A qualificadora “no melhor conhecimento” em contratos de compra e venda de participação societária

As operações de compra e venda de participação societária seguem no Brasil um modelo importado do direito estrangeiro. Dentre diversos institutos importados, existem as cláusulas de declarações e garantias e suas qualificadoras. O objetivo do presente trabalho é examinar a validade da qualificadora “no melhor conhecimento” no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e sua eficácia dentro dos limites impostos por esse ordenamento. Busca-se, para tanto, analisar o conceito da qualificadora em seu sistema originário, a Common Law, e posteriormente trazer a discussão para o ambiente jurídico do ordenamento brasileiro, propiciando a conclusão que a validade da inserção da cláusula decorre do princípio da autonomia privada, mas está limitada pelos valores trazidos pelo princípio da boa-fé objetiva e seus deveres relacionados. Uma vez verificada a validade do instituto jurídico no ordenamento brasileiro, sua eficácia está relacionada à alocação de responsabilidade entre partes sobre o conhecimento e as consequências dessa alocação.

Espaços especiais em Natal (moradia e meio ambiente): um necessário diálogo entre direitos e espaços na perspectiva de proteção aos direitos fundamentais na cidade contemporânea

Some protected special spaces on behalf of fundamental rights to the environment and the housing at the city of Natal are fragile by facing actions and attempts to suppress and changing (or omission in the implementation) of standards in furtherance of those rights at the local level, which seems to reflect a situation that goes beyond the context of the city. Based on integrated approach of the housing rights and the environment and its protection of special spaces on the field of fundamental rights, the thesis seeks to understand the weaknesses that affect the legal state duty under the realization/implementation of fundamental rights to the environment and housing in cities, focusing on the issues of flexibility of the founding legislation of special spaces to the detriment of the attributes they protected and the lack of implementation of the legal system that allows their effectiveness. So, it looks initially to understand the environment and housing rights and their special protected areas in the brazilian legal system, looking forward the evolution of its legal protection, as well as the weaknesses that emerge in the field of their effectiveness. Analyzing the trajectory of the environment and housing rights and their special protected areas in Natal, considering its standards, attributes, protection indicators, weaknesses and negative evidence within its legal protections and their enforcement by state entity, this thesis proposes to verify the existence of forms to confronting the weaknesses founded in the maintenance of legal protection and its implementation. At this point it discusses the legal basis and safeguard instruments of protection, especially within the juridical field, as part of a (re)discussion about issues of legislative and administrative discretion in the face of objective legal state duty to realization/implementation of fundamental rights in the urban space. With all these issues together the thesis does not ignore the scenario where the dividing line between public and private (economic) are becoming ever more tenuous in the field of state action and where the city stands as a special commodity to the reproduction of real estate, according to the interests of capitalist logic

Novas fronteiras petrolíferas no Brasil : uma análise da necessidade de nova regulamentação da área do pré-sal sob a ótica constitucional

