Análisis de las herramientas ORCC y Vivado HLS para la Síntesis de Modelos de Flujo de Datos RVC-CAL

En este Proyecto Fin de Grado se ha realizado un estudio de cómo generar, a partir de modelos de flujo de datos en RVC-CAL (Reconfigurable Video Coding – CAL Actor Language), modelos VHDL (Versatile Hardware Description Language) mediante Vivado HLS (Vivado High Level Synthesis), incluida en las herramientas disponibles en Vivado de Xilinx. Una vez conseguido el modelo VHDL resultante, la intención es que mediante las herramientas de Xilinx se programe en una FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) o el dispositivo Zynq también desarrollado por Xilinx. RVC-CAL es un lenguaje de flujo de datos que describe la funcionalidad de bloques funcionales, denominados actores. Las funcionalidades que desarrolla un actor se definen como acciones, las cuales pueden ser diferentes en un mismo actor. Los actores pueden comunicarse entre sí y formar una red de actores o network. Con Vivado HLS podemos obtener un diseño VHDL a partir de un modelo en lenguaje C. Por lo que la generación de modelos en VHDL a partir de otros en RVC-CAL, requiere una fase previa en la que los modelos en RVC-CAL serán compilados para conseguir su equivalente en lenguaje C. El compilador ORCC (Open RVC-CAL Compiler) es la herramienta que nos permite lograr diseños en lenguaje C partiendo de modelos en RVC-CAL. ORCC no crea directamente el código ejecutable, sino que genera un código fuente disponible para ser compilado por otra herramienta, en el caso de este proyecto, el compilador GCC (Gnu C Compiler) de Linux. En resumen en este proyecto nos encontramos con tres puntos de estudio bien diferenciados, los cuales son: 1. Partimos de modelos de flujo de datos en RVC-CAL, los cuales son compilados por ORCC para alcanzar su traducción en lenguaje C. 2. Una vez conseguidos los diseños equivalentes en lenguaje C, son sintetizados en Vivado HLS para conseguir los modelos en VHDL. 3. Los modelos VHDL resultantes serian manipulados por las herramientas de Xilinx para producir el bitstream que sea programado en una FPGA o en el dispositivo Zynq. En el estudio del segundo punto, nos encontramos con una serie de elementos conflictivos que afectan a la síntesis en Vivado HLS de los diseños en lenguaje C generados por ORCC. Estos elementos están relacionados con la manera que se encuentra estructurada la especificación en C generada por ORCC y que Vivado HLS no puede soportar en determinados momentos de la síntesis. De esta manera se ha propuesto una transformación “manual” de los diseños generados por ORCC que afecto lo menos posible a los modelos originales para poder realizar la síntesis con Vivado HLS y crear el fichero VHDL correcto. De esta forma este documento se estructura siguiendo el modelo de un trabajo de investigación. En primer lugar, se exponen las motivaciones y objetivos que apoyan y se esperan lograr en este trabajo. Seguidamente, se pone de manifiesto un análisis del estado del arte de los elementos necesarios para el desarrollo del mismo, proporcionando los conceptos básicos para la correcta comprensión y estudio del documento. Se realiza una descripción de los lenguajes RVC-CAL y VHDL, además de una introducción de las herramientas ORCC y Vivado, analizando las bondades y características principales de ambas. Una vez conocido el comportamiento de ambas herramientas, se describen las soluciones desarrolladas en nuestro estudio de la síntesis de modelos en RVC-CAL, poniéndose de manifiesto los puntos conflictivos anteriormente señalados que Vivado HLS no puede soportar en la síntesis de los diseños en lenguaje C generados por el compilador ORCC. A continuación se presentan las soluciones propuestas a estos errores acontecidos durante la síntesis, con las cuales se pretende alcanzar una especificación en C más óptima para una correcta síntesis en Vivado HLS y alcanzar de esta forma los modelos VHDL adecuados. Por último, como resultado final de este trabajo se extraen un conjunto de conclusiones sobre todos los análisis y desarrollos acontecidos en el mismo. Al mismo tiempo se proponen una serie de líneas futuras de trabajo con las que se podría continuar el estudio y completar la investigación desarrollada en este documento. ABSTRACT. In this Project it has made a study of how to generate, from data flow models in RVC-CAL (Reconfigurable Video Coding - Actor CAL Language), VHDL models (Versatile Hardware Description Language) by Vivado HLS (Vivado High Level Synthesis), included in the tools available in Vivado of Xilinx. Once achieved the resulting VHDL model, the intention is that by the Xilinx tools programmed in FPGA or Zynq device also developed by Xilinx. RVC-CAL is a dataflow language that describes the functionality of functional blocks, called actors. The functionalities developed by an actor are defined as actions, which may be different in the same actor. Actors can communicate with each other and form a network of actors. With Vivado HLS we can get a VHDL design from a model in C. So the generation of models in VHDL from others in RVC-CAL requires a preliminary phase in which the models RVC-CAL will be compiled to get its equivalent in C. The compiler ORCC (Open RVC-CAL Compiler) is the tool that allows us to achieve designs in C language models based on RVC-CAL. ORCC not directly create the executable code but generates an available source code to be compiled by another tool, in the case of this project, the GCC compiler (GNU C Compiler) of Linux. In short, in this project we find three well-defined points of study, which are: 1. We start from data flow models in RVC-CAL, which are compiled by ORCC to achieve its translation in C. 2. Once you realize the equivalent designs in C, they are synthesized in Vivado HLS for VHDL models. 3. The resulting models VHDL would be manipulated by Xilinx tools to produce the bitstream that is programmed into an FPGA or Zynq device. In the study of the second point, we find a number of conflicting elements that affect the synthesis Vivado HLS designs in C generated by ORCC. These elements are related to the way it is structured specification in C generated ORCC and Vivado HLS cannot hold at certain times of the synthesis. Thus it has proposed a "manual" transformation of designs generated by ORCC that affected as little as possible to the original in order to perform the synthesis Vivado HLS and create the correct file VHDL models. Thus this document is structured along the lines of a research. First, the motivations and objectives that support and hope to reach in this work are presented. Then it shows an analysis the state of the art of the elements necessary for its development, providing the basics for a correct understanding and study of the document. A description of the RVC-CAL and VHDL languages is made, in addition an introduction of the ORCC and Vivado tools, analyzing the advantages and main features of both. Once you know the behavior of both tools, the solutions developed in our study of the synthesis of RVC-CAL models, introducing the conflicting points mentioned above are described that Vivado HLS cannot stand in the synthesis of design in C language generated by ORCC compiler. Below the proposed solutions to these errors occurred during synthesis, with which it is intended to achieve optimum C specification for proper synthesis Vivado HLS and thus create the appropriate VHDL models are presented. Finally, as the end result of this work a set of conclusions on all analyzes and developments occurred in the same are removed. At the same time a series of future lines of work which could continue to study and complete the research developed in this document are proposed.

