Efeito da estimulação do músculo tibial cranial após neurorrafia término-lateral do nervo fibular em ratos

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

Ruptura do ligamento cruzado cranial em cães: comparação dos meios de diagnóstico radiográfico, ultrassonográfico e por tomografia computadorizada

Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária - FMVZ

Enxerto alógeno de ligamento patelar conservado em glicerina e fixado com parafusos de interferência como substituto do ligamento cruzado cranial em cães

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Calvarial Autogenous Bone Graft for Maxillary Ridge and Sinus Reconstruction for Rehabilitation With Dental Implants

Autogenous bone grafting is the gold-standard technique for bone augmentation procedures prior to implant placement. If the amount of available intraoral donor bone is insufficient, it is necessary to harvest bone graft from extraoral sites, such as calvaria. Although this technique is well established, only a few case reports show the histological analysis of the grafted bone at the moment of implant placement. This article reports the case of a 48-year-old female patient with a critical atrophic maxillary ridge reconstructed using autogenous calvarial bone graft prior to implant placement, with clinical and histological evaluation. Bone was collected under general anesthesia from the parietal bone. The outer cortical originated the bone blocks, and the medullar bone layer between was collected to be used in the sinus augmentation procedure, together with 5 of the bone blocks triturated. Six months after bone augmentation, 8 implants were placed in the grafted area and 2 biopsies were retrieved (anterior and the posterior regions), allowing the visualization of the bone-remodeling process in the grafted areas. The patient had a stable recovery. Our results showed that although necrotic bone could still be seen in the outer layer of the grafted area, the interface between this necrotic bone and the already remodeled bone was consistent with biocompatibility. Two-year radiographic evaluation showed success of the grafts and the implants in supporting an esthetic and functionally stable prosthesis. Summarizing, calvarial bone grafts are a viable alternative for the attainment of adequate bone volume prior to implant placement.

Data collection on bone density of mandibular alveolar bone on a Hounsfield scale of the dental apex of the cranial root of the first inferior molar in dogs using computed tomography at FMVZ-UNESP

The head is the most important and specialized region in the body because it contains a range of specialized organs and, because it has interconnections between specialized organs, there is a great overlap of images. Thus, computed tomography (CT) helps in diagnosing diseases in this region, such as oral conditions, as they provide millimetric slices or cuts and demonstrate the relationship between the various anatomical structures involved, in volume and depth. Within dentistry, CT helps in the identification of pathological processes such as infection, tumors, visualization of embedded teeth and bone bed. This study aimed to assess the density of the mandibular alveolar bone at a determined point to later predict how periodontal disease is involved in bone resorption. For this, we performed a blind retrospective study (n = 124) of the CT scan files of dog skulls at FMVZ-UNESP in order to determine the density of the jaw bone using a Hounsfield scale, in the region of the dental apex of the cranial root of the first molar tooth in dogs. The results obtained were evaluated using mean and standard deviation (27.28 +/- 9.53 HU) in order to predict the normal density of the mandibular alveolar bone in the studied region. Thus, this data analysis allows a more concise evaluation of bone resorption of mandibular alveolar bone and, therefore, provides an adequate surgical planning in cases of osteosynthesis given mainly by the presence of installed periodontal disease.

Bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite composites with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP on bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defect model

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of bacterial cellulose-hydroxyapatite (BC-HA) composites associated with osteogenic growth peptide (OGP) or pentapeptide OGP(10–14) in bone regeneration in critical-size calvarial defects in mice. In this study, the BC-HA, BC-HA-OGP, and BC-HA-OGP(10–14) membranes were analyzed at 3, 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90 days. In each period, the specimens were evaluated by micro-computed tomography (µCT), descriptive histology, gene expression of bone biomarkers by qPCR and VEGFR-2 (vascular endothelial growth factor) quantification by ELISA. Three days post-operative, Runx2, Tnfrsf11b and Bglap bone biomarkers were upregulated mainly by BC-HA OGP and BC-HA OGP(10–14) membranes, suggesting an acceleration of the osteoblast differentiation/activity with the use of these biomaterials. At 60 and 90 days, a high percentage of bone formation was observed by µCT for BC-HA and BC-HA OGP(10–14) membranes. High expression of some bone biomarkers, such as Alpl, Spp1, and Tnfrsf11b, was also observed for the same membranes on days 60 and 90. In conclusion, the BC-HA membrane promoted a better bone formation in critical-size mice calvarial defects. Nevertheless, incorporation of the peptides at the concentration of 10−9 mol L−1 did not improve bone regeneration potential in the long-term.

New LLLT protocol to speed up the bone healing process-histometric and immunohistochemical analysis in rat calvarial bone defect

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Effects of oestrogen deficiency and 17 beta-estradiol therapy on bone healing in calvarial critical size defects treated with bovine bone graft

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Hydroxyapatite and a new fibrin sealant derived from snake venom as scaffold to treatment of cranial defects in rats

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Cranial osteology of meiglyptini (aves: piciformes: picidae)

The Meiglyptini comprise eight species grouped into three genera: Meiglyptes and Mulleripicus, with three species each, and Hemicircus, with two species. The aim of the present study was to describe the cranial osteology of six species and three genera of Meiglyptini and to compare them to each other, as well as with other species of woodpeckers and other bird groups. The cranial osteology varied among the investigated species, but the most markedly distinct characteristics were: (1) a frontal overhang is only observed in the middle portion of the frontale of H. concretus; (2) the Proc. zygomaticus and suprameaticus are thick and long in species of the genus Mulleripicus, but short in other species; (3) the Pes pterygoidei is relatively larger in species of the genus Mulleripicus, while it is narrow, thin and relatively smaller in species of the genus Meiglyptes and indistinct in H. concretus; (4) the bony projection of the ectethmoidale is relatively short and thin in species of Mulleripicus and more developed in H. concretus. It appears that the greatest structural complexity of the cranial osteology is associated with the birds' diet, with the frugivorous H. concretus being markedly different from the insectivorous species.

