Perceções de profissionais do Sistema de Justiça e População em geral quanto à implementação da Lei de Registo e Notificação de Ofensores Sexuais em Portugal

Dissertação apresentada à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de mestre em Psicologia Jurídica

Reading the landscape: the development of a typology of literary trails to inform experiential design

This article explores the under-researched field of self-guided trails. The focus of the research is on the experiential aspects of self-guided literary trails from the perspective of both the developer and user. An examination of existing literature on self-guided trails and literary tourism was undertaken and supplemented with a review of experiential design principles. Content analysis of a sample of literary heritage trails was then carried out and three distinctive typologies were developed, informed by aspects of experiential design. The research reveals that few literary trails developers utilise these principles and the article concludes with proposals for the design of more effective literary trail experiences.

Factores determinantes del uso de Internet en la comercialización del aceite de oliva. Análisis del sector en Cataluña

Las cooperativas son entidades con una gran presencia económica y social en España, y tienen una gran influencia en la economía rural de las zonas donde están ubicadas. El principal objetivo del presente trabajo es el análisis del uso de las nuevas tecnologías por parte de las cooperativas agroalimentarias, centrándose en las productoras de aceite de oliva para determinar los principales factores que condicionan su comportamiento en la Red. En el presente estudio se analizan sus sitios web y se determina qué tipo de información aporta, tanto datos generales como datos de comercialización. A partir de los resultados obtenidos, se busca la relación que pueda existir entre el tamaño de la cooperativa, su actividad exportadora o la actividad de comercio electrónico con la presencia online, mediante una regresión logística. De esta manera podremos conocer si realmente la implantación de nuevas tecnologías en las cooperativas permite desarrollar una óptima actividad económica.

The validity of a latent class typology of adolescent drinking patterns

Objectives: This study examined the validity of a latent class typology of adolescent drinking based on four alcohol dimensions; frequency of drinking, quantity consumed, frequency of binge drinking and the number of alcohol related problems encountered. Method: Data used were from the 1970 British Cohort Study sixteen-year-old follow-up. Partial or complete responses to the selected alcohol measures were provided by 6,516 cohort members. The data were collected via a series of postal questionnaires. Results: A five class LCA typology was constructed. Around 12% of the sample were classified as �hazardous drinkers� reporting frequent drinking, high levels of alcohol consumed, frequent binge drinking and multiple alcohol related problems. Multinomial logistic regression, with multiple imputation for missing data, was used to assess the covariates of adolescent drinking patterns. Hazardous drinking was associated with being white, being male, having heavy drinking parents (in particular fathers), smoking, illicit drug use, and minor and violent offending behaviour. Non-significant associations were found between drinking patterns and general mental health and attention deficient disorder. Conclusion: The latent class typology exhibited concurrent validity in terms of its ability to distinguish respondents across a number of alcohol and non-alcohol indicators. Notwithstanding a number of limitations, latent class analysis offers an alternative data reduction method for the construction of drinking typologies that addresses known weaknesses inherent in more tradition classification methods.

A total Indifference to Our Dignity: Older People's Understanding of Elder Abuse

Findings show that the current definitions of elder abuse, which centre on the actions or inactions of a person or persons where there is an expectation of trust, ignore wider societal issues like the withdrawal of respect and recognition. This serves to place older people in vulnerable positions.
Standard typologies of abuse were recognised by participants, although sexual abuse was not commonly mentioned except when prompted. However, what also emerged was a new concept of ‘personhood abuse’. This refers to societal attitudes; how these affect a person’s confidence, autonomy and agency resulting in an inability to say no or to stand up for oneself against abusive
acts, words and pressures possibly from fear of negative repercussions such as withdrawal of contact and/or care. Many ways were identified to support older people and reduce the opportunity for abusive actions to occur. They centred on community-based and peer supports through ‘having someone to talk
to’ and being aware of their rights. Continued involvement in community based activity which keeps people active and participating in society, such as community transport and clubs, supported people’s access to amenities and opportunities for engagement and were identified as ways to
prevent abuse from happening. Enhanced status, resources and support therefore need to be given to these types of community activities to prevent abuse occurring in the first place. These types of supports can enable older people to share their concerns in an everyday setting and to gain informal support and confidence; seeking more formal interventions when necessary.

Dubai revisited: is new planned housing sustainable?