The Oil industry in Brazil has gone through several stages during the economical, political and social historical process. However, the significative changes have happened in the last fifteen years, due to market opening arising from the relaxation of the state monopoly over the Oil deposits and its derivatives. The edition of the Constitutional Amendment #9, changing the first paragraph of the 177th item of the Federal Constitution, marked the end of a stiffness about the monopoly that the Brazilian state kept in relation to the exploration and research of Oil and Gas. The economical order was fundamental to actualize the idea contained in the #9 Amendment, since its contents has the power to set up measures to be adopted by public power in order to organize the economical relations from a social viewpoint. The new brazilian Oil scenery, called pre-salt, presents itself in a way to amaze the economical markets, in addition to creating a new perspective to the social sector. This work will identify, in this new scenario, the need for change in the legal system. Nevertheless, this subject must not be treated in a thoughtless way: being an exhaustible good, we shall not forget that the future generations also must benefit from the exploration of natural resources recently discovered. The settlement of a new regulatory mark, including the change in the concession contract model to production and sharing is one of the suggested solutions as a bill in the National Congress, in an attempt to ensure the sovereignty of the nation. The constitutionality of a new regulatory mark is questioned, starting from an analysis of the state monopoly, grounding the comprehnsions in the brazilian constitutions, the relevance of the creation of Petrobras for self-assertion of the state about the monopoly of Oil and derivatives, and its posture after the Constitutional Amendment nº 9 (1995), when a company stops having control of the state monopoly, beginning to compete in a fairly way with other companies. The market opening and private initiative are emphasized from the viewpoint of the Constitutional Principles of the Economical and Social Order. The relaxation of the monopoly regarding the exploratory activity in the Federal Constitution doesn't deprive from the Union the ownerships of underground goods, enabling to this federal entity to contract, directly or by concession of exploration of goods, to state-owned or private companies. The existing oil in the pre-salt layer transforms the scenario from very high risk to low risk, which gives the Union the possibility of defining another way of exploring this resources in the best interests of the Public Administration

DEVIDO PROCESSO LEGAL E PROCESSO ADMINISTRATIVO SANCIONADOR NAS AGÊNCIAS REGULADORAS

This paper discusses the growing attention that, over the last decades, has been given to the administrative procedure in Administrative Law, as it also highlights the procedures which are in tune with the new trappings of this legal field. It focuses on the sanctioning competence of regulatory agencies, notably what concerns the procedural guide that conditions its exercise. It aims at gathering varied elements, many times dispersed over the legal system, so it is possible to list, with a satisfactory degree of detail, the procedural constitutional guidelines which are indispensable to the sanctioning of private entities through punitive action by regulatory agencies. It highlights the due legal process clause, for the abundance of the protective set there is around it, as a guiding constitutional principle for the application of sanctions by regulatory agencies. It examines the repercussion of the constitutional principle of the due legal process on Administrative Law, focusing on the most relevant principles on which the first unfolds itself. It analyzes, in light of the due legal process principle, the sanctioning administrative procedure developed in regulatory agencies. In conclusion, it is asserted that there is no room, in the Brazilian legal system as a whole, for sanctions to be applied summarily; that there reigns, in our system, an absolute presumption, dictated by the Constitution, that only through regular procedures can the best and fairest decision, concerning cases in which the rights of private parties could be affected, be taken by the public administration; that, respecting the principle of the right to a fair hearing, it is indispensable that there be motivation of a decision that imposes a sanction; that there should be, in homage to the principle of full defense and for the need to preserve the autonomy of the regulatory party, an appeal court in every agency; that the principles listed in the federal law No. 9.784/1999 should be mandatorily monitored by the agencies, for this is the only alternative consistent with the Constitution

Animais não humanos: a construção da titularidade jurídica como novos sujeitos de direito

This work has the main goal on the recognition of the inherent value of nonhuman animals, under the constitutional framework. It is presented the main philosophical formulations of the current pattern of behavior that rules the relationship between man and animals: first those that have excluded animals from moral consideration and then the thinkers which do have included, in some way, in order to elucidate the origin of the anthropocentric thought over the natural world. In this way, the analysis these thinkers that have included animals in moral consideration will contribute to a paradigm change from the anthropocentric view, initiating legal debates. It will be made a simplified analysis of different philosophical and legal points of view that have been demonstrating the posture in which the human beings have been dealing with the environment, with the replacement of the anthropocentric thinking for the biocentric view, in which life becomes the center of existence. Life is life, no matter whether it is human or not, has a value in itself, and must be protected and respected by the legal system. Then, it will be analized the constitutionalization of the nonhuman animal dignity in comparative law; the infraconstitutional legislation which concerning the intrinsic value of all life forms and, finally, the 1988 Constitution. It will be advocated for non-human animals the condition of subjects, presenting some cases that the Habeas Corpus was used in animal defense. In this new Brazilian Habeas Corpus theory of for apes the argument of genetic proximity was used in order to overcome the literal meaning of natural person to achieve hominids in order to assure the fundamental right of physical freedom. It is realized that the fact that the great apes being recognized as a person does not preclude the possibility of other living beings be recognized as subjects of law. In this way, animals can be considered non-human subjects of law, according to the theory of depersonalized entities and may enjoy a legal category that allows a respect for existential minimum, and can hold constitutional fundamental rights