Calvarial ectopic meningothelial meningioma

Meningiomas are the most common benign neoplasm of the brain whereas ectopic presentation, although reported, is rare. Among these ectopic tumors, there are a group of purely intraosseous meningiomas, which usually are diagnosed differentially from common primary osseous tumor such as fibrous dysplasia and osteoid osteoma. We report a 62-year-old female with a history of headaches and 6 months of progressive right parietal bulging, with no neurological signs. Parietal craniotomy was performed with immediate titanium cranioplasty of the parietal convexity. Histopathology exams revealed an ectopic intradiploic meningioma without invasion of cortical layers, with positive staining for progesterone receptors and epithelial membrane antigen. Ectopic intraosseous meningiomas remain a rare neoplasm with only a few cases reported. The main theories to justify the unusual topography appear to be embryological remains of neuroectodermal tissue or cellular dedifferentiation. Surgical treatment seems the best curative option.

Evaluation of crystallized biosilicate in the reconstruction of calvarial defects

The objective of this study was to assess the bone repair process of crystallized Biosilicate in surgically created defects on rats' calvaria. This biomaterial was recently developed for odontological use. We used fifteen rats (rattus norvegicus albinus, Wistar), and two 5 mm surgical defects were performed on each of them; the defects were made with trephine drill on the calvarium region prior to the biomaterial placement. Groups were divided as follows: Group 1-defect filled with clot; Group 2-defect filled with crystallized Biosilicate. After 7, 14 and 28 days the animals were killed, the parts were retrieved and slides were prepared for histological studies. Bone formation was satisfactory in all groups, with direct contact between biomaterial surface and bone and absence of infection signs. The 28 days periods showed better results, and statistically significant difference between Clot Group (90.2 %) and Biosilicate (58 %; p = 0.002) was seen, regarding presence of bone tissue on the surgical defects. Our study revealed that defects filled with clot present better results on bone formation compared to crystallized Biosilicate, which is considered a biocompatible material with favorable osteoconductive properties.

Análise do exercício físico e eletroestimulção do músculo tibial cranial após neurorrafia término-lateral do nervo fibular em ratos

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

Histologic and histometric evaluation of calvarial autogenous bone graft in reconstruction of atrophyc maxilla for dental implants

The calvarial bone is highlighted as a good donor area for large reconstructions of atrophic jaw for subsequent rehabilitation with implant-supported prosthesis. The aim of this study was to observe and measure through histological and histometric evaluation, the cellular events that occur at the interface of union from onlay parietal bone graft on the maxilla of 10 patients, after a period of 6 months of incorporation. The biopsies were performed at the time of installation of osseointegrated implants. The bone contact area represented 78.75% and connective contact 21.25%. The region of connective union between the bone graft to the maxillae presented new bone formation (41.26%), marrow bone (36.06%), osteoid tissue (15.86%) and connective tissue (6.80%). All samples had good graft incorporation to the receptor bed with osteogenic activity and absence of inflammatory cells.

Comparative analysis of the cranial osteology and evolutionary traits of micrastur gilvicollis, micrastur ruficollis and micrastur semitorquatus (aves: falconiformes)

The cranial osteology of Micrastur gilvicollis (Vieillot, 1817), Micrastur ruficollis (Vieillot, 1817) and Micrastur semitorquatus (Vieillot, 1817) is comparatively and meticulously described to characterize each of the species and to determine which traits the species have in common and which are distinct. These traits will be used a posteriori for phylogenetic analysis. Our results indicate that M. gilvicollis and M. ruficollis are closely related, as they share a large number of traits, including a lacrimal bone with a distal portion that is approximately half as long as the proximal portion and a parasphenoid rostrum that covers 50% of the distance between the occipital condyle and pterygoid. Similarly, M. gilvicollis and M. semitorquatus both have a partially fused craniofacial flexion zone. In both M. ruficollis and M. semitorquatus, the symphyseal region of the mandible is 1/5 the total length of the mandible. The diagnostic traits for each of these species are as follows: a) in M. gilvicollis, the interorbital distance is 1/3 the length of the parietal, and the zygomatic process stretches 1/5 of the distance from the orbital arch to the jugal arch; b) in M. ruficollis, the interorbital distance is 2/5 of the length of the parietal and the zygomatic process extends 1/4 of the distance from the orbital arch to the jugal arch; and c) in M. semitorquatus, the interorbital distance is 3/7 the length of the parietal and the distal portion of the lacrimal is 1/3 the length of the proximal portion. Among the three species, M. gilvicolis and M. ruficollis share the most traits, which leads us to infer that these species are more closely related to one another than they are to M. semitorquatus. Phylogenetic analysis performed a posteriori may confirm the relationship between these three species.