867 resultados para geographical location
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Maritime transport is the foundation for trade in the Baltic Sea area. It represents over 15% of the world’s cargo traffic and it is predicted to increase by over 100% in the future. There are currently over 2,000 ships sailing on the Baltic Sea and both the number and the size of ships have been growing in recent years. Due to the importance of maritime traffic in the Baltic Sea Region, ports have to be ready to face future challenges and adapt to the changing operational environment. The companies within the transportation industry – in this context ports, shipowners and logistics companies – compete continuously and although the number of companies in the business is not particularly substantial because the products offered are very similar, other motives for managing the supply chain arise. The factors creating competitive advantage are often financial and related to cost efficiency, but geographical location, road infrastructure in the hinterland and vessel connections are among the most important factors. The PENTA project focuses on adding openness, transparency and sharing knowledge and information, so that the challenges of the future can be better addressed with regard to cooperation. This report presents three scenario-based traffic forecasts for routes between the PENTA ports in 2020. The chosen methodology is PESTE, in which the focus in on economic factors affecting future traffic flows. The report further analyses the findings and results of the first PENTA WP2 report “Drivers of demand in cargo and passenger traffic between PENTA ports” and utilises the same material, which was obtained through interviews and mail surveys.
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The main objective of the study was to define the methodology for assessing the limits for application island grids instead of interconnecting with existing grid infrastructure. The model for simulation of grid extension distance and levelised cost of electricity has been developed and validated by the case study in Finland. Thereafter, sensitivities of the application limits were examined with the respect to operational environment, load conditions, supply security and geographical location. Finally, recommendations for the small-scale rural electrification projects in the market economy environment have been proposed.
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The thesis aims to build a coherent view and understanding of the innovation process and organizational technology adoption in Finnish bio-economy companies with a focus on innovations of a disruptive nature. Disruptive innovations are exceptional hence in order to create generalizations and a unified view of the subject the perspective is also on less radical innovations. Other interests of the thesis are how ideas are discovered and generated and how the nature of the innovation and size of the company affect the technology adoption and innovation process. The data was collected by interviewing six small and six large Finnish bio-economy companies. The results suggest companies regardless of size consider innovation as a core asset in the competitive markets. Organizations want to be considered innovators and early adopters yet these qualities are limited by certain, mainly resource-based factors. In addition the industry, scalability and Finland’s geographical location when seeking funding provide certain challenges. The innovation process may be considered relatively similar whether the idea or technology stems from an internal or external source suggesting the technology adoption process can in fact be linked to the innovation process theories. Thus the thesis introduces a new theoretical model which based on the results of the study and the theories of technology adoption and innovation process aims on characterizing how ideas and technology from both external and internal sources generate into innovations. The innovation process is in large bio-economy companies most often similar to or a modified version of the stage-gate model, while small companies generally have less structured processes. Nevertheless the more disruptive the innovation, the less it fits in the structured processes. This implies disruptive innovation cannot be put in a certain mould but it is rather processed case-by-case.
