexpression may limit the proliferation, but not migration, of human saphenous vein smooth muscle cells (HSVSMCs) is presented. It is expected that multiple E3 ligases and DUBs will contribute to the regulation of SOCS3 turnover. However, the identification of candidate E3 ligases or DUBs that play a significant role in SOCS3 turnover may facilitate the development of peptide disruptors or gene therapy targets to attenuate pathological SMC proliferation. A targeted approach, inhibiting the interaction between SOCS3 and identified E3 ligase, that controls the levels of SOCS3, would be expected to reduce the undesirable effects associated with global inhibition of the E3 ligase involved.

Autopsia, embalsamamiento y signos de santidad en el cuerpo de Ignacio de Loyola

Las numerosas biografías que han venido apareciendo en estos últimos años sobre Ignacio de Loyola han abordado en contadas ocasiones el tratamiento post mortem que recibió el cuerpo del santo jesuita. No obstante, aquellas que sí han tratado este capítulo de la vida del Santo, no han tenido presente la riqueza descriptiva e interpretativa que proporciona la Historia de la Medicina. Estos motivos nos han llevado a confeccionar un artículo en el que se pretende reconstruir la manipulación post mortem que recibió su cuerpo. Al mismo tiempo, el presente texto pretende aventurar algunas nociones sobre los profesionales sanitarios que realizaron la autopsia y el posterior embalsamamiento del cadáver, los “signos de santidad” hallados en el organismo y los lugares en los que se conservó el cuerpo del azpeitiarra.

Metabolomics to investigate the effects of treatments on food and of food consumption on health

Metabolomics has established itself as a discipline that can offer a unique point of view on how a technological treatment could impact on the charactersitics of a food. Even more, the same analytical platforms necessary for the purpose can also effectively unravel intricate interactions between such food and human health upon consumption. This PhD thesis investigates the application of metabolomics in understanding the impact of technological treatments on food and their subsequent effects on human health, utilizing 1H-NMR as the analytical platform. The study involves the development of standard operating procedures (SOPs) to ensure a fast and stable preparation of seafood samples, incorporating novel algorithms to enhance the accuracy of metabolome profiles. To gain insight on how metabolomics can allow exploring the effects of a technological treatment on a food, we performed three sets of experiments to investigate the application of metabolomics in studying the impact of high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatment on seafood metabolome during storage. The first experiment employs untargeted metabolomic analysis on chill-stored rose shrimp, revealing significant post-HHP treatment metabolic alterations and mechanisms. The investigation is extended to grey mullet in the second experiment, utilizing both untargeted and targeted metabolomic analyses to account for matrix-related effects. The third experiment assesses the targeted metabolome of striped prawns, showing that HHP significantly influences metabolic pathways, positively impacting freshness and taste through alterations in related metabolites. Shifting focus to the effects of food on humans, the study explores the impact of multistrain probiotics on cirrhosis patients using 1H-NMR. The platform reveals notable alterations in glutamine/glutamate metabolism, enhancing the patients' ammonia detoxification capacity. This research underscores the potential of metabolomics in uncovering intricate interactions between technological treatments, food, and human health, providing valuable insights for both the food industry and healthcare interventions.