The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel group randomized trials

To comprehend the results of a randomized controlled trial (RCT), readers must understand its design, conduct, analysis and interpretation. That goal can only be achieved through complete transparency from authors. Despite several decades of educational efforts, the reporting of RCTs needs improvement. Investigators and editors developed the original CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) statement to help authors improve reporting by using a checklist and flow diagram. The revised CONSORT statement presented in this paper incorporates new evidence and addresses some criticisms of the original statement.

Desenvolvimento de sistema automatizado de monitoramento de ambientes de produção animal, utilizando uma rede de sensores sem fio

As redes de sensores sem fio, aplicadas à automação do controle de ambientes representam um paradigma emergente da computação, onde múltiplos nós providos de sensores, sistemas computacionais autônomos e capacidade de comunicação sem fio, conformam uma rede cuja topologia altamente dinâmica permite adquirir informações sobre sistemas complexos sendo monitorados. Um dos fatores essenciais para obter um ganho na produtividade avícola é o controle da ambiência animal. Atualmente os métodos utilizados para o monitoramento e controle ambiental não podem considerar a grande quantidade de microambientes internos nos ambientes de produção animal e também requerem infraestruturas cabeadas complexas. Dentro desse contexto o objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver e testar um sistema automatizado de controle ambiental, através da utilização de sensores sem fio, que auxilie e proporcione maior segurança no controle de ambientes automatizados. O sistema monitora variáveis que influenciam na produtividade de aves, tais como temperatura e umidade e outras variáveis físico-químicas do aviário. A infraestrutura desenvolvida foi testada em um aviário experimental e resultou em um sistema seguro e com grande escalabilidade, que é capaz de controlar e monitorar o ambiente e ainda coletar e gravar dados. Foi utilizado o protocolo ZigBee® para gerenciar o fluxo de dados do sistema. Foram feitas análises da eficiência de comunicação do sistema no aviário, monitorando os pacotes de dados perdidos. Os testes demonstraram uma perda de dados de aproximadamente 2% dos pacotes enviados, demonstrando a eficiência das redes ZigBee® para gerenciar o fluxo de dados no interior do aviário. Desta forma, pode-se concluir que é possível e viável a implantação de uma rede ZigBee®, para automatizar ambientes de produção animal com coleta de dados em tempo real, utilizando um sistema integrado via internet, que compreende: instrumentação eletrônica, comunicação sem fio e engenharia de software\".