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Toisen jäte on toisen raaka-aine – Kierrätys ja uudelleenvalmistus taloudellisesti ja ekologisesti kestävänä liiketoimintamahdollisuutena Väitöskirjatutkimus tarkastelee kierrätystä ja uudelleenvalmistusta sekä siihen perustuvaa kierrätysliiketoimintaa taloudellisesti ja ekologisesti kestävänä liiketoimintamahdollisuutena. Tässä kestävyys tarkoittaa jätekysymysten ratkaisemista tavalla, joka mahdollistaa kestävän kehityksen periaatteiden mukaisen yhteiskunnan kehittymisen. Jätteisiin liittyvät taloudelliset ja ekolo- giset kysymykset ovat merkittävä yhteiskunnallinen haaste. Tämä luo tarpeen tutkimukselle, jonka lähtökohtana on jätekysymysten moniulotteinen tarkas- telu ja yksittäisen yrityksen toiminnan suhteuttaminen osaksi laajempaa kokonaisuutta. Tässä tutkimuksessa jätteen hyödyntämistä materiaalina lähestytään sekä empiirisesti yrityksen näkökulmasta että teoreettisesti systeemiajattelun tarjoamasta laajemmasta perspektiivistä. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on ymmär- tää kierrätystä ja uudelleenvalmistusta liiketoimintamahdollisuutena, niiden merkitystä yrityksessä, alueella ja kierrätystaloudessa sekä näiden vuorovai- kutteista suhdetta taloudelliseen ja ekologiseen kestävyyteen nähden. Tutki- muskysymys on tärkeä, koska siihen vastaamalla syvennetään ymmärrystä yrityksissä tapahtuvan kierrätyksen ja uudelleenvalmistuksen merkityksestä kestävämmän yhteiskunnan rakentumisessa. Tutkimuksen teoriaperusta pohjautuu teollisen ekologian kirjallisuuteen ja ekoteollisen kehityksen tutkimukseen. Kierrätysliiketoiminnan kestävyyden tarkastelu rakentuu tutkimuksessa teollisen ekologian ja ekoteollisen kehityk- sen lähtökohtana olevaan win-win-ajatteluun, jonka mukaan hyvä ympäristö- suorituskyky ja hyvä taloudellinen suorituskyky voivat vahvistaa toisiaan. Kierrätysliiketoiminnan teoreettisessa tarkastelussa keskeisiä elementtejä ovat kierrätystalouden malli, teollisen ekologian alueelliset systeemit, ekoteolliset verkostot ja yrityksen rooli teollista ekologiaa soveltavana toimijana. Tutki- muksen keskeisenä kontribuutiona on yritysnäkökulman integroiminen aiem- paa vahvemmin osaksi teollisen ekologian diskursseja. Kierrätysliiketoiminnan taloudelliseen ja ekologiseen kannattavuuteen ja sen myötä kestävyyteen liittyviä kysymyksiä on lähestytty tekemällä yritys- haastatteluja ja hyödyntämällä valmista haastatteluaineistoa. Tutkimusta varten haastattelin 10 kierrätysliiketoimintaa harjoittavaa yritystä vuosina 2007 ja 2008. Tämän lisäksi tutkimuksessa on hyödynnetty Turun ammatti- korkeakoulun ja Turku Science Parkin toteuttamassa RESU-hankkeessa (Kierrätysliiketoiminta ja resurssitehokkuus Varsinais-Suomen vahvuudeksi – RESU) vuosina 2013 ja 2014 kerättyä aineistoa. Hankkeessa haastateltiin yhteensä 25 jätemateriaalia hyödyntävää ja/tai tuottavaa yritystä. Aineistojen analysointimenetelmänä on sisällönanalyysi. Analyysin tulok- sena muodostettiin yhteensä viisi pääteemaa ja 12 alateemaa. Teemat kuvaavat kierrätysliiketoimintaa aiempaa moniulotteisemmin ja näin syventävät ymmär- rystä ilmiön merkityksestä kestävämmän yhteiskunnan rakentumisessa. Teolli- sen ekologian alaan kuuluvat kvalitatiiviset tutkimukset ovat melko harvinai- sia, joten tämän väitöstutkimuksen ilmeisenä vahvuutena on laadullisen tutkimusmenetelmän hyödyntäminen. Tutkimuksen tuloksena voidaan todeta, että kierrätystalouden kehittymistä edistävä kierrätysliiketoiminta on monimuotoista ja sisältää erilaisia liiketoi- mintamahdollisuuksia sekä arvoketjuja. Paikallistuntemus ja keskeinen sijainti jätemateriaalien tuottajien suhteen on tärkeä kriteeri kierrätysliiketoiminnassa, mutta jätemateriaaleja myös kuljetetaan pitkiä matkoja. Paikallisia tai alueelli- sia jätevirtoja hyödyntävä kierrätysliiketoiminta voi tukea alueellista kestä- vyyttä, mutta toisinaan myös keskitetty hyödyntäminen voi olla kestävä vaih- toehto. Yhteistyöverkostot ovat tärkeitä jätemateriaalin laadun ja saatavuuden näkökulmasta. Tutkimus osoittaa, että kierrätysliiketoimintaa harjoittavat yritykset ovat samalla sekä kierrätystalouden käytännön toimeenpanijoita että uuden toimintakulttuurin luojia. Tutkimuksen tulosten perusteella voidaan esittää johtopäätös, että kierrä- tysliiketoiminta on taloudellisesti ja ekologisesti kannattava liiketoimintamah- dollisuus. Win-win-ratkaisut eivät kuitenkaan takaa kierrätysliiketoiminnan kestävyyttä. Kierrätysliiketoiminnan kestävyyden arvioiminen edellyttää laajaa perspektiiviä ja toiminnan vaikutusten suhteuttamista mittakaavaan, ajalliseen ulottuvuuteen, interventioon ja sosiaalisiin kysymyksiin. Teolliseen ekologiaan perustuva kierrätysliiketoiminta luo mahdollisuuksia edistää kestävyyttä, joten tällä perusteella kierrätystä ja uudelleenvalmistusta voidaan pitää kestävänä liiketoimintamahdollisuutena. Avainsanat: kierrätysliiketoiminta, kierrätys, uudelleenvalmistus, systeemiajattelu, teollinen ekologia, ekoteollinen kehitys, kierrätystalous, win-win-ajattelu, kestävyys One company's waste is another's raw material –Recycling and remanufacturing as an economically and environmentally sustainable business opportunity The thesis investigates whether product recycling and remanufacturing can serve as a business opportunity that is economically and ecologically sustaina- ble. In this effort, my idea is to contribute to solving the waste issue in a manner that makes it possible to strive toward sustainable societal develop- ment. The economic and ecological questions associated with waste flows are a significant challenge. The complexity of the issue requires a multidimen- sional approach in which the operation of an individual company is viewed in the context of the larger societal system. In this thesis waste utilization as a resource with value is considered both from an empirical perspective on the firm as well as from