973 resultados para nova ciência administrativa


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Este trabalho busca avaliar o impacto de uma política pública, no caso, a política de desenvolvimento de recursos humanos da reforma administrativa promovida pelo governo do presidente Fernando Collor de Mello (1990-1992) em seu público-alvo - os funcionários públicos civis da União. Para tanto, resgatamos as experiências de reforma que o setor federal atravessou desde a proclamação da República, descrevendo suas estratégias e limitações, e utilizamos dois instrumentos de análise próprios das Ciências Sociais, a Análise de Conteúdo e a Análise do Discurso, a fim de exercitar uma metodologia qualitativa de pesquisa para a ciência da Administração.

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Este trabalho é um estudo de caso sobre o uso do orçamento público como instrumento de gestão, abordando a evolução do instituto do orçamento desde o seu surgimento até a aplicação das técnicas modernas atuais nos países mais avançados na matéria orçamentária. Foi traçado um paralelo com o desenvolvimento do orçamento no Brasil, focando principalmente as mudanças introduzidas pela Constituição Federal de 1988 nas finanças do governo e a proposta de transformação das organizações públicas em virtude da reforma administrativa em 1995. A organização estudada foi a Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, órgão de ciência e tecnologia em saúde, dedicado à pesquisa, formação de recursos humanos, produção de imunobiológicos e medicamentos, e à prestação de serviços de referência. Constatou-se que o orçamento é utilizado no planejamento de seus objetivos e metas, não se restringindo apenas ao cumprimento das normas emanadas pelo governo federal. Entretanto, por ser uma experiência nova, implantada há apenas cinco anos, necessita ser aprimorada.

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O Instituto de Física da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro foi criado pela resolução nº 21 de 1964 do Conselho Universitário da Universidade do Brasil, e mantido pelo Decreto nº 60.455-A de 13.03.67 que aprovou o plano de reestruturação da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - ex-Universidade do Brasil. O Instituto é uma unidade desta Universidade , subordinado ao Centro de Ciências Matemáticas e da Natureza. Este está dividido em departamentos que são a menor fração da estrutura acadêmica da Universidade. A responsabiliade deste é de planejar, executar e controlar a pesquisa e o ensino na sua área de conhecimento. Assim, as atividades desenvolvidas no Instituto sãa de pesquisa e ensino e devem envolver todo o corpo docente. Mas, verifica-se que há no Instituto um profundo desinteresse pelo ensino. A educação científica é uma atividade de rotina, burocratizada, baseada na repetição de textos de manuais, severamente criticados pelo seu caráter simplificador dos conceitos e da própria visão de ciência. Essa prática, assim conduzida, vem se repetindo, ao longo dos anos, formando professores reprodutores e pesquisadores de ciência normal. Para repensar a prãtica pedagógica científica é necessário analisar, em profundidade, a ciência e a pedagogia, científica, suportes teóricos das práticas realizadas no Instituto. Isso significa explicitar a concepção de ciência que fundamenta as formas de ensinar e pesquisar. Para tanto, o trabalho, aqui desenvolvido. pautou-se em estudo da realidade acadêmica do Instituto, bem como, em concepções de filosofia da ciência, relevantes na atualidade, como as de Bachelard e Kuhn. Estes subsídios assim construidos, indicam caminhos para a elaboração de uma nova pedagogia que se contrapõe à vigente.