S-SETA: Selective Software-Only Error-Detection Technique Using Assertions

Software-based techniques offer several advantages to increase the reliability of processor-based systems at very low cost, but they cause performance degradation and an increase of the code size. To meet constraints in performance and memory, we propose SETA, a new control-flow software-only technique that uses assertions to detect errors affecting the program flow. SETA is an independent technique, but it was conceived to work together with previously proposed data-flow techniques that aim at reducing performance and memory overheads. Thus, SETA is combined with such data-flow techniques and submitted to a fault injection campaign. Simulation and neutron induced SEE tests show high fault coverage at performance and memory overheads inferior to the state-of-the-art.

Towards complete and accurate reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy: the STARD initiative

Objective To improve the accuracy and completeness of reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy, to allow readers to assess the potential for bias in a study, and to evaluate a study's generalisability. Methods The Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) steering committee searched the literature to identify publications on the appropriate conduct and reporting of diagnostic studies and extracted potential items into an extensive list. Researchers, editors, and members of professional organisations shortened this list during a two day consensus meeting, with the goal of developing a checklist and a generic flow diagram for studies of diagnostic accuracy. Results The search for published guidelines about diagnostic research yielded 33 previously published checklists, from which we extracted a list of 75 potential items. At the consensus meeting, participants shortened the list to a 25 item checklist, by using evidence, whenever available. A prototype of a flow diagram provides information about the method of patient recruitment, the order of test execution, and the numbers of patients undergoing the test under evaluation and the reference standard, or both. Conclusions Evaluation of research depends on complete and accurate reporting. If medical journals adopt the STARD checklist and flow diagram, the quality of reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy should improve to the advantage of clinicians, researchers, reviewers, journals, and the public.

The STARD statement for reporting studies of diagnostic accuracy: Explanation and elaboration

The quality of reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy is less than optimal. Complete and accurate reporting is necessary to enable readers to assess the potential for bias in the study and to evaluate the generalisability of the results. A group of scientists and editors has developed the STARD (Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy) statement to improve the reporting the quality of reporting of studies of diagnostic accuracy. The statement consists of a checklist of 25 items and flow diagram that authors can use to ensure that all relevant information is present. This explanatory document aims to facilitate the use, understanding and dissemination of the checklist. The document contains a clarification of the meaning, rationale and optimal use of each item on the checklist, as well as a short summary of the available evidence on bias and applicability. The STARD statement, checklist, flowchart and this explanation and elaboration document should be useful resources to improve reporting of diagnostic accuracy studies. Complete and informative reporting can only lead to better decisions in healthcare.

How do practitioners use conceptual modeling in practice?

Much research has been devoted over the years to investigating and advancing the techniques and tools used by analysts when they model. As opposed to what academics, software providers and their resellers promote as should be happening, the aim of this research was to determine whether practitioners still embraced conceptual modeling seriously. In addition, what are the most popular techniques and tools used for conceptual modeling? What are the major purposes for which conceptual modeling is used? The study found that the top six most frequently used modeling techniques and methods were ER diagramming, data flow diagramming, systems flowcharting, workflow modeling, UML, and structured charts. Modeling technique use was found to decrease significantly from smaller to medium-sized organizations, but then to increase significantly in larger organizations (proxying for large, complex projects). Technique use was also found to significantly follow an inverted U-shaped curve, contrary to some prior explanations. Additionally, an important contribution of this study was the identification of the factors that uniquely influence the decision of analysts to continue to use modeling, viz., communication (using diagrams) to/from stakeholders, internal knowledge (lack of) of techniques, user expectations management, understanding models' integration into the business, and tool/software deficiencies. The highest ranked purposes for which modeling was undertaken were database design and management, business process documentation, business process improvement, and software development. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Computer control of machines utilising independent drive mechanisms

