Avaliação da contaminação do Igarapé do Sabino (Bacia do Rio Tibiri) por metais pesados, originados dos resíduos e efluentes do Aterro da Ribeira, em São Luís, Maranhão

This work aimed to carry out an environmental monitoring in sabino narrow river (affluent of Tibiri Basin, in São Luís - MA, Brazil), in order to verify the main environmental impacts caused by effluent residues from Ribeira landfill. Chemical analysis and bibliographic and cartographic researches on this ecosystem were also carried out. In addition, heavy metals, such as Hg, Pb and Zn, were investigated in water samples by ICP-MS technique. It was observed that the contents of such heavy metals were above the tolerance limits established by the Brazilian legislation, showing a strong impact level on the evaluated ecosystem.

Fungos e nematóides fitopatogênicos associados ao cultivo de flores tropicais em São Luís - MA

Considerando a importância do cultivo de flores tropicais no contexto nacional e internacional, buscou-se realizar um levantamento da ocorrência de fungos e nematóides associados às mesmas, em áreas de cultivos de flores tropicais em São Luís - MA. Foram realizadas visitas periódicas, em intervalos bimestrais, nos locais onde a principal atividade era o cultivo de flores tropicais, para o monitoramento e coleta de plantas ou partes de plantas das espécies: Heliconia spp., Alpinia purpurata e Etlingera elatior com sintomatologia típica de doenças. Realizou-se, ainda, o teste de patogenicidade dos principais fungos detectados como agentes causais das manchas foliares. Os resultados obtidos confirmaram a existência de fungos associados aos cultivos de flores tropicais em São Luís, com destaque para Curvularia eragrostides (78 %), Pestalotiopsis sp. (68 %) e Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (47 %) como agentes causais de manchas foliares em espécies da família Heliconiaceae, e Curvularia eragrostides (75 %), Pestalotiopsis sp. (37 %) em espécies da família Zingiberaceae. Foram registrados oito gêneros de nematóides, tanto na família Heliconiaceae, quanto na Zingiberaceae, destacando-se o gênero Meloidogyne.

Impacto na economia das propriedades bananicultoras em Luís Alves-SC, em função da implementação das áreas de preservação permanente

Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo principal analisar o impacto econômico das Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APP), bem como os conflitos de uso dessas áreas em propriedades bananicultoras no Município de Luís Alves, Santa Catarina, considerando-se a implementação do Código Florestal Brasileiro (Lei 4.771/65). A base metodológica provém da economia agrícola, de técnicas de manejo de culturas agrícolas, da gestão ambiental, do sensoriamento remoto e dos sistemas de informações geográficas. Foram consideradas 15 propriedades rurais, tendo como atividade principal a ba nanicultura. Utilizou-se uma planilha para coleta de dados, localização e distribuição das áreas de atividade nas propriedades. A partir dessas informações associadas a informações de imagens de satélite, geraram-se mapas de uso do solo, de limites de propriedades e de APPs. As informações foram organizadas num Sistema de Informações Geográficas - SIG, utilizando o software ARCVIEW 9.1. As propriedades foram analisadas em três grupos (I, II e III), conforme a área de lavoura de banana e investimentos em benfeitorias, máquinas e implementos. Realizou-se uma análise de impacto econômico sobre as propriedades em função da implementação das APPs. Com a pesquisa, percebeu-se que haverá redução da renda líquida das propriedades rurais de 38,58%, 27,65% e 40,21% para os Grupos I, II e III, respectivamente, com a adequação das APPs para a média das propriedades bananicultoras analisadas.

Profile of three Brazilian birth cohort studies in Ribeirão Preto, SP and São Luís, MA

We describe three birth cohort studies, respectively carried out in 1978/79 and 1994 in Ribeirão Preto, a city located in the most developed region of Brazil, and in 1997/98 in São Luís, a city located in a less developed region. The objective of the present report was to describe the methods used in these three studies, presenting their history, methodological design, objectives, developments, and difficulties faced along 28 years of research. The first Ribeirão Preto study, initially perinatal, later encompassed questions regarding the repercussions of intrauterine development on future growth and chronic adult diseases. The subjects were evaluated at birth (N = 6827), at school age (N = 2861), at the time of recruitment for military service (N = 2048), and at 23/25 years of age (N = 2063). The study of the second cohort, which started in 1994 (N = 2846), permitted comparison of aspects of perinatal health between the two groups in the same region, such as birth weight, mortality and health care use. In 1997/98, a new birth cohort study was started in São Luís (N = 2443), capital of the State of Maranhão. The 1994 Ribeirão Preto cohort and the São Luís cohort are in the second phase of joint follow-up. These studies permit comparative temporal analyses in the same place (Ribeirão Preto 1978/79 and 1994) and comparisons of two contrasting populations regarding cultural, economic and sociodemographic conditions (Ribeirão Preto and São Luís).