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As mudanças recentes, nos planos mundial e nacional, possibilitam a prática da municipalização do ensino sob uma nova perspectiva: a democrática. Esta se baseia no pressuposto de que a democracia política, além de um fim da democracia plena, pode ser o caminho para a democratização socioeconômica do País. Nessa perspectiva propõe-se a municipalização do ensino fundamental como uma reforma política do Estado, já que este é o nível de instrução indispensável para o exercício da cidadania e que o município constitui a instância de governo junto à qual os brasileiros vêm conseguindo, de modo mais efetivo, fazer reconhecidos e assegurados os direitos que lhes foram garantidos pela Constituição Federal nesse setor. Conclui-se, como resultado de uma análise de seus riscos e benefícios, que a municipalização pode contribuir para a democratização da gestão do ensino fundamental e, através desta, para a democratização desse ensino, do Estado e da sociedade. Reconhece-se, porém, que as políticas de municipalização do ensino, até o período autoritário, não contribuíram para a democratização do ensino, nem de sua gestão. Conclui-se, ainda, que esse não era mesmo o seu objetivo. Procura-se verificar se a democratização do País e o advento da Constituição de 1988 teriam modificado esse tipo de política. Para tanto, examinam-se três políticas de municipalização - promovidas pelos Estados de Minas Gerais, São Paulo e Rio de Janeiro - as duas primeiras através de fontes secundárias e a terceira, de estudo in loco. Condui-se que elas apresentam poucas alterações, quando comparadas com suas antecessoras em termos de objetivos, estratégias, normas e instrumentos. Estão, ainda, impregnadas pelo autoritarismo, a concepção do município como instância meramente administrativa, as descontinuidades, a precariedade de suas soluções e a falta de um esquema de financiamento adequado. Analisando-se estatísticas sobre matrículas no ensino fundamental do País e o quadro jurídico criado pela Constituição Federal, deduz-se que a municipalização é hoje um processo inexorável, mas que vem sendo mal conduzido, caracterizando-se, geralmente, como uma municipalização selvagem. Finalizando, são apresentadas recomendações para uma política de municipalização do ensino fundamental realmente democratizadora, destacando-se que ela deve ter alcance nacional, ser democrática em seus objetivos e processos de formulação e implementação, ser aprovada pelo Congresso Nacional, apoiar-se em uma concepção política de município, adotar como fonte de financiamento o salário-educação, cuja legislação e mecanismos devem sofrer as modificações, bem como criar condições propícias para aumentar a transparênCia, participação e controle social nos sistemas de ensino fundamental.

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Esta dissertação se dedica a fazer uma revisão da literatura sobre governança democrática, buscando contribuir com novos marcos conceituais na análise da gestão das políticas de segurança pública. Trata-se de apresentar uma nova perspectiva para analisar quais e como têm sido as políticas de segurança pública desenvolvidas no intuito de superar o problema da violência e da criminalidade de acordo com sua magnitude e complexidade. Para tanto, o trabalho destaca o papel do Estado na tarefa da governança, discutindo o exercício do monopólio legítimo da força visto da perspectiva da participação e inclusão de novos atores, da articulação entre órgãos e esferas de poder, da construção de novos padrões de autoridade e legitimidade, e da gestão integrada de políticas públicas em um ambiente democrático. A bibliografia sobre governança democrática tem o potencial de oferecer subsídios para esta análise, pois combina a abordagem política com a perspectiva administrativa, agregando às diretrizes gerais sobre a atuação do Estado indicações de critérios de formulação, monitoramento e avaliação de políticas públicas em uma sociedade cada vez mais dinâmica e multifacetada, cujas demandas prementes se colocam como desafio aos governos contemporâneos.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar em que medida o Instituto de Criminalística, órgão da administração pública direta de Minas Gerais, alinhou a sua gestão administrativa e de pessoal às diretrizes do Choque de Gestão. Decorridos oito anos desde o início da implantação dessa política pública, a questão cabe averiguação a fim de se saber o quanto dos novos ideais foram disseminados e assimilados em uma das instituições a qual essa política se comprometera a modernizar. Ao abordar a medida da relação existente entre o Choque de Gestão e o Instituto de Criminalística, este estudo visou compreender quantos velhos paradigmas foram quebrados e quantos novos conceitos foram assimilados para fazer a administração pública voltar-se para quem de fato foi criada e a quem deve servir: o povo. Para subsidiar as pesquisas, este estudo abrangeu uma análise dos referenciais teóricos que faceiam as questões relevantes à Nova Administração Pública e impactaram diretamente a concepção do Choque de Gestão, mas levando em conta os referenciais próprios dessa política. A pesquisa de campo consistiu de uma abordagem do fenômeno em seu palco de acontecimento, feita por meio de observação-participante, de entrevistas e questionários junto aos principais atores do cenário pesquisado: servidores e gestores de linha e clientes. Os resultados mostraram que, inobstante, o Choque de Gestão apresentar-se como um plano estruturado e bem intencionado, a sua proposta de transformação ainda não causou ressonância naquela ponta do serviço público, posto que diversos conceitos propalados por essa política confrontam-se com antigos valores, derivados de práticas anteriores. Sendo assim, acredita-se que a efetivação das diretrizes do Choque de Gestão está condicionada à adesão dos gestores e servidores de linha a essas propostas e, para tanto, as instâncias superiores de governo deverão agir para garantir essa adesão.