a more general viewpoint offered by systems analysis. The objective of the thesis is to under- stand recycling and remanufacturing as a business opportunity. The thesis considers the meaning of recycling and remanufacturing for a single company, for the region the company is located and for the recycling economy. The objective of this study is important for it enhances the understanding of the product recycling and remanufacturing processes that take place within busi- ness organizations and how these processes affect societal sustainable development. The theoretical basis arises from industrial ecology and from the literature on eco-industrial development. The business-economic win-win situation and this vision serve as the basic position from which recycling business is inves- tigated in the thesis. In the theoretical discussion, key elements are recycling economy model, regional and local industrial ecosystems, eco-industrial networks and the role of a company as an actor that applies industrial ecology in practice. The main contribution of this study lies in integrating the company perspective more strongly into the industrial ecology discourses. The recycling business has been studied by conducting interviews in companies and by secondary analysis of an existing interview material. During 2007 and 2008 I made 10 interviews in companies that are active in recycling business. In addition, I used interview material gathered for the project “Recycling business and resource efficiency as the strength of Southwest Finland” (RESU) by Turku University of Applied Sciences and Turku Science Park during the period 2013–2014. This data covers altogether 25 businesses that either utilize and/or produce waste materials. The data has been analyzed using the content analysis method. This process led to the development of 5 main themes and 12 sub-themes. These themes describe the recycling business multi-dimensionally and thus understanding of the phenomenon and its role in building a sustainable society are substantially deepened in this research. In the field of industrial ecology qualitative studies are relatively rare and therefore the qualitative research approach is an evident strength of the thesis. The results show that the recycling business activity supporting recycling economy has diverse dimensions including various business opportunities and diverse value chains. The results show that for waste producers it is important to know the local situational factors and to have a central geographical location. Waste materials are, however, transported over long distances as well. The study indicates that local waste flow utilization can support regional sustainability, while occasionally a more centralized utilization can be sustain- able. Collaboration networks are important to secure the quality and availabil- ity of utilizable waste materials. The thesis demonstrates that the companies practicing recycling business serve simultaneously as actors that implement recycling economy and enhance a new operation culture within the business community. The overall conclusion of the thesis argues that recycling business is a business opportunity that can support both an economically and environmen- tally viable business operation. However, win-win solutions do not secure the sustainability of recycling business. The sustainability evaluation of recycling business requires a holistic systems perspective. The actions undertaken need to be considered with changing spatial and temporal system boundaries, societal intervention and placed in the context of relevant societal issues. Industrial ecology -based recycling business creates opportunities for sustain- ability and thus recycling and remanufacturing present an opportunity for sustainable business. Keywords: Recycling business; Recycling; Remanufacturing, Systems thinking; Industrial ecology; Eco-industrial development; Recycling Economy; Win-Win thinking; Sustainability
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Abstract: Research has primarily focused on depression and mood disorders, but little research has been devoted to an examination of mental health services use amongst those with diagnosable anxiety disorder (Wittchen et al., 2002; Bergeron et al., 2005). This study examined the possible predicting factors for mental health services utilization amongst those with identifiable anxiety disorder in the Canadian population. The methods used for this study was the application of Andersen’s Behavioral Model of Health Services Use, where predisposing, need and enabling characteristics were regressed on the dependent variable of mental health services use. This study used the Canadian Community Health Survey (cycle 1.2: Mental Health and Well-Being) in a secondary data analysis. Several multiple logistics models predicted the likelihood to seek and use mental health services. Predisposing characteristics of gender and age, Enabling characteristics of education and geographical location, and those with co-occurring mood disorders were at the greatest increased likelihood to seek and use mental health services.