Democracia participativa e regulação econômica: uma questão de legitimidade

This work presents an analysis about the legitimation of independent regulatory commission`s rulemaking power by participation procedure. It is observed that political and administrative decentralization and fragmentation of State, with the purpose of approaching citizens and provide, more efficiently, the functions acquired by the passage of the Welfare State, leads to a deficit of legitimacy (democratic crisis), which is noticeable in the making of legal norms by directors of independent regulatory commission to regulate specific economic sector. However, we understand that this crisis stems from the observation of the contemporary world from dogmas and legal institutions of the eighteenth century, without their evolution and adaptation to the modern world. The legitimacy must be perceived as the justification of power, relation command /obedience, which, from the Modern State, has the democracy as standard. Therefore, just as the world has evolved and demanded political and administrative decentralization to accompany him, it is necessary to the development of the idea of representative democracy (formal legitimacy) to participatory democracy (legitimacy stuff). Legitimacy is not confused with the legality: as the legality is on observance to internal legal system, the "rules of play"; legitimacy, as inputs to be fed into this system, the selection of the different expectations in the environment. Nevertheless, the legitimacy will take place by legality, through introduction of rational and communicative procedures: procedures get fundamental importance because these will be the means to select the expectations to be introduced in the legal system in order to make decisions more fair, rational and qualified towards society. Thus, it is necessary to its opening to the environment for dialogue with the government. In this context, we try to make an analysis of constitutional norms based on systematic and teleological interpretation of these norms to build these arguments. According to the Constitution of 1988, participatory democracy is a result of the democratic principle (sole paragraph of art. 1 of the Constitution), and it is an expression of citizenship and political pluralism, both foundations of Republic (respectively Art. 1st, inc . V and II of the Constitution), as well as the national consciousness. From another point of view, that principle consists of an evolution in the management public affairs (principle of Republic). The right of interested participate in the rulemaking process derives both the principle of popular participation (part of the democratic principle) and the republican principle as the due process constitutional (art. 5, LIV and LV, CF/88) and the right to petition (Art . 5 °, inc. XXXIV, "a", CF/88), and it is the duty of the State not only be open to participation and encourage it. Ignoring stakeholder involvement in procedures and / or expressions compiled can be causes of invalidation of the rule of law produced by addiction of procedure, motive, motivation and/or because of the administrative act. Finally, we conclude that the involvement of stakeholders in the process of making rules within the independent regulatory commission is the legitimacy and the validity of rules; and that, despite of the expressions do not bind the decision making, they will enter the system as juridical fact, balancing the field of technical discretionary of agencies

Interpercepção: uma arquitetura de software para compartilhamento de ambientes virtuais com interfaces gráficas distintas

In this work, we propose the Interperception paradigm, a new approach that includes a set of rules and a software architecture for merge users from different interfaces in the same virtual environment. The system detects the user resources and provide transformations on the data in order to allow its visualization in 3D, 2D and textual (1D) interfaces. This allows any user to connect, access information, and exchange information with other users in a feasible way, without needs of changing hardware or software. As results are presented two virtual environments builded acording this paradigm

The present state and future prospects of the environment in Latin America and the Caribbean

Includes bibliography

Activities report of the initiative group of the working group on environmental statistics

Includes bibliography

Gerenciamento de resíduos como instrumentos de gestão ambiental em laboratórios de análises e pesquisa da área química. -

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Tutela penal do embrião humano in vitro: uma releitura à luz da proteção jurídica das dimensões da vida