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The Federal Institution for Education, Science and Technology, in its historical path, has been living different changes. The transformations occurred along the way have been determined by coercive forces from the institutional environment, which has became more and more broad and complex throughout the time, obtaining diverse characteristics and new elements such as non institutional factors1 which started to contribute with the other changes. In this context, this work aims to study the isomorphic practices of the managers in the institutional changes process of the IFRN in 1998 and 2008, as of a theoretical coevolutionary perspective (CHILD; RODRIGUES; LEWIN; CARROL; VOLBERDA, 2003). This theory brings a new point of view for the organization analysis to the organizational studies, since it offers a non deterministic and non linear lection of the evolution process, which means, a coevolution. Thus, the organizations and their institutional and non institutional environment auto evolve, auto organize and auto reproduce. Therefore, the institutional and non institutional factors of the macro environment keep a continuous interdependence relationship with the organizations. For the means of this study, it is important to understand that is impossible to comprehend the object, the isomorphic practices, without considering that the previous institutional changes and its evolutions, its continuations and discontinuations, important in the coevolution process. As such, to call upon the institutional historical track is a fundamental aspect to materialize this study, for the recursive movement is indeed present in the coevolution. Another important point to make this research effective is that it is not possible to abdicate from the hologramatic view2 of this study, which considers the object, the isomorphic practices, part of the whole and this whole is also in the parts, therefore it is impossible to comprehend the object of study outside the context where it belongs. With this, as of the objective previously proposed, it is necessary to describe the characteristics of coevolution of the institutional changes related in 1998 and 2008; analyze the dynamic of the isomorphic mechanisms in its respective institutional change process; and describe the lessons learned which the isomorphic practices left to the IFRN, regarding its benefits and difficulties. All these transformations happened through coercive forces3 of the institutional environment. As of the Nineties, these forces became stronger, the environment became broader and more complex, with the emergency of new environmental factors. This study proposed to study the managing process and its practices, related to the micro environment, although it is required to articulate these actions, the demands and requirements from the macro environment. To make this research effective, semi structured interviews have been conducted with the managers who participated in both institutional change processes. In the results analysis, it has been possible to verify the particularity of each change, the one from 1998 with a strong normative action of the managers against coercive forces from the government for the search of recognition and the institutional legitimation and the one in 2008, which has been characterized by the normative action by managers in agreement with the coercive forces from the government, in favor of the government policy for the technological professional education. However, the results analysis it is possible to notice the evidence of a belonging feeling from the interviewed managers