The thesis describes an investigation into methods for the specification, design and implementation of computer control systems for flexible manufacturing machines comprising multiple, independent, electromechanically-driven mechanisms. An analysis is made of the elements of conventional mechanically-coupled machines in order that the operational functions of these elements may be identified. This analysis is used to define the scope of requirements necessary to specify the format, function and operation of a flexible, independently driven mechanism machine. A discussion of how this type of machine can accommodate modern manufacturing needs of high-speed and flexibility is presented. A sequential method of capturing requirements for such machines is detailed based on a hierarchical partitioning of machine requirements from product to independent drive mechanism. A classification of mechanisms using notations, including Data flow diagrams and Petri-nets, is described which supports capture and allows validation of requirements. A generic design for a modular, IDM machine controller is derived based upon hierarchy of control identified in these machines. A two mechanism experimental machine is detailed which is used to demonstrate the application of the specification, design and implementation techniques. A computer controller prototype and a fully flexible implementation for the IDM machine, based on Petri-net models described using the concurrent programming language Occam, is detailed. The ability of this modular computer controller to support flexible, safe and fault-tolerant operation of the two intermittent motion, discrete-synchronisation independent drive mechanisms is presented. The application of the machine development methodology to industrial projects is established.

Metrics and models to support the development of hybrid information systems

The research described here concerns the development of metrics and models to support the development of hybrid (conventional/knowledge based) integrated systems. The thesis argues from the point that, although it is well known that estimating the cost, duration and quality of information systems is a difficult task, it is far from clear what sorts of tools and techniques would adequately support a project manager in the estimation of these properties. A literature review shows that metrics (measurements) and estimating tools have been developed for conventional systems since the 1960s while there has been very little research on metrics for knowledge based systems (KBSs). Furthermore, although there are a number of theoretical problems with many of the `classic' metrics developed for conventional systems, it also appears that the tools which such metrics can be used to develop are not widely used by project managers. A survey was carried out of large UK companies which confirmed this continuing state of affairs. Before any useful tools could be developed, therefore, it was important to find out why project managers were not using these tools already. By characterising those companies that use software cost estimating (SCE) tools against those which could but do not, it was possible to recognise the involvement of the client/customer in the process of estimation. Pursuing this point, a model of the early estimating and planning stages (the EEPS model) was developed to test exactly where estimating takes place. The EEPS model suggests that estimating could take place either before a fully-developed plan has been produced, or while this plan is being produced. If it were the former, then SCE tools would be particularly useful since there is very little other data available from which to produce an estimate. A second survey, however, indicated that project managers see estimating as being essentially the latter at which point project management tools are available to support the process. It would seem, therefore, that SCE tools are not being used because project management tools are being used instead. The issue here is not with the method of developing an estimating model or tool, but; in the way in which "an estimate" is intimately tied to an understanding of what tasks are being planned. Current SCE tools are perceived by project managers as targetting the wrong point of estimation, A model (called TABATHA) is then presented which describes how an estimating tool based on an analysis of tasks would thus fit into the planning stage. The issue of whether metrics can be usefully developed for hybrid systems (which also contain KBS components) is tested by extending a number of "classic" program size and structure metrics to a KBS language, Prolog. Measurements of lines of code, Halstead's operators/operands, McCabe's cyclomatic complexity, Henry & Kafura's data flow fan-in/out and post-release reported errors were taken for a set of 80 commercially-developed LPA Prolog programs: By re~defining the metric counts for Prolog it was found that estimates of program size and error-proneness comparable to the best conventional studies are possible. This suggests that metrics can be usefully applied to KBS languages, such as Prolog and thus, the development of metncs and models to support the development of hybrid information systems is both feasible and useful.

Green supply chain performance measurement using fuzzy ANP-based balanced scorecard:a collaborative decision-making approach

The purpose of this paper is to delineate a green supply chain (GSC) performance measurement framework using an intra-organisational collaborative decision-making (CDM) approach. A fuzzy analytic network process (ANP)-based green-balanced scorecard (GrBSc) has been used within the CDM approach to assist in arriving at a consistent, accurate and timely data flow across all cross-functional areas of a business. A green causal relationship is established and linked to the fuzzy ANP approach. The causal relationship involves organisational commitment, eco-design, GSC process, social performance and sustainable performance constructs. Sub-constructs and sub-sub-constructs are also identified and linked to the causal relationship to form a network. The fuzzy ANP approach suitably handles the vagueness of the linguistics information of the CDM approach. The CDM approach is implemented in a UK-based carpet-manufacturing firm. The performance measurement approach, in addition to the traditional financial performance and accounting measures, aids in firms decision-making with regard to the overall organisational goals. The implemented approach assists the firm in identifying further requirements of the collaborative data across the supply-cain and information about customers and markets. Overall, the CDM-based GrBSc approach assists managers in deciding if the suppliers performances meet the industry and environment standards with effective human resource. © 2013 Taylor & Francis.