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

Direito intertemporal no Código Florestal Brasileiro

Pós-graduação em Direito - FCHS

Política e gestão ambiental em áreas protegidas em São Luís – Maranhão: o parque ecológico da Lagoa da Jansen

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

O Conceito normativo de pessoa com deficiência para fins de reserva de vagas no mercado de trabalho

Esta dissertação analisa o conceito de pessoa com deficiência disposto na legislação nacional e internacional, perquirindo quem são os integrantes desse grupo vulnerável que possuem o direito às vagas reservadas ao mercado de trabalho, previsto na Constituição Federal de 1988 e nas Leis nº 8.112/90 e 8.213/91. Trata-se de uma pesquisa com enfoque na aplicação das ações afirmativas, especificamente o sistema de cotas, destinado à inclusão social das pessoas com deficiência. Verifica-se a existência de uma polêmica questão referente à relativa indeterminação de quem são os destinatários dessa medida. Assim, trazemos para o debate o conjunto normativo de leis, decretos e tratados internacionais que buscaram definir as pessoas com deficiência, entre os quais destacamos o Decreto nº 3.298/99 e a Convenção sobre os Direitos das Pessoas com Deficiência da ONU. Mas também analisamos as principais referências teóricas relacionadas ao universo da deficiência, ocasião na qual exploramos a evolução dos direitos humanos e fundamentais desse grupo, passando pelos principais paradigmas e reivindicações dos movimentos sociais, conhecendo assim quais são os alicerces de tais direitos e de que forma exigem o tratamento igualitário. Procuramos esclarecer e desfazer o imbróglio conceitual que se estabeleceu no sistema jurídico brasileiro ao longo dos últimos 25 anos, por meio da difusão das informações acima citadas. Visamos com isso possibilitar que as ações afirmativas cumpram certos requisitos de validade, entre os quais o dever de justiça e eficiência na redistribuição dos recursos fundamentais. Destacamos que o dever de inclusão social, bem como o sucesso das ações afirmativas, estão subordinados ao maior conhecimento sobre os direitos desse grupo, tanto por parte dos operadores do direito, como dos demais profissionais de outras áreas do saber, os quais devem trabalhar em conjunto para identificar quais fatos relevantes no contexto social tornam esse indivíduos vulnerabilizados e justificam a proteção estatal por meio do sistema de cotas.

O verde na selva de pedra: análise jurídica da proteção da vegetação na área urbana do município de Belém

O processo de urbanização com a concentração da maior parte da população mundial em cidades impõe novos desafios à organização de assentamentos humanos e à proteção ao meio ambiente, afetando adversamente a qualidade de vida das pessoas e a sustentabilidade ambiental, que inclui também o meio ambiente urbano. Dentre as muitas variáveis que interferem na sustentabilidade das cidades está a presença da vegetação urbana, mas que não possui tutela específica no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Nesse contexto, este trabalho objetiva definir o conteúdo jurídico da expressão “vegetação urbana” a partir da identificação e sistematização dos dispositivos legais existentes no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro que tutelem a flora no meio urbano no Município de Belém (PA). Utiliza o método dedutivo e a pesquisa documental. Problematiza os conceitos de cidade, urbano, sustentabilidade e qualidade de vida. Discorre sobre as competências constitucionais sobre direito ambiental e urbanístico a partir de 1988. Sistematiza as principais categorias jurídicas e não jurídicas utilizadas para definir e estudar a vegetação urbana, bem como apresenta um resumo de suas principais funções, evidenciando suas diferenças com o meio não-urbano e seu dinamismo, devendo a proteção da vegetação urbana ser entendida como um processo. Conclui que não há no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro definição que abarque todas as particularidades da vegetação urbana, mas há disposições em nível federal, estadual e municipal que a disciplina, mas estes dispositivos devem ser interpretados de acordo com particularidades e princípios que regem o espaço urbano, e à luz do federalismo cooperativo.