Políticas públicas em educação ambiental no contexto da Conferência Nacional de Educação - CONAE 2010

n this paper I pose some questions that I systematized after taking part in a colloquium proposed by the National Conference on Education (CONAE 2010) to discuss the theme “Environmental Education and Curriculum Contextualization”. Regarding public environmental education policies, I try to indicate some perspectives that are both coherent with what Brazilian educators and environmentalists have been proposing and considered necessary for the consolidation of an Articulated National Education System. I present a synthesis of the environmental education proposals systematized in the CONAE Reference Document, which was designed as a guide to state and local conferences. I make an effort to carry out a preliminary analysis of both the process and the content of the public environmental education proposals systematized in the Essential Documents (Volumes I and II), Thematic Plenary Meeting Documents, and Final Document. Furthermore, I try to present a short synthesis of the prevailing tendencies of educational policies in Brazil in the last decades, pointing out the meaning and need of social activism for the construction of public policies for education, in general, and for environmental education, specifically.

As percepções sobre a democracia no Brasil: os valores políticos dos deputados estaduais paulistas, paranaenses e catarinenses

This paper analyzes the opinions of legislators members of parliamentaries elites of Legislative Assemblies of the States of São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina on democracy. The opinions of legislators paulistas were collected using a questionnaire selfadministered and structured, while the opinions of legislators paranaenses and catarinenses were collected with the surveys “As elites administrativas, parlamentares e partidárias do Paraná, 1995-2006” and “Elites políticas e a democracia: os valores políticos dos parlamentares catarinenses da 16º Legislatura, 2007”. The results were: i) democracy is stable, ii) it is superior to any other type of regime, iii) is supported by some social policies and the use of voting and iv) democracy has support of various ideological currents.

As políticas curriculares da educação profissional técnica de nível médio: desafios/correlações do princípio de competência da Resolução CNE/CEB 4/99

This paper proposes some reflections from activities developped in the context of a research supported by FAPESP called “As políticas de educação profissional e tecnológica no Brasil pós LDB 9394/96”. Our purpose is to analyze the federal legislation of professional and technological education, by enphasizing its impacts in technical schools of São Paulo (Brazil).

Proficiência em Matemática: análise do desempenho de escolas públicas estaduais de Araraquara no SARESP

The objective of this study is to present an analysis of students performance in public schools of Araraquara in relation to the proficiency in mathematics, addressing the Sistema de Avaliação de Rendimento Escolar do Estado de São Paulo (SARESP), which is an important tool for support the Secretaria Estadual da Educação in definitions focused on educational policies. To perform the analysis of students performance were considered notes in math tests, achieved by students from the third grade of high school in eleven state public schools of Araraquara. To achieve the proposed objective, were used data from SARESP for the period between 2008 and 2011, made available by the State Secretariat of Education (SEE). The results showed that students in the third grade of high school of public schools in Araraquara are in the worst levels of proficiency in mathematics considered by SARESP. This result demonstrates an urgent need to seek explanations and ways to overcome this situation.

A prática curricular e as tecnologias nas escolas municipais e estaduais: desafios e possibilidades

In order to ensure the teaching and learning process of written and spoken language, the state government of São Paulo established as the official curriculum Read and Write Program (2007) and EMAI (2012). In municipal elementary schools in Bauru SP, since 2013, went into action the Common curriculum, targeting a unified curriculum. The curriculum has a wide range of definitions, which vary according to the conception of the authors, as well as its practice can occur of different ways resulting from the worldview and teacher's work. So, this study aimed to analyze the relationship between the curriculum of state and municipal schools in Bauru regarding its articulation with the use of technology in the early years of elementary school, opposing proposal curriculum and teaching practice. For this, was necessary check the view of teachers on this process, because they are responsible for putting the curriculum in action and link it with the use of technology. Several authors report that the use of technology in education to provide qualitative advances in school learning, thereby we asked whether there is a joint in the daily life of state and municipal schools, through the existing curriculum. To answer these and other questions in this work, we realized a qualitative empirical research base that used as an instrument of data collection: literature review, documentary, interview and questionnaire with nine teachers from public schools in the city Bauru, on which we identified that there curricular flexibility to articulate the use of technologies. However, there are also many challenges and opportunities related to public policies and training of teachers to cope with the demands of the digital age