Dubai, the second largest city of the United Arab Emirates, is a fast growing hub with increasing need for infrastructure, housing and public facilities. Dubai is trying to market itself as an attractive holiday destination, which saw the launching and building of large scale planned communities, some of which are located on reclaimed land along the city's coast line. This paper reviews Dubai\'s green building agenda by examining the scale and typologies of new and planned low carbon projects, and discusses the potential of renewable sources of energy that can reduce the country's dependence on fossil fuels and improve the country's long term sustainability. It assesses the potential of solar energy, wind power, and geo-thermal energy in Dubai and the UAE in general.

The Architecture of Home in Cairo: Socio-Spatial Practice of the Hawari's Everyday Life

The hawari of Cairo - narrow non-straight alleyways - are the basic urban units that have formed the medieval city since its foundation back in 969 AD. Until early in the C20th, they made up the primary urban divisions of the city and were residential in nature. Contemporary hawari, by contrast, are increasingly dominated by commercial and industrial activity. This medieval urban maze of extremely short, broken, zigzag streets and dead ends are defensible territories, powerful institutions, and important social systems. While the hawari have been studied as an exemplar for urban structure of medieval Islamic urbanism, and as individual building typologies, this book is the first to examine in detail the socio-spatial practice of the architecture of home in the city. It investigates how people live, communicate and relate to each other within their houses or shared spaces of the alleys, and in doing so, to uncover several new socio-spatial dimensions and meanings in this architectural form.

In an attempt to re-establish the link between architecture past and present, and to understand the changing social needs of communities, this book uncovers the notion of home as central to understand architecture in such a city with long history as Cairo. It firstly describes the historical development of the domestic spaces (indoor and outdoor), and provides an inclusive analysis of spaces of everyday activities in the hawari of old Cairo. It then broadens its analysis to other parts of the city, highlighting different customs and representations of home in the city at large. Cairo, in the context of this book, is represented as the most sophisticated urban centre in the Middle East with different and sometimes contrasting approaches to the architecture of home, as a practice and spatial system.

In order to analyse the complexity and interconnectedness of the components and elements of the hawari as a 'collective home', it layers its narratives of architectural and social developments as a domestic environment over the past two hundred years, and in doing so, explores the in-depth social meaning and performance of spaces, both private and public.

The Emergence of Rural Support Organisations in the UK and Canada: Providing Support for Patrilineal Family Farming

A certain type of rural support has emerged since agricultural restructuring of the 1980s. The article draws on research from the UK and Canada to suggest that support in both countries is derived from a patrilineal culture that still dominates family farming in both countries. Such a way of life, it is argued, involves the majority of farming men and women across generations working increasingly hard to ensure farm survival in order to facilitate an overall pattern of farm succession via the male or ‘patrilineal’ line. The article begins by providing a conceptualisation of patrilineal family farming drawing on insights from gender-informed work on farming identities, political-economy approaches from agricultural geography and the cultural turn in rural studies. This section will provide theoretical direction for discussion of the research findings. Here the article presents a discussion of the context to and typologies of organisations that emerged and five key findings derived from research conducted with members of the organisations in the UK and Canada. This assists in developing the argument that the emergent organisations are responding to and supporting this way of life and highlights some of the potential implications of doing so. The article has two aims. Firstly, it suggests that family farming in the UK and Canada continues to be predominantly structured by a way of life transmitted across generations which has the overall prerequisite of maintaining farm survival to enable patrilineal succession. Secondly, it suggests that a particular type of support for farming families emerged as a response to perceived threats to this way of life and provides evidence of its enduring nature.

Welfare regimes and household income packaging in the European Union

This paper uses harmonized data for the member states of the European Union to analyse household income packaging from a 'welfare regimes' perspective. Using data from the third wave of the ECHP, it looks at how the role of welfare transfers in the income package varies across countries and welfare regimes, and assesses whether this is consistent with the predictions of welfare regime theory, having first elaborated some specific hypotheses in that regard. It finds that when one focuses on averages across countries categorized into regimes, many of these hypotheses about the role of transfers are in broad terms borne out by the evidence. However, when one focuses on individual countries rather than regime averages the picture is a good deal more complex and consistency with the range of hypotheses more limited. It is essential that this variation across countries is taken into account in interpreting and using welfare regime theory and typologies.

'Grooming' and the Sexual Abuse of Children: Implications for Sex Offender Assessment, Treatment and Management

'Grooming' has been termed 'a ubiquitous feature of the sexual abuse of children' (Thornton, 2003: 144). Despite the prominence of the term in contemporary discourses on sexual offending against children, it is a term that is insufficiently understood in the psychological, sociological, criminological or legal literature. Most recently, the term has been used in two primary offending contexts - on-line grooming and abuse by strangers, and institutional grooming and abuse by those in positions of trust. This article argues, however, that grooming and its role in child sexