A dor que ressoa nos contos pós-64: aspectos de uma ficcionalização do testemunho

A presente dissertação enfoca as relações entre a literatura e a história, tendo por objetivo identificar e analisar os aspectos recorrentes em contos que ficcionalizam o relato da tortura ligada ao Regime Militar brasileiro de 1964. Para tanto, elegemos como corpus desta pesquisa os textos “Acudiram três cavaleiros”, de Marques Rabelo (1967); “O mar mais longe que vejo”, de Caio Fernando Abreu (1970); “Pedro Ramiro”, de Rodolfo Konder (1977); “O jardim das oliveiras”, de Nélida Piñon (1980); “Saindo de dentro do corpo”, de Flávio Moreira da Costa (1982); “O leite em pó da bondade humana”, de Haroldo Maranhão (1983); “Não passarás o Jordão”, de Luiz Fernando Emediato (1984); e “A mancha”, de Luis Fernando Veríssimo (2003). Tais narrativas apresentam como núcleo narrativo cenas de tortura relacionadas à ditadura civil-militar instalada no Brasil em 1964. Partimos da hipótese de que esses contos se apropriam de aspectos composicionais do testemunho verídico e os reelaboram esteticamente nos textos, muitas vezes, rompendo o que se teoriza sobre o testemunho verídico, na tentativa de se traduzir em palavras as aporias da rememoração do trauma provocado pela tortura. Para dar conta de tais proposições, elegeu-se como percurso a contextualização histórica realizada no primeiro capítulo, com o intuito de pontuar as relações existentes entre as produções e o contexto histórico. Em seguida, no capítulo dois, realizou-se a revisão do referencial teórico que baseia a pesquisa, centrando nas formulações propostas acerca da teoria do testemunho. Por fim, no terceiro capítulo, realizou-se a análise do corpus, com base em três aspectos recorrentes nas narrativas: a composição dos personagens, a organização da narrativa e a seleção vocabular. Para tal análise iremos nos pautar, principalmente, nas formulações de Seligmann-Silva (2003; 2008), Valeria de Marco (2004) e Elcio Loureiro Cornelsen (2011), acerca do testemunho de catástrofes históricas e da dimensão ficcional dessas produções; nas proposições de Maria Rita Kehl (2004) sobre o corpo torturado; e nas considerações de Sigmund Freud (1920), sobre trauma.

Elementos do trágico em Eça de Queirós: A tragédia da Rua das Flores e Os Maias

Pós-graduação em Letras - FCLAS

The use of satellite remote sensing for flood risk management

Over the last decades the impact of natural disasters to the global environment is becoming more and more severe. The number of disasters has dramatically increased, as well as the cost to the global economy and the number of people affected. Among the natural disaster, flood catastrophes are considered to be the most costly, devastating, broad extent and frequent, because of the tremendous fatalities, injuries, property damage, economic and social disruption they cause to the humankind. In the last thirty years, the World has suffered from severe flooding and the huge impact of floods has caused hundreds of thousands of deaths, destruction of infrastructures, disruption of economic activity and the loss of property for worth billions of dollars. In this context, satellite remote sensing, along with Geographic Information Systems (GIS), has become a key tool in flood risk management analysis. Remote sensing for supporting various aspects of flood risk management was investigated in the present thesis. In particular, the research focused on the use of satellite images for flood mapping and monitoring, damage assessment and risk assessment. The contribution of satellite remote sensing for the delineation of flood prone zones, the identification of damaged areas and the development of hazard maps was explored referring to selected cases of study.

Classic and Complex PTSD in Switzerland: Prevalence and Theoretical Discussion

Switzerland seems to present a different picture with reference to PTSD prevalence rates. Probably partly as a result of being largely spared by large-scale catastrophes, compared to other countries, there are rather low PTSD prevalence rates. However, in traumatized or clinical samples, these rates amount to comparable sizes as in other countries. Generally, the empirical landscape concerning PTSD in Switzerland is rather limited. More research is needed to further clarify unsolved questions indicated within this article.

Тоска по домашнему очагу: Мандельштам, архитектура и русский язык

Le poète Ossip Mandelstam a été habité toute sa vie par un sentiment d’exil et de déracinement dont les causes sont diverses (« chaos judaïque » de son enfance, déménagements incessants, expérience de catastrophes historiques, etc.) : son ralliement au mouvement acméiste peut se comprendre comme une tentative de lutter contre ce sentiment au niveau de l’imaginaire. Le programme acméiste, contrairement au mouvement symboliste qui déprécie les choses d’ici bas au profit d’une réalité transcendante, peut en effet se définir comme une tentative de rendre au monde une certaine matérialité et hospitalité. Dans ce contexte, Mandelstam privilégie le motif architectural, qui lui fournit de nombreuses images de l’abri, du logement et de la protection, tout particulièrement dans son recueil intitulé Pierre. Néanmoins, si les images architecturales convoquées par Mandelstam apaisent momentanément sa soif d’un foyer, elles ne sont pas suffisantes : le poète invoque encore le pouvoir et le statut ontologique particuliers de la langue russe, seule langue capable selon lui de retrouver l’âme des choses et de faire que le poète se sente chez soi dans le monde.