O processo de formação inicial de professores dos anos iniciais da EJA: uma análise do curso de Pedagogia de universidades estaduais de São Paulo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

As representações sociais dos diretores das escolas estaduais da diretoria de ensino de Presidente Prudente - SP sobre o seu papel e sobre a escola pública

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Funções e formas de provimento dos diretores das redes estaduais paulista e paranaense

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Contribuições e limitações das políticas públicas para o fortalecimento das agricultoras: o caso da Organização de Mulheres do Assentamento Tucano (OMAT) em Euclides da Cunha Paulista (SP)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

O governo estadual na experiência política brasileira: os desempenhos legislativos das assembléias estaduais

Este artigo analisa o volume e a dinamica da produção legislativa em 12 assembléias legislativas estaduais brasileiras durante duas legislaturas, 1999-2002 e 2002-2006. Em primeiro lugar, constatamos que a dinâmica legislativa das assembléias estaduais depende dos recursos institucionais conferidos constitucionalmente aos atores políticos pela Carta de 1988 que restringe a legislação proposta pelos deputados estaduais e limita a autonomia legislativa do Governador. Apesar de indícios claros da existência de uma dinâmica partidária relevante e um jogo efetivo entre governo e oposição nas assembléias que explica as variações encontradas entre os estados. Em segundo lugar, sinalizamos uma dinâmica legislativa estadual diversificada que não se restringe ao predomínio do poder executivo. O volume de propostas apresentadas pelos deputados estaduais que não distribuem benefícios concentrados sinaliza para uma agenda pelo menos "desejada", principalmente direcionada a definir normas e diretrizes das políticas públicas estaduais. Por outro lado, é evidente que o sucesso legislativo dos deputados estaduais é elevado se comparado ao dos deputados federais, mas basicamente restrito a uma categoria de norma: a concessão de benefícios concentrados, destacando-se a categoria das declarações de utilidades públicas. O esforço de pesquisa aqui empreendido e os dados apresentados chamam a atenção para a necessidade de futuras pesquisas sobre as assembléias estaduais em busca de uma melhor compreensão do funcionamento das instituições brasileiras no âmbito subnacional.

Avaliação dos impactos de políticas públicas de transferência de renda na qualidade de vida no semiárido nordestino face às mudanças climáticas

Introdução: Os impactos das alterações climáticas são e serão sentidos localmente, e irão variar de lugar para lugar. Nas regiões mais sensíveis à variabilidade climática, onde outros fatores e restrições afetam o desenvolvimento, a mudança climática terá um impacto significativamente maior. Uma da preocupações mais recentes da comunidade científica é que esses impactos negativos das alterações climáticas sobre a sociedade, saúde e o meio ambiente possa vir a restringir quaisquer ganhos realizados até o momento na melhora da qualidade de vida das populações, e em especial na região nordeste do Brasil. Neste contexto, as mudanças climáticas, bem como a variabilidade climática natural com seus extremos, podem vir a acentuar uma vulnerabilidade social já existente, fazendo com que a qualidade de vida das populações mais vulneráveis seja especialmente e desproporcionalmente afetada. Objetivo: Analisar como os impactos das políticas públicas de transferência de renda em especial o Programa Bolsa Família e a Aposentadoria Rural influênciam a qualidade de vida frente à variabilidade e mudanças climáticas de famílias pobres no nordeste brasileiro. Métodos: Fez-se uso de métodos qualitativos e quantitativos de coleta e análise de dados sobre as diferentes formas de pobreza e vulnerabilidade e a relação com a capacidade de adaptação à seca, e como isso afeta a percepção de qualidade de vida em famílias pobres rurais e urbanas em dois municípios do estado do Ceará (Parambu e Boa Viagem) sobre o estresse da seca. Realizou-se 221 entrevistas domiciliares (141 na zona rural e 80 na zona urbana). Complementarmente foram coletados dados qualitativos obtidos através de entrevistas semiestruturadas com informantes-chaves (gestores municipais e estaduais, chefes religiosos, presidentes de associações rurais e agentes de saúde). Os dados foram codificados e analisados com o auxílio do N-Vivo e do SPSS. Resultados: Os resultados foram separados e apresentados em formato de três manuscritos. Em geral, os resultados mostram que apesar dos programas de transferência de renda agirem positivamente na 16 melhora da qualidade de vida da famílias beneficiadas, durante o evento de seca as famílias não conseguem superar os fatores que as tornam vulneráveis, o que pode afetar sua percepção de bem-estar subjetivo. Ao mesmo tempo, devido às limitações e deficiências das intervenções políticas de intervenção de seca, as relações de dependência e clientelismo, característica da região, continuam a perpetuar. Conclusão: Os ganhos materiais na qualidade de vida, promovidos pelos programas sociais, como o Bolsa Família e a pensão rural, apesar de serem necessários, não são suficientes para promover uma transformação na vida dessas famílias