Monetary cost -efficient query distribution in ISDN -connected heterogeneous databases

Current technology permits connecting local networks via high-bandwidth telephone lines. Central coordinator nodes may use Intelligent Networks to manage data flow over dialed data lines, e.g. ISDN, and to establish connections between LANs. This dissertation focuses on cost minimization and on establishing operational policies for query distribution over heterogeneous, geographically distributed databases. Based on our study of query distribution strategies, public network tariff policies, and database interface standards we propose methods for communication cost estimation, strategies for the reduction of bandwidth allocation, and guidelines for central to node communication protocols. Our conclusion is that dialed data lines offer a cost effective alternative for the implementation of distributed database query systems, and that existing commercial software may be adapted to support query processing in heterogeneous distributed database systems. ^

Extensões na arquitetura SDN para o provisionamento de QoS através do monitoramento e uso de múltiplos caminhos

The substantial increase in the number of applications offered through the computer networks, as well as in the volume of traffic forwarded through the network, have hampered to assure adequate service level to users. The Quality of Service (QoS) offer, honoring specified parameters in Service Level Agreements (SLA), established between the service providers and their clients, composes a traditional and extensive computer networks’ research area. Several schemes proposals for the provision of QoS were presented in the last three decades, but the acting scope of these proposals is always limited due to some factors, including the limited development of the network hardware and software, generally belonging to a single manufacturer. The advent of Software Defined Networking (SDN), along with the maturation of its main materialization, the OpenFlow protocol, allowed the decoupling between network hardware and software, through an architecture which provides a control plane and a data plane. This eases the computer networks scenario, allowing that new abstractions are applied in the hardware composing the data plane, through the development of new software pieces which are executed in the control plane. This dissertation investigates the QoS offer through the use and extension of the SDN architecture. Based on the proposal of two new modules, one to perform the data plane monitoring, SDNMon, and the second, MP-ROUTING, developed to determine the use of multiple paths in the forwarding of data referring to a flow, we demonstrated in this work that some QoS metrics specified in the SLAs, such as bandwidth, can be honored. Both modules were implemented and evaluated through a prototype. The evaluation results referring to several aspects of both proposed modules are presented in this dissertation, showing the obtained accuracy of the monitoring module SDNMon and the QoS gains due to the utilization of multiple paths defined by the MP-Routing, when forwarding data flow through the SDN.

React vs Angular : Slaget om användarupplevelsen

Lately, various programming frameworks has been developed for developing web applications. These frameworks focus on increasing the user experience by performance improvements such as faster render times and response times. One of these frameworks are React, which has introduced a completely new architectural pattern for both managing the state and data flow of an application. React also offers support for native application development and makes server-side rendering possible. Something that is difficult to accomplish with an application developed with Angular 1.5, which is used by the company Dewire today. The aim of this thesis was to compare React with an existing Angular project, in order to determine whether React could be a potential replacement for Angular. To gain knowledge about the subject, a theoretical study of web- based sources has been made. While the practical part has been to rebuild a web application with React together with the architecture Flux, which is based on a view from the Angular project. The implementation process was repeated until the view was completed and a desired data flow, as in the Angular application, was reached. The resulting React application was later compared with the Angular application developed by the company, where the outcome of the comparison showed that the React performed better than Angular in all tests. In conclusion, due to the timeframe of the project, only the most important parts of the Angular project were implemented in order to carry out the measurements that were of interest to the company. By recreating most of the functionality, or the entire Angular application, more interesting comparisons could have been done.