Avalanche related damage potential - changes of persons and mobile values since the mid-twentieth century, case study Galtür

When determining risk related to natural hazard processes, many studies neglect the investigations of the damage potential or are limited to the assessment of immobile values like buildings. However, persons as well as mobile values form an essential part of the damage potential. Knowledge of the maximum number of exposed persons in an endangered area is of great importance for elaborating evacuation plans and immediate measures in case of catastrophes. In addition, motor vehicles can also be highly damaged, as was shown by the analysis of avalanche events. With the removal of mobile values in time as a preventive measure this kind of damage can be minimised. This study presents a method for recording the maximum number of exposed persons and monetarily assessing motor vehicles in the municipality of Galt¨ur (Tyrol, Austria). Moreover, general developments of the damage potential due to significant socio-economic changes since the mid-twentieth century are pointed out in the study area. The present situation of the maximum number of persons and mobile values in the official avalanche hazard zones of the municipality is described in detail. Information on the number of persons is derived of census data, tourism and employment statistics. During the winter months, a significant increase overlaid by strong short-term fluctuation in the number of persons can be noted. These changes result from a higher demand of tourism related manpower as well as from varying occupancy rates. The number of motor vehicles in endangered areas is closely associated to the number of exposed persons. The potential number of motor vehicles is investigated by means of mapping, statistics on the stock of motor vehicles and the density distribution. Diurnal and seasonal fluctuations of the investigated damage potential are pointed out. The recording of the number of persons and mobile values in endangered areas is vital for any disaster management.

The 1987 debris flows in Switzerland: documentation and analysis

A great number of debris flows occurred during the flood catastrophes of the summer of 1987 in the Swiss Alps. Aerial photography, field investigations and eyewitness accounts documented and analysed the events. As an example of the reconstructed major events, the large debris flow in the Varuna valley involved an estimated peak discharge between 400 and 800 m3/s and an event magnitude of 200,000 m3. Several single pulses were observed; the duration of each of them appeared to be not more than a few minutes. Apart from incision into weak bedrock, the maximum erosion depth seemed to depend on the channel gradient. Based on approximately 600 events, typical starting zones and rainfall conditions are discussed with regard to the triggering conditions. Existing and new empirical formulae are proposed to estimate the most important flow parameters. These values are compared to debris flow data from Canada and Japan.

Respuestas antiguas y contemporáneas ante el anuncio de catástrofes : Píndaro, el Peán 9 ante el eclipse de sol y los pronósticos del cambio climático

El presente artículo investiga algunas respuestas de la sociedad ante el pronóstico de calamidades comunitarias, estableciendo una comparación entre la respuesta de una comunidad antigua y algunas respuestas de la sociedad globalizada del siglo XXI ante los pronósticos científicos concernientes al cambio climático. En el campo disciplinar de la filología, se propone una lectura más compleja del Peán 9 de Píndaro (fr. 52k Maehler = A1 Rutherford), que busca dar cuenta del fenómeno del eclipse de sol, descrito por el poeta como un signo de catástrofes comunitarias, en el marco de los posibles conocimientos astronómicos de la época, y en la red de significados implícita en las formas de pensamiento simbólico propias de la Grecia arcaica. Tanto las actitudes antiguas como las actuales ante el anuncio de calamidades comunitarias se consideran desde una perspectiva antropológica apoyada en la investigación moderna sobre mitología.

Sequías en el sudoeste bonaerense : Vulnerabilidad e incertidumbre

Las sequías se caracterizan por tener un comportamiento cíclico, lo que permite prever, en cierto modo, la probabilidad de su ocurrencia. Sin embargo, en el sudoeste bonaerense las medidas preventivas para mitigar sus efectos en la actividad agropecuaria son insuficientes. La Ley de Emergencia Agropecuaria (LEA) considera la sequía como un fenómeno puramente meteorológico, mientras que nuestro enfoque la aborda como producto de la vulnerabilidad social, consecuencia de una gestión deficiente y de la imprevisión por parte de los productores agropecuarios afectados. El recorte espacial de esta presentación abarca los partidos que conforman el Plan de Desarrollo del Sudoeste Bonaerense; y el temporal, el período 2001-2006, por la significativa ocurrencia de sequías. La sequía no necesariamente es un hecho catastrófico, sino que se da como una 'construcción social de riesgos' (García Acosta, 2005; Lavell, 2000), resultado de la falta de previsión y de la incertidumbre.

