Training Volume and Methods of Athletes Competing at a Mixed Martial Arts Events

This study surveyed 32 athletes competing at a mixed martial arts (MMA) event held in Butte, Montana. The survey attempted to gather information regarding overall training volume, supplement use, volume change and specific exercises used. The survey return rate was 100 percent (32/32). Twenty-five of 32 athletes supplemented their training with strength training. Overall frequency of strength training ranged from one to six sessions/week, and overall frequency of fighting-specific training sessions/weel ranged from two to 10. Two of the 32 athletes used/had used anabolic-androgenic steroids. Sixteen MMA athletes performed exercises specifically for the neck musculature, and eight use the power clean within their strength-training program. Results suggested that strength and conditioning speciialists should educate the importance of, volume variation and periodization, balanced training, effective exercises, and the side effects of anabolic steroid use.

Effects of inner and heard speech in arts speech therapy on cerebral oxygenation and hemodynamics

Background: The aim of the present study was to contributing to researching physiological effects of arts speech therapy by (i) investigating effects of inner and heard speech on cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation, and (ii) analyzing if these changes were affected by alterations of the arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2). Methods: In 29 healthy adult volunteers we measured changes in cerebral absolute oxyhemoglobin ([O2Hb]), deoxyhemoglobin ([HHb]), total hemoglobin ([tHb]) concentrations and tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) (over the left and right anterior prefrontal cortex (PFC)) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) as well as changes in end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2) using capnography. Each subject performed six different tasks: three types of task modalities, i.e. inner speech, heard speech from a person and heard speech from a record, and, two recitation texts, i.e. hexameter and alliteration on different days according to a randomized crossover design. Statistical analysis was applied to the differences between the baseline, two task and four recovery periods. The two brain hemispheres, i.e. left and right PFC, and six tasks were tested separately. Results: During the tasks we found in general a decrease in PETCO2 (significantly only for inner speech), StO2, [O2Hb], [tHb] as well as in an increase in [HHb]. There was a significant difference between hexameter and alliteration. Particularly, the changes in [tHb] at the left PFC during tasks and after them were statistically different. Furthermore we found significant relations between changes in [O2Hb], [HHb], [tHb] or StO2 and the participants’ age, the baseline PETCO2, or certain speech tasks. Conclusions: Changes in breathing (hyperventilation) during the tasks led to lower PaCO2 (hypocapnia) for inner speech. During heard speech no significant changes in PaCO2 occurred, but the decreases in StO2, [O2Hb], [tHb] suggest that changes in PaCO2 were also relevant here. Different verse types (hexameter, alliteration) led to different changes in [tHb]. Consequently, StO2, [O2Hb], [HHb] and [tHb] are affected by interplay of both PaCO2 reactivity and task dependent functional brain activity.

The influence of inner and heard speech in arts speech therapy on brain oxygenation and hemodynamics

Purpose: Artistic speech therapy is applied in anthroposophically extended medicine to treat several diseases. The aim is to understand the physiology by investigating the effect of inner and heard speech on brain hemodynamics and oxygenation and analyzing whether these changes were affected by changes in arterial carbon dioxide pressure. Methods: In 29 healthy adult volunteers changes in cerebral absolute oxyhemoglobin ([O2Hb]), deoxyhemoglobin ([HHb]), total hemoglobin ([tHb]) concentrations and tissue oxygen saturation (StO2) were measured by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). End-tidal CO2 (PETCO2) was assessed by capnography. Each subject performed six tasks: inner speech, heard speech from a person and heard speech from a record with each two different recitation texts: hexameter and alliteration according to a randomized crossover design. Results: Significant changes during tasks: A decrease in StO2, [O2Hb], [tHb] and PETCO2 (only for inner speech); an increase in [HHb]. There was a significant difference between hexameter and alliteration. Particularly, changes in [tHb] at the left prefrontal cortex during tasks and after them were statistically different. Furthermore we found significant relations between changes in [O2Hb], [HHb], [tHb] or StO2 and the participants’ age, the baseline PETCO2, or certain speech tasks. Conclusion: During the inner speech, hyperventilation led to a lower PETCO2 (hypocapnia). During heard speech no significant changes in PETCO2 occurred. But decreases in StO2, [O2Hb], [tHb] suggest hypocapnia also here. Hexameter and alliteration led to different changes in [tHb]. Consequently, our parameters are affected by an interplay of both PETCO2 response and task dependent functional brain activity.

Industrial arts index.

Combined issues, 1918/1919-1930/1931, designated as 1st two year cumulation-7th two year cumulation, as well as 7th annual vol.-19th annual vol.

Art education applied to industry,

Mode of access: Internet.

The School arts magazine.

Title from cover.

The 1993 BFA Graduating Class Department of Visual Arts

The Graduate students in the Visual Arts program have selected for inclusion in this cataloguepieces that symbolize the Acomplishments of the years of study and application. The images are the summary of a complex of learning experiences, both theoretical and applied. They reflect the critical processes of the studio, the Library, the environment and the traditional classroom; they are the results of dynamic and rigorous interaction between teachers and colleagues, peers and mentors, throughout this undergraduate experience.

Learning strategies implemented by the students of Advanced Intensive English I courses for improving oral discourse in the Bachelor of Arts in English Teaching, Department of Foreign Languages, University of El Salvador, year 2014.

There are many learning strategies some, more successful than others when they are applied in a correct way. “Strategies are most successful when they are implemented in a system that encourages collaboration among staff and students, and in which each is a part of a well-planned whole system” (Johns Hopkins, 2000). Additionally, Learning strategies have become an effective instrument in the field of education because students can make use of several strategies in order to enhance their English level in terms of communication. To communicate in a meaningful way, it is important to express ideas inside and outside the classroom; it is part of the development and improvement of speaking.

Human-Computer interaction methodologies applied in the evaluation of haptic digital musical instruments

Recent developments in interactive technologies have seen major changes in the manner in which artists, performers, and creative individuals interact with digital music technology; this is due to the increasing variety of interactive technologies that are readily available today. Digital Musical Instruments (DMIs) present musicians with performance challenges that are unique to this form of computer music. One of the most significant deviations from conventional acoustic musical instruments is the level of physical feedback conveyed by the instrument to the user. Currently, new interfaces for musical expression are not designed to be as physically communicative as acoustic instruments. Specifically, DMIs are often void of haptic feedback and therefore lack the ability to impart important performance information to the user. Moreover, there currently is no standardised way to measure the effect of this lack of physical feedback. Best practice would expect that there should be a set of methods to effectively, repeatedly, and quantifiably evaluate the functionality, usability, and user experience of DMIs. Earlier theoretical and technological applications of haptics have tried to address device performance issues associated with the lack of feedback in DMI designs and it has been argued that the level of haptic feedback presented to a user can significantly affect the user’s overall emotive feeling towards a musical device. The outcome of the investigations contained within this thesis are intended to inform new haptic interface.