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"Weathering a Hidden Storm": An App~ication of Andersen's Behaviora~ Mode~ of Hea~th, and Hea~th Services Use for Those With Diagnosab~e Anxiety Disorder Research has primarily focused on depression and mood disorders, but little research has been devoted to an examination of mental health services use amongst those with diagnosable anxiety disorder (Wittchen et al., 2002; Bergeron et al., 2005). This study examined the possible predicting factors for mental health services utilization amongst those with identifiable anxiety disorder in the Canadian population. The methods used for this study was the application of Andersen's Behavioral Model of Health Services Use, where predisposing, need and enabling 111 characteristics were regressed on the dependent variable of mental health services use. This study used the Canadian Community Health Survey (cycle 1.2: Mental Health and Well- Being) in a secondary data analysis. Several multiple logistics models predicted the likelihood to seek and use mental health services. Predisposing characteristics of gender and age, Enabling characteristics of education and geographical location, and those with co-occurring mood disorders were at the greatest increased likelihood to seek and use mental health services.
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The aim of this thesis is to explore the relationship between imagery, technology, and remote adult Aboriginal teacher candidates through the computer software Elluminate Live. It focuses on the implications that the role imagery plays in third generation distance education with these learners and the new media associated therein. The thesis honours the Medicine Wheel teachings and is presented within this cyclical framework that reflects Indigenous philosophies and belief systems. In accordance, Sharing Circle as methodology is used to keep the research culturally grounded, and tenets of narrative inquiry further support the study. Results indicate there are strong connections to curricula enhanced with imagery—most notably a spiritual connection. Findings also reveal that identity associated to geographical location is significant, as are supportive networks. Third generation distance education, such as Elluminate Live, needs to be addressed before Aboriginal communities open the doors to all it encompasses, and although previous literature peers into various elements, this study delves into why the graphical interface resonates with members of these communities. Of utmost importance is the insight this thesis lends to the pedagogy that may possibly evoke a transformative learning process contributing to the success rate of Aboriginal learners and benefit Aboriginal communities as a whole.
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Résumé Objectif : Identifier les facteurs institutionnels qui influencent la mortalité maternelle (MM) hospitalière dans les maternités chirurgicales au Sénégal. Méthode : cette étude est une analyse secondaire des données de la troisième Enquête Nationale sur la Couverture Obstétrico-chirurgicale au Sénégal en 2001. Les données analysées, issues des fiches d'activité des maternités, comptaient pour 38,239 admissions en obstétrique dans 19 hôpitaux et 450 décès maternels. Les taux de mortalité maternelle hospitalière (TMMH) brut et ajusté ont été utilisés comme variables dépendantes. Le TMMH ajusté sur les caractéristiques de la clientèle ('cases-mix') a été estimé pour chaque établissement de santé par la méthode de standardisation directe. Les indicateurs de la qualité des structures, de la gestion des ressources, et un score de qualité ont été utilisés comme variables indépendantes pour prédire la MM hospitalière. Les tests de Mann-Whitney et de Kruskal-Wallis ont été utilisés pour analyser l’association entre les variables indépendantes, le score de qualité et la MM. Une analyse multivariée a été utilisée pour estimer l’impact du score de qualité sur la MM, en tenant compte de la situation géographique (Dakar versus autre région).Résultats: En analyse bivariée, la présence d'anesthésiste, la disponibilité de boîtes de césarienne complète et la supervision de tous les accouchements par du personnel qualifié sont les facteurs institutionnels associés significativement à une réduction du TMMH brut. Quant au TMMH ajusté ce sont la présence de scialytique, la disponibilité du sulfate de magnésium, l'utilisation des guides de pratiques cliniques (GPC) pour la prise en charge des complications obstétricales. Le score de qualité est associé significativement au TMMH brut, y compris en analyse multivariée, mais pas au TMMH ajusté. Conclusion : La disponibilité du Sulfate de magnésium, et du scialytique pourrait contribuer à la réduction de la MM. En complément, une réorganisation adéquate des ressources pour réduire la disparité géographique rurale/urbaine est essentielle ainsi qu’une sensibilisation du personnel à l’usage des GPC. De plus, l’assistance par un personnel qualifié de tous les accouchements est nécessaire pour améliorer la qualité des soins et la prise en charge des complications obstétricales.