Sequías en el sudoeste bonaerense : Vulnerabilidad e incertidumbre

Las sequías se caracterizan por tener un comportamiento cíclico, lo que permite prever, en cierto modo, la probabilidad de su ocurrencia. Sin embargo, en el sudoeste bonaerense las medidas preventivas para mitigar sus efectos en la actividad agropecuaria son insuficientes. La Ley de Emergencia Agropecuaria (LEA) considera la sequía como un fenómeno puramente meteorológico, mientras que nuestro enfoque la aborda como producto de la vulnerabilidad social, consecuencia de una gestión deficiente y de la imprevisión por parte de los productores agropecuarios afectados. El recorte espacial de esta presentación abarca los partidos que conforman el Plan de Desarrollo del Sudoeste Bonaerense; y el temporal, el período 2001-2006, por la significativa ocurrencia de sequías. La sequía no necesariamente es un hecho catastrófico, sino que se da como una 'construcción social de riesgos' (García Acosta, 2005; Lavell, 2000), resultado de la falta de previsión y de la incertidumbre.

Sequías en el sudoeste bonaerense : Vulnerabilidad e incertidumbre

Las sequías se caracterizan por tener un comportamiento cíclico, lo que permite prever, en cierto modo, la probabilidad de su ocurrencia. Sin embargo, en el sudoeste bonaerense las medidas preventivas para mitigar sus efectos en la actividad agropecuaria son insuficientes. La Ley de Emergencia Agropecuaria (LEA) considera la sequía como un fenómeno puramente meteorológico, mientras que nuestro enfoque la aborda como producto de la vulnerabilidad social, consecuencia de una gestión deficiente y de la imprevisión por parte de los productores agropecuarios afectados. El recorte espacial de esta presentación abarca los partidos que conforman el Plan de Desarrollo del Sudoeste Bonaerense; y el temporal, el período 2001-2006, por la significativa ocurrencia de sequías. La sequía no necesariamente es un hecho catastrófico, sino que se da como una 'construcción social de riesgos' (García Acosta, 2005; Lavell, 2000), resultado de la falta de previsión y de la incertidumbre.

(Table 4) Concentrations of radionuclides in waters of the Barents and Kara Seas in August 2003

A methodology of experimental simulation of state of spent nuclear fuel that occurs on the sea floor due to some catastrophes or dumping is developed. Data on long-term (more than 2000 days) experiments on estimation of 85Kr and 137Cs release rate from spent nuclear fuel (fragments of irradiated UO2 pellets) were firstly obtained; these estimates prove correctness of a hypothesis offered by us in early 1990s concerning to earlier 85Kr release (by one order of magnitude higher than that of 137Cs) as compared to other fission fragments in case of loss of integrity of fuel containment as a result of corrosion on the sea floor. A method and technique of onboard 85Kr and 137Cs sampling and extraction (as well as sampling of tritium, product of triple 235U fission) and their radiometric analysis at coastal laboratories are developed. Priority data on 85Kr background in bottom layers of the Barents and Kara Seas and 137Cs and 3H in these seas (state of 2003) are presented. Models necessary for estimation of dilution of fission products of spent nuclear fuel and their transport on the floor in accident and dumping regions are developed. An experimental method for examination of state of spent nuclear fuel on the sea floor (one expedition each 2-3 years) by 85Kr release into environment (a leak tracer) is proposed; this release is an indicator of destruction of fuel containment and release of products of spent nuclear fuel in case of 235UO2 corrosion in sea water.

Damping models in the truncated derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation

Four-dimensional flow in the phase space of three amplitudes of circularly polarized Alfven waves and one relative phase, resulting from a resonant three-wave truncation of the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation, has been analyzed; wave 1 is linearly unstable with growth rate , and waves 2 and 3 are stable with damping 2 and 3, respectively. The dependence of gross dynamical features on the damping model as characterized by the relation between damping and wave-vector ratios, 2 /3, k2 /k3, and the polarization of the waves, is discussed; two damping models, Landau k and resistive k2, are studied in depth. Very complex dynamics, such as multiple blue sky catastrophes and chaotic attractors arising from Feigenbaum sequences, and explosive bifurcations involving Intermittency-I chaos, are shown to be associated with the existence and loss of stability of certain fixed point P of the flow. Independently of the damping model, P may only exist as against flow contraction just requiring.In the case of right-hand RH polarization, point P may exist for all models other than Landau damping; for the resistive model, P may exist for RH polarization only if 2+3/2.