Ensidesapplikationers kodkvalitet och förvaltningsbarhet : En jämförelse av förvaltningsbarhet hos single-page applications utvecklade med AngularJS och React

Single-page applications have historically been subject to strong market forces driving fast development and deployment in lieu of quality control and changeable code, which are important factors for maintainability. In this report we develop two functionally equivalent applications using AngularJS and React and compare their maintainability as defined by ISO/IEC 9126. AngularJS and React represent two distinct approaches to web development, with AngularJS being a general framework providing rich base functionality and React a small specialized library for efficient view rendering. The quality comparison was accomplished by calculating Maintainability Index for each application. Version control analysis was used to determine quality indicators during development and subsequent maintenance where new functionality was added in two steps. The results show no major differences in maintainability in the initial applications. As more functionality is added the Maintainability Index decreases faster in the AngularJS application, indicating a steeper increase in complexity compared to the React application. Source code analysis reveals that changes in data flow requires significantly larger modifications of the AngularJS application due to its inherent architecture for data flow. We conclude that frameworks are useful when they facilitate development of known requirements but less so when applications and systems grow in size. Sammanfattning: Ensidesapplikationer har historiskt sett påverkats av starka marknadskrafter som pådriver snabba utvecklingscykler och leveranser. Detta medför att kvalitetskontroll och förändringsbar kod, som är viktiga faktorer för förvaltningsbarhet, blir lidande. I denna rapport utvecklar vi två funktionellt ekvi-valenta ensidesapplikationer med AngularJS och React samt jämför dessa applikationers förvaltningsbarhet enligt ISO/IEC 9126. AngularJS och React representerar två distinkta angreppsätt på webbutveckling, där AngularJS är ett ramverk med mycket färdig funktionalitet och React ett mindre bibliotek specialiserat på vyrendering. Kvalitetsjämförelsen utfördes genom att beräkna förvaltningsbarhetsindex för respektive applikation. Versionshanteringsanalys användes för att bestämma andra kvalitetsindikatorer efter den initiala utvecklingen samt två efterföljande underhållsarbeten. Resultaten visar inga markanta skillnader i förvaltningsbarhet för de initiala applikationerna. I takt med att mer funktionalitet lades till sjönk förvaltnings-barhetsindex snabbare för AngularJS-applikationen, vilket motsvarar en kraftigare ökning i komplexitet jämfört med React-applikationen. Versionshanteringsanalys visar att ändringar i dataflödet kräver större modifikationer för AngularJS-applikationen på grund av dess förbestämda arkitektur. Utifrån detta drar vi slutsatsen att ramverk är användbara när de understödjer utvecklingen mot kända krav men att deras nytta blir begränsad ju mer en applikation växer i storlek.

Skapa förutsättningar för att implementera Lean production i en tillverkningsprocess som kännetecknas av HVLV : - En fallstudie på Tibrokök Sverige AB

Idag är det vanligt att företagen konkurrerar med produkter som innefattar en fysisk vara som har utvidgats med olika tjänster för att kunna tillfredsställa kundens behov. I takt med detta ökar produkternas komplexitet och högre krav ställs på leverantörerna. Denna utveckling har lett till att många företag som tillverkar produkter med hög variation måste arbeta helt kundorderstyrt för att kunna tillgodose kundernas ökande krav. Företagen som tillverkar dessa komplexa produkter har en tillverkning som karaktäriseras av hög variation och låg volym vilket benämns med förkortningen HVLV. Utmaningen för dessa HVLV-företag ligger i att ha en hög produktmixflexibilitet med så låg resursanvändning som möjligt. För att effektivisera verksamheten har många företag därför intresserat sig för Lean production som har visat sig vara ett framgångsrikt koncept för tillverkande företag runt om i världen som effektiviserat sin produktion. Ett flertal artiklar har uppmärksammat begränsningar vid implementeringen av Lean production i HVLV-miljöer. Artiklar pekar vidare på behovet av ytterligare forskning kring Lean productions applicerbarhet i HVLV-miljöer och detta var uppkomsten till examensarbetets bakgrund och syfte. En fallstudie har genomförts på Tibrokök som är ett företag med en helt kundorderstyrd produktion som kännetecknas av HVLV. Med hjälp av fallstudien syftar examensarbetet till att undersöka om verktygen processkartläggning inkl. tidsstudier och layoutflödesdiagram kan bidra till att skapa förutsättningar för implementering av Lean production i en enskild tillverkningsprocess i en HVLV-miljö. Trots att verktygen har behövt anpassas något så anses de ha varit användbara och bidragande till skapandet av förutsättningar för implementering av Lean production i denna HVLV-miljö. Detta eftersom vi kunde identifiera många orsaker till slöseri samt ta fram ett förslag som skapar effektiviseringar av Tibroköks ytbehandlingsprocess i det framtida läget.