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Le 11 septembre 1973, un coup d’État orchestré par les Forces Armées chiliennes met fin à trois années de gouvernement socialiste dirigé par Salvador Allende. Augusto Pinochet, à la tête du putsch, installe au pouvoir une violente dictature militaire pour dix-sept ans. Événement synonyme de trauma et instigateur d’une période répressive, ou sauvetage national venant freiner la descente aux enfers socialistes? La mémoire de la société chilienne demeure fragmentée vis-à-vis de son passé récent. Cette étude cherche à définir la transmission intergénérationnelle de la mémoire du passé répressif. Menée sur deux fronts, soit à Santiago et à Montréal, la présente recherche s’applique à établir quelles sont les interprétations du passé récent de la génération « postmémoire », c’est-à-dire des personnes nées peu avant ou durant la dictature. Les représentations, les perceptions, ainsi que les canaux d’apprentissage seront mis en perspective selon le territoire, afin de dégager les discours communs et antagonistes. Prenant assise sur des sources orales, ce mémoire présentera les différentes versions du passé selon vingt-huit témoignages.
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La présente étude a comme objectif d’analyser l’intégration linguistique des immigrants au marché du travail au Québec et les facteurs qui y sont associés. Nous le réalisons en examinant la place du français dans les pratiques linguistiques de la main-d’œuvre immigrée au travail. Nous constatons qu’au Québec, en 2007, environ la moitié des immigrants travaillent uniquement ou généralement en français, un quart a régulièrement recours à cette langue dans le cadre de son travail, alors que l’autre quart l’utilise occasionnellement ou ne l’utilise jamais au travail. Nos analyses permettent également d’estimer les effets bruts et nets des nombreux facteurs de l’usage du français au travail par les immigrants. Nous montrons que ce sont les facteurs linguistiques de l’entreprise, de l’entourage et du répondant lui-même qui se manifestent comme des déterminants importants de la langue de travail de celui-ci. Parmi les caractéristiques de l’entreprise, c’est la langue de sa haute direction qui, à travers des politiques d’embauche et des politiques internes, détermine en partie les pratiques linguistiques des travailleurs. La composition linguistique de l’entourage de l’immigrant au travail qui comprend son supérieur immédiat et ses collègues a, elle aussi, un impact important sur la langue employée au travail par celui-ci. Plus cet entourage est composé des personnes de langue maternelle française, plus le travailleur immigré utilisera cette langue au travail. Parmi les caractéristiques individuelles du répondant, sa langue d’études et ses compétences linguistiques ressortent. Les immigrants ayant une bonne connaissance du français l’emploient plus au travail que ceux en ayant une faible connaissance. En revanche, la connaissance de l’anglais a un impact négatif sur l’usage du français au travail. Selon nos analyses, parmi les facteurs non linguistiques qui sont associés significativement à la langue de travail des immigrants, il y a la localisation géographique de l’entreprise, l’origine des travailleurs immigrés, leur profession et l’âge à leur arrivée au Québec.
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Les cartes sur ce document ont été toutes conçues par l'auteur avec la logiciel ARCGIS version 9.3.
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Metapenaeus dobsoni (Miers) is the most abundant species along the coast of Kerala. It is cultured extensively by adoption of traditional farming practices. The geographical location and water source determines the seasonal and annual environmental fluctuations the prawn farming systems experiences. The life cycle of the shrimp includes its migration to the coastal deeper waters for spawning and the immigration of larvae to the estuaries for growth. The survival of the species in such complex ecosystems is thus critical to its life cycle. The animal adapts itself to different environments through a physiological process known as osmoregulation. The present study on osmoregulation in the penaeid prawn Metapenaeus dobsoni was thus undertaken to understand the mechanism adopted by this species to survive in different environments. A number of experimental work have been conducted to understand the effect of salinity on the internal variations. However the effect of the complex environmental conditions as existent in nature on the osmotic variations in this species has not been dealt with in any of the earlier studies.