Examining life-course influences on chronic disease: the Ribeirão Preto and São Luís birth cohort studies (Brazil)

More than any other low- and middle-income country, Brazil has the longest research tradition of establishing, maintaining and exploiting birth cohort studies. This research pedigree is highlighted in the present issue of the Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, which contains a series of twelve papers from the Ribeirão Preto and São Luis birth cohort studies from the Southeast and Northeast of Brazil, respectively. The topics covered in this raft of reports vary and include predictors of perinatal health and maternal risk factors, early life determinants of cardiovascular risk factors in childhood and adolescence, use of health services, and a description of dietary characteristics of young adults, amongst other topics. There is also a guide to the background, objectives, sampling and protocols employed across these studies, which, together with similar pieces published in past issues of the Brazilian Journal, serve as a very useful starting point, particularly for potential collaborators. In the fervent hope that further follow-up of these cohorts will take place - we provide our own justification for cohort maintenance and extension in this issue - future data collection could include: genetic material, atherosclerosis, ascertained, for instance, by intima-media thickness, and IQ testing in children - scores from which are emerging as potentially important predictors of adult health outcomes up to six decades later.

Prevalence and conditions associated with chronic pelvic pain in women from São Luís, Brazil

The objective of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of chronic pelvic pain in the community of São Luís, capital of the State of Maranhão, Northeastern Brazil, and to identify independent conditions associated with it. A cross-sectional study was conducted, including a sample of 1470 women older than 14 years predominantly served by the public health system. The interviews were held in the subject's home by trained interviewers not affiliated with the public health services of the municipality. The homes were visited at random according to the city map and the prevalence of the condition was estimated. To identify the associated conditions, the significant variables (P=0.10) were selected and entered in a multivariate analysis model. Data are reported as odds ratio and 95% confidence interval, with the level of significance set at 0.05. The prevalence of chronic pelvic pain was 19.0%. The independent conditions associated with this diagnosis were: dyspareunia (OR=3.94), premenopausal status (OR=2.95), depressive symptoms (OR=2.33), dysmenorrhea (OR=1.77), smoking (OR=1.72), irregular menstrual flow (OR=1.62), and irritative bladder symptoms (OR=1.90). The prevalence of chronic pelvic pain in Sao Luís is high and is associated with the conditions cited above. Guidelines based on prevention and/or early identification of risk factors may reduce the prevalence of chronic pelvic pain in São Luís, Brazil.

Determination of CYP2D6 *3, *4, and *10 frequency in women with breast cancer in São Luís, Brazil, and its association with prognostic factors and disease-free survival

The CYP2D6 enzyme is crucial for the metabolism of tamoxifen. The CYP2D6 gene is highly polymorphic, and individuals can be extensive, intermediate, or poor tamoxifen metabolizers. The aim of this study was to determine the frequencies of the CYP2D6 *3, *4, and *10 alleles in women with breast cancer who were treated with tamoxifen and analyze the association of enzyme activity with prognostic factors and disease-free survival. We observed a high frequency of CYP2D6 *10, with an allelic frequency of 0.14 (14.4%). The *3 allele was not present in the studied population, and *4 had an allelic frequency of 0.13 (13.8%). We conclude that patients with reduced CYP2D6 activity did not present worse tumor characteristics or decreased disease-free survival than women with normal enzyme activity, as the difference was not statistically significant. We also observed a high frequency of CYP2D6 *10, which had not been previously described in this specific population. This study is the first in north-northeastern Brazil that aimed to contribute to the knowledge of the Brazilian regional profile for CYP2D6 polymorphisms and their phenotypes. These findings add to the knowledge of the distribution of different polymorphic CYP2D6 alleles and the potential role of CYP2D6 genotyping in clinical practice prior to choosing therapeutic protocols.

Institut impérial de France. Discours de réception de M. de Champagny, Réponse de M. Sylvestre de Sacy,... lus à la séance publique annuelle du 10 mars 1870

[Discours. 1870, 10 mars]

Arrêt du grand conseil qui ordonne que deux des bénéficiers de l'église de Saint-Jacques de l'Hôpital seront élus à la pluralité des voix de tous les bénéficiers, pour assister à l'inventaire des titres des archives de ladite église

[Acte. 1724-12-22. Paris]