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The tertiary sector has been (re)defining and (re)qualifying, in an impacting way, the urban spaces in the cities, introducing new elements for the discussion of the relationship center/periphery. In Natal, as an inducing economic activity of its development, it conforms to the new needs of the capital, expanding, being materialized through several processes and spatial forms. We aim at analyzing one of those processes, which has taken its Northern Administrative Area to (re)define the design of its urban space, through the actions developed by the agents involved with the spatialization of the tertiary activities, at the same time as it redimensions its role as a periphery of Natal, contributing to the study of the recent and growing transformations of the Brazilian capitals. The studied district corresponds to 39.4% of the municipal area and, until recently, was composed by precarious reproduction spaces, unprovided of relevant economical activities. After the boom of the development of extensive housing complexes by SFH/BNH, the area, gradually stopped being a dependent area, and it imposed itself as an economically participant region, with the increase of the trade and services sectors, as well as a favorable place for the appearance of new activities. Its reflexes are noticeable in the achieved spatial configuration. As the main road to induct changes, Dr. João Medeiros Filho Avenue presents these new tendencies in the production of the intraurban space, concentrating the largest goods and services equipments of the area, through investments of the private and public sectors, which guarantee the capital allocation for the construction of a new centrality

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The ionic nitriding process presents some limitations related with the control of the thickness of the layer and its uniformity. Those limitations that happen during the process, are produced due to edge effects, damage caused by arcing arc and hollow cathode, mainly in pieces with complex geometry and under pressures in excess of 1 mbar. A new technique, denominated ASPN (active screen shapes nitriding) it has been used as alternative, for offering many advantages with respect to dc plasma conventional. The developed system presents a configuration in that the samples treated are surrounded by a large metal screen at high voltage cathodic potencials, (varying between 0 and 1200V) and currents up to 1 A. The sample is placed in floting potential or polarized at relatively lower bias voltages by an auxiliary source. As the plasma is not formed directly in the sample surface but in the metal screen, the mentioned effects are eliminated. This mechanism allows investigate ion of the transfer of nitrogen to the substrate. Optical and electronic microscopy are used to exam morphology and structure at the layer. X-ray difration for phase identification and microhardness to evaluate the efficiency of this process with respect to dc conventional nitriding

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Increase hydrocarbons production is the main goal of the oilwell industry worldwide. Hydraulic fracturing is often applied to achieve this goal due to a combination of attractive aspects including easiness and low operational costs associated with fast and highly economical response. Conventional fracturing usually involves high-flowing high-pressure pumping of a viscous fluid responsible for opening the fracture in the hydrocarbon producing rock. The thickness of the fracture should be enough to assure the penetration of the particles of a solid proppant into the rock. The proppant is driven into the target formation by a carrier fluid. After pumping, all fluids are filtered through the faces of the fracture and penetrate the rock. The proppant remains in the fracture holding it open and assuring high hydraulic conductivity. The present study proposes a different approach for hydraulic fracturing. Fractures with infinity conductivity are formed and used to further improve the production of highly permeable formations as well as to produce long fractures in naturally fractured formations. Naturally open fractures with infinite conductivity are usually encountered. They can be observed in rock outcrops and core plugs, or noticed by the total loss of circulation during drilling (even with low density fluids), image profiles, pumping tests (Mini-Frac and Mini Fall Off), and injection tests below fracturing pressure, whose flow is higher than expected for radial Darcian ones. Naturally occurring fractures are kept open by randomly shaped and placed supporting points, able to hold the faces of the fracture separate even under typical closing pressures. The approach presented herein generates infinite conductivity canal held open by artificially created parallel supporting areas positioned both horizontally and vertically. The size of these areas is designed to hold the permeable zones open supported by the impermeable areas. The England & Green equation was used to theoretically prove that the fracture can be held open by such artificially created set of horizontal parallel supporting areas. To assess the benefits of fractures characterized by infinite conductivity, an overall comparison with finite conductivity fractures was carried out using a series of parameters including fracture pressure loss and dimensionless conductivity as a function of flow production, FOI folds of increase, flow production and cumulative production as a function of time, and finally plots of net present value and productivity index