Papel do município e relações federativas: atuação de municípios cearenses nas políticas de formação continuada de alfabetizadores

The investigation analyze s the role of the municipalities in the ongoing development of literacy teachers, having as a field of study the municipalities of Jaguaruana and Palhano, both in the State of Ceará. The political - educational space adopted as a sample of the study is the p eriod between the years 2003 and 2006, when the emphasis on cooperative action among the federated entities is observed in the Government’s guidelines and Brazilian educational policies, showing the municipal presence in the implementation and execution of these policies. T he historical - dialectical materialistic perspective, understood as an analysis of the social reality as historical elaboration and product of the human praxis, is expressed as the required theoretical - methodological path. The investigatio n is operationalized through interconnected stages: one that involves bibliographical and documental analysis, in which the theoretical input of the research is added, as well as the Federal, State and M unicipal documents accessed ; and another, regarding t he field work, studying the specific character of the object and its mutual rela tionships in the municipalities . The research brings the notion of intergovernmental relationships and cooperative mechanisms as central theoretical tools and, dialoguing with them, ideas such as decentralization, municipalization and municipal autonomy are inserted into a theoretical/practical body, through which the historical and logical aspects of the object are detailed. The study describes and interprets the policies of on going development of literacy teachers with focus on the national guidelines formulated since the 1990’s and on the govern mental incorporation in the national and subnational spaces. In this sense, the analysis is based on the comprehension of the interrel ationship between the municipal policies and the p olicies created by the S tate or Federal G overnments in order to offer ongoing development of literacy teachers. Considering the investigated sample, it shows how the municipal role and the relationships bet ween the State and municipalities of Ceará have emerged, as well as their characteristics regarding the education management policies, taking into account the practices of municipalization and cooperation between the State and municipalities in their histo rical composition. It shows the practices which aim at the ongoing development of literacy teachers observed in the researched municipalities, pointing out the realities and specific marks left by municipal presence in the area, demonstrating the assigned role and the role played. Based on the points of view of the managers interviewed in the municipalities of Jaguaruana e Palhano, it is possible to note the meaning and effectiveness of the policies carried out. With such elements, it discusses the municipa l asymmetries in their homogeneities and heterogeneities rega rding the execution of their federative role. The analysis shows that th e role of the municipalities vary according to the historical, political and social interventions in each municipality. In the fields of formulation and execution of educational policies, the actions of the municipal governments, situated and with expressive interferences, reveal asymmetries in the sense that some municipalities have bigger autonomy and participate more effect ively in the production and distribution of policies than others. In terms of the researched realities, the study shows that taking care of the policies of ongoing development of literacy teachers is not a task that should be assigned exclusively to the mu nicipalities, nonetheless it is a role that they play with varying degrees of success. This role is in fact a joint competence of the federated entities, in the scope the Brazilian cooperative federalism.

Os estados no SUAS: uma análise da capacidade institucional dos governos estaduais na assistência social

This paper deals of the effects generated by institutional designs in the behavior of political actors. The literature that discusses the implications of federal arrangements in the production of public policies to dock at two opposing arguments: (1) the federal configuration would cause dispersion and variation in service provision between subnational governments; and (2) the central government would own mechanisms to induce the provision of national policies in more homogeneous levels, similar to unitary states. The research is part of this discussion because it analyzes the effects of the institutional design of the Sistema Único de Assistência Social (SUAS) in the decisions of states in Brazil. Therefore, we analyzed the institutional capacity built by the 26 state governments after the implementation of SUAS, conceiving this system as defined mechanism of government functions and federative cooperation.It is argued that the existence of a heterogeneous institutional capacity of state governments in social assistance is a result of the autonomy contained in the institutional design of SUAS to this level of government. This freedom of action relativize the idea that the implementation of national public policy systems would generate positive (or homogeneous) effects in all subnational governments, at the same time as it preclude to generalize the premise of fragility of the states in the brazilian federal plan.

