Accuracy in the experimental calorimetric study of the crystallization kinetics and predicitve transformation diagrams: Application to a Ga-Te amorphous alloy

The uncertainties inherent to experimental differential scanning calorimetric data are evaluated. A new procedure is developed to perform the kinetic analysis of continuous heating calorimetric data when the heat capacity of the sample changes during the crystallization. The accuracy of isothermal calorimetric data is analyzed in terms of the peak-to-peak noise of the calorimetric signal and base line drift typical of differential scanning calorimetry equipment. Their influence in the evaluation of the kinetic parameters is discussed. An empirical construction of the time-temperature and temperature heating rate transformation diagrams, grounded on the kinetic parameters, is presented. The method is applied to the kinetic study of the primary crystallization of Te in an amorphous alloy of nominal composition Ga20Te80, obtained by rapid solidification.

Ni-Mn-Ga thin films produced by pulsed laser deposition

Polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Ga thin films have been deposited by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique, using slices of a Ni-Mn-Ga single crystal as targets and onto Si (100) substrates at temperatures ranging from 673 K up to 973 K. Off-stoichiometry thin films were deposited at a base pressure of 1×10-6-Torr or in a 5 mTorr Ar atmosphere. Samples deposited in vacuum and temperatures above 823 K are magnetic at room temperature and show the austenitic {220} reflection in their x-ray diffraction patterns. The temperature dependences of both electrical resistance and magnetic susceptibility suggest that these samples exhibit a structural martensitic transition at around 260 K. The magnetoresistance ratio at low temperature can be as high as 1.3%, suggesting the existence of a granular structure in the films

Magnetic field induced entropy change and magnetoelasticity in Ni-Mn-Ga alloys

The magnetocaloric effect that originates from the martensitic transition in the ferromagnetic Ni-Mn-Gashape-memory alloy is studied. We show that this effect is controlled by the magnetostructural coupling at boththe martensitic variant and magnetic domain length scales. A large entropy change induced by moderatemagnetic fields is obtained for alloys in which the magnetic moment of the two structural phases is not verydifferent. We also show that this entropy change is not associated with the entropy difference between themartensitic and the parent phase arising from the change in the crystallographic structure which has beenfound to be independent of the magnetic field within this range of fields.

Synergistic action of GA-binding protein and glucocorticoid receptor in transcription from the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter.

B lymphocytes are among the first cells to be infected by mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV), and they play a crucial role in its life cycle. To study transcriptional regulation of MMTV in B cells, we have analyzed two areas of the long terminal repeat (LTR) next to the glucocorticoid receptor binding site, fp1 (at position -139 to -146 from the cap site) and fp2 (at -157 to -164). Both showed B-cell-specific protection in DNase I in vitro footprinting assays and contain binding sites for Ets transcription factors, a large family of proteins involved in cell proliferation and differentiation and oncogenic transformation. In gel retardation assays, fp1 and fp2 bound the heterodimeric Ets factor GA-binding protein (GABP) present in B-cell nuclear extracts, which was identified by various criteria: formation of dimers and tetramers, sensitivity to pro-oxidant conditions, inhibition of binding by specific antisera, and comigration of complexes with those formed by recombinant GABP. Mutations which prevented complex formation in vitro abolished glucocorticoid-stimulated transcription from an MMTV LTR linked to a reporter gene in transiently transfected B-cell lines, whereas they did not affect the basal level. Exogenously expressed GABP resulted in an increased level of hormone response of the LTR reporter plasmid and produced a synergistic effect with the coexpressed glucocorticoid receptor, indicating cooperation between the two. This is the first example of GABP cooperation with a steroid receptor, providing the opportunity for studying the integration of their intracellular signaling pathways.

Matriconditioning integrated with gibberellic acid to hasten seed germination and improve stand establishment of pepper and tomato

Emergence and stand establishment of tomato (Lycopersicon lycopersicum (L.) (Karsten ex Farw) and pepper (Capsicum annus L.) seeds are often slow and erratic, particularly under stress conditions. Field emergence trials sometimes have not responded to priming in pepper. This study examined the combined effects of matriconditioning and gibberellin application on the germination and stand establishment of pepper and tomato seeds. Pepper and tomato seeds were conditioned with a solid carrier, Micro Cel E, in the presence of gibberellic acid (GA) for 1, 2 , 3 and 4 days at 15 and 25ºC. The results showed that, in all cases, even under stress conditions, the combination of matriconditioning with GA was effective in improving germination and emergence of pepper and tomato. The germination time was, in average, reduced by 2 to 3 days by primed seeds. Thus, matriconditioning, during which germination is suspended, provides an unique means to rapidly and efficiently digest the endosperm by GA-induced enzymes and reduce the mechanical restraints of endosperm thus providing energy to start and sustain embryo growth.

Efeitos de materiais orgânicos e da umidade do solo na patogenicidade de Rhizoctonia solani Kühn GA-4 HGI ao feijoeiro

Foram avaliados, em casa de vegetação, os efeitos das seguintes variáveis sobre a patogenicidade de Rhizoctonia solani GA-4 HGI a plantas de feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), em solo artificialmente infestado: presença de materiais orgânicos com diferentes relações C:N (torta de mamona e bagaço de cana); níveis de decomposição da matéria orgânica, e condições de umidade do solo incorporado. A umidade do solo até o momento da semeadura foi mantida sob duas condições: 20% ou acima de 80% da capacidade de campo. Foram realizadas semeaduras aos 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias após inoculação e incorporação. As avaliações foram realizadas 14 dias após cada semeadura. O material com baixa relação C:N propiciou o aumento da incidência de R. solani no feijoeiro, enquanto o material com alta relação C:N não interferiu na incidência do patógeno. A incidência de R. solani no feijoeiro, em solo incorporado, foi independente da condição de umidade.

1937 47th GA Inaugural Address by Governor Kraschel, January 10, 1937

This is the Inaugural Address of Governor Krashcel to the 47th General Assembly.

1939 48th GA Inaugural Address by Governor Wilson, January 12, 1939

This is the Inaugural Address of Governor to the General Assembly.

1941 49th GA Inaugural Address by Governor Wilson, January 16, 1941

This is the Inaugural Address of Governor to the General Assembly.

1943 50th GA Inaugural Address by Governor Hickenlooper, January 14, 1943

This is the Inaugural Address of Governor to the General Assembly.

1945 51th GA Inaugural Address by Governor Blue, January 11, 1945

This is the Inaugural Address of Governor to the General Assembly.

1947 52th GA Inaugural Address by Governor Blue, January 16, 1947

This is the Inaugural Address of Governor to the General Assembly.

1949 53rd GA Inaugural Address by Governor Beardsley, January 13, 1947

This is the Inaugural Address of Governor to the General Assembly.