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El departamento de Cundinamarca cuenta con una gran riqueza agrícola a lo largo de su extensión territorial. Su ubicación geográfica lo hace poseedor de múltiples escenarios óptimos para la siembra de un sinnúmero de frutas y hortalizas que juegan un impacto importante en la economía de la región. En este trabajo de grado se analiza específicamente la situación económica y social que rodea al cultivo del mango en las provincias del Tequendama y Alto Magdalena partiendo de la caracterización de este producto agrícola y de la región e implementando la guía del manual de minicadenas productivas de la ONUDI. El objetivo principal inicial del proyecto de investigación era realizar una propuesta para el desarrollo de un clúster frutícola en el Departamento de Cundinamarca, sin embargo, en la elaboración del documento principal de este proyecto fue posible determinar que aún no se cuentan con los factores necesarios para desarrollar un modelo asociativo de esta índole, los problemas sociales y de comercialización representan grandes obstáculos para su creación. Aquí se presentará un modelo de asociación basado en la estructura ejemplar de la Federación Nacional de Cafeteros de Colombia y un modelo de comercialización diseñado congruentemente con las necesidades y desafíos que se evidencian en la región, cuya implementación dependerá de la iniciativa de organismos gubernamentales, comerciales o educativos que logren ver en el proyecto, tal como nosotros lo hicimos, un gran potencial.
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Desde el año 2000 el idilio China-África está marcado principalmente por un foro de cooperación, mecanismo de diálogo y cooperación colectiva ideado por China. Sin embargo, destaca que esta relación ha evolucionado en función de los intereses estratégicos de los chinos. China se inserta en los circuitos económico-comerciales africanos de manera metódica y decidida. A diferencia de sus competidores (Estados Unidos, Unión Europea, Canadá, Japón, etc.), que actúan en África de manera preferencial, China invierte en todos los países africanos sin ninguna excepción, sin importar su régimen político, su situación económico-financiera o su ubicación geográfica. Sin embargo, la voracidad energética china se ha vuelto objeto de preocupación en el Consejo de Seguridad de Naciones Unidas, sobre todo por su ofensiva por acaparar el mercado petrolero africano. Puede afirmarse que el actuar chino en África es una expresión de su pragmatismo económico-comercial, con efectos colaterales negativos para la integración y el desarrollo de África.-----Since 2000, the relationship between China and Africa is growing up because of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC) which is a collective mechanism of dialogue and cooperation. Meanwhile, it’s important to mention that this relationship has increased regarding the Chinese strategic interests in Africa. China is getting inside the African economic and trade networks in a methodic and aggressive way. Differently from his competitors (USA, EU, Canada, Japan...) which only seem to use Africa, China invests in all the African countries without looking at their economical or financial situation, neither their geographical location. The energetical voracity of China has become a real issue at the United Nations Security Council, especially for the Chinese strike in the African petroleum market. For many reasons, we can affirm that the way China is acting in Africa is only the expression of its economical and trade pragmatism, which also has got negative results in the african development and integration process.
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A través de la elaboración de un análisis de mercado, de la situación actual del producto a exportar a nivel mundial y del sector agrícola tanto Colombiano como Japonés, y tomando como referente las diversas teorías de comercio internacional, se logra establecer un plan de negocio viable, en donde se define la forma correcta y factible de llevar a cabo el proceso de exportación, y de esta manera lograr el posicionamiento de un fruto exótico colombiano en el exterior. A partir del análisis realizado al sector agrícola Colombiano y Japonés, y teniendo en cuenta la situación actual de la pitahaya amarilla a nivel mundial, se logró identificar el comportamiento de la oferta y la demanda de este fruto, y la frecuencia con la que se realizan las exportaciones, con el fin de establecer las necesidades del mercado de Japón y aprovechar la ventaja comparativa que Colombia tiene frente a este país para poder suplir el mercado. Ante la indiscutible escasez de frutos exóticos como lo es la pitahaya amarilla en un país como Japón, dadas las condiciones geográficas con las que cuenta, y al ser este uno de los productos más apetecidos en esta sociedad, fue el motivo por el cual este país se escogió como destino para realizar el proceso de exportación. Adicional a esto, la ubicación geográfica de ambos países, y sus regulaciones y normas internacionales, hacen posible y viable la ejecución del presente estudio.