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It has been reflected on Science and spirituality having as focus the relation between them and the process lived by terminal patients after the confirmation of the finitude of their lives. It has searched with this research to excite discussions that corroborate the tematization of a possible dialogue between science and spirituality, signaling perspectives of debates and formation of an understanding of the problematic that involves these human constructs in the development of alternatives for the understanding of the life finitude. We point out the moment of split between science and spirituality through the cartesian paradigm from a historical approach and after focusing the illness and death as foundation for our discussion. We use as methodological strategy, focal talks with terminal patients having as guidance a guideline with five punctuations: the singular citizen, diagnosis impacts, indicators of science, spirituality marks and death fear that served of base for analysis and data interpretation in according to selected theoretical foundations. Thus, it was possible to perceive that science, although not to keep an explicit dialogue with spirituality, it has pointed through is representation forms to the process indicatives that will culminate with the death. And these indicators had shown that in this direction it is efficient. We believe that the confrontation of the death can happen through of a new science that dialogues with the spirituality, where does not have separation between reason and emotion on the part of science; as well as it does not have reason disdain on the part of the spirituality

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The 1988 Constitution was the legal marc to define changes in Brazilian State with major importance to the layout of public politician. In that moment of redefinitions e openness to new ways the redemocratization, participation and decentralization of public school had as their starter the elementary school. This work focus on the manage of FUNDESCOLA, particularly one of its politics called PDE (Educational Development Plan) wich purpose is guarantee a better quality in teaching and spread out democracy throughout its methodology. It was chosen two public schools: Professor Ulisses de Góis and Antonio Campos. The theoretical and methodological orientation is based on the theory of participative democracy developed by authors such as Putnam and Pateman. They says that a cultural background precedes individual participation in society. The collected data (educational legislation, surveys with all sectors of schools and technicians of Natal educational secretary, and relevant documents of de institutions) showed that PDE. Implementation had opposite runnings in the schools studied. In one, as a consequence of bad preparations of its teachers to absorve its methodology, PDE failed. In another way, PDE achieved its goals, especially helping the structure of action plans of the school and the administrative organization making possible several pedagogic activities planned. The work concludes that the main factor the failure or success of PDE relies on the organizational (both political and pedagogical) structure of each school. This discovery implies three important guidelines when comes to formulation of public politicians: a) Constitution of school; b) the local actors who manages the actions; c) the colletive interest in taking part of decisions

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This paper aims to discuss the conflicts of competence in environmental matters, as well as the legitimacy of the normative acts in the exercise of jurisdiction effected environmental management. For this work, addresses the issue of federalism, North American (dual) and German (cooperative), deepening its historical and theoretical fundamentals, as well as the influences on the evolution of the ideological matrix of Brazilian federalism. Distinguishes itself around the problem the theoretical and abstract discussion involving the constitutional division of powers, and the issue of his relationship with the vicissitudes in the embracement of environmental matters that invariably leads to mistakes in the exercise of jurisdiction environmental management. Its highlight the existence of a framework environmental law, embodying the principles themselves as well as a specific object of authority, which qualifies a different interpretation of the rules of constitutional powers as well as influencing the acting agent of government in managing the public good environment. The study represents an exploratory research as it investigates the depths of the institutes are in evidence not only with satisfying its practical outcome. For this to happen, explores bibliographical sources and identified by the science of law as more important, as the search for social-political boundary which takes the issue studied in their historical and contextual materiality, whose study is essential for a complete understanding of the topic . The dialectic that arguments have been constructed throughout the monograph, attempts to pass a critical way to expose the author's ideas, which considers as essential in the arrival of new questions

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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This dissertation addresses the issue of technology in the work of Herbert Marcuse, explaning the merger between technology and domination that result in a totalitarian technological apparatus. Thus, technological civilization is supported and justified by a rational technological apparatus in the society, we have come not only the philosophy of Marcuse, but other great thinkers too, like Heidegger, Hegel, Marx. We also present a debate involving the philosophy of science, logic and linguage. Marcuse points to the need for a new technological rationality that emerge from a new sensibility, where the technique would allow a new relationship between man and nature. From then on, would emerge the need for a new subject. This transition would be possible by means of sensitivity, where art would become the art of live. With the link between art and technique made possible by new sensitivity, the author leaves one of its main contribution: he leaves open the possibility for the subject to choose new targests for technological development