Capacidades estatais para implementação de políticas públicas em ambientes federativos: o caso do Programa Bolsa Família

This thesis aims to understand the extent to which state capacities of state governments explain the effectiveness of the implementation of Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) in the Northeast, adopting the implementation of the theory as the main theoretical lens and more specifically the concept of state capacity. Methodologically is a study of public policy evaluation, and categorized as a process of evaluation study or implementation. Given the specificity of the object is classified as a multi case study research covering the states of Sergipe, Rio Grande do Norte and Bahia. In addition to using secondary data, the study used semi-structured interviews with members of Intersectoral Committees responsible for the actions of PBF and the Cadastro Único at the state level, composed of representatives of the areas of the state government of Social Welfare, Education and Health. the main findings related to technical and administrative capacities and policies were found: infrastructure with weakness in human resources, technological and financial resources; intra-governmental coordination with boundaries between PBF and Unified Social Assistance System , and the actions of conditionality of health and Health Unic System Basic Attention; intergovernmental coordination carried out mostly by the distance limitations of displacement and incipient regional decentralization of actions; based monitoring in the municipalities of lower performance and from the parameters placed by the federal government and political capacities; representative political system is hardly accessed by instances of program management; minor social participation and low articulation with related issues advice to PBF; audit control by any outside agencies. The thesis concludes that depending on the capabilities found implementing weaknesses are not unique to the program's actions, but from the very institutional capacity of the systems in which it operates that are the Unified Social Assistance System, the Health Unic System and the Educational System. In other words limitations of their own state capacities of the state governments and the municipal governments of each territory, such as quantitative insufficiency and qualification of human resources, financial and institutional resources, lack instance promoting decentralization (Intergovernmental and intra-governmental) as well the weakness or absence of a network of local social services are also factors that explain the program management performance and state capabilities of arrangements formed by states and municipalities in the PBF, only to partially deal with the complexity of joints involving Implementation of the program with regard to inter and intra-governmental action.

Capacidades estatais para implementação de políticas públicas em ambientes federativos: o caso do Programa Bolsa Família

This thesis aims to understand the extent to which state capacities of state governments explain the effectiveness of the implementation of Programa Bolsa Família (PBF) in the Northeast, adopting the implementation of the theory as the main theoretical lens and more specifically the concept of state capacity. Methodologically is a study of public policy evaluation, and categorized as a process of evaluation study or implementation. Given the specificity of the object is classified as a multi case study research covering the states of Sergipe, Rio Grande do Norte and Bahia. In addition to using secondary data, the study used semi-structured interviews with members of Intersectoral Committees responsible for the actions of PBF and the Cadastro Único at the state level, composed of representatives of the areas of the state government of Social Welfare, Education and Health. the main findings related to technical and administrative capacities and policies were found: infrastructure with weakness in human resources, technological and financial resources; intra-governmental coordination with boundaries between PBF and Unified Social Assistance System , and the actions of conditionality of health and Health Unic System Basic Attention; intergovernmental coordination carried out mostly by the distance limitations of displacement and incipient regional decentralization of actions; based monitoring in the municipalities of lower performance and from the parameters placed by the federal government and political capacities; representative political system is hardly accessed by instances of program management; minor social participation and low articulation with related issues advice to PBF; audit control by any outside agencies. The thesis concludes that depending on the capabilities found implementing weaknesses are not unique to the program's actions, but from the very institutional capacity of the systems in which it operates that are the Unified Social Assistance System, the Health Unic System and the Educational System. In other words limitations of their own state capacities of the state governments and the municipal governments of each territory, such as quantitative insufficiency and qualification of human resources, financial and institutional resources, lack instance promoting decentralization (Intergovernmental and intra-governmental) as well the weakness or absence of a network of local social services are also factors that explain the program management performance and state capabilities of arrangements formed by states and municipalities in the PBF, only to partially deal with the complexity of joints involving Implementation of the program with regard to inter and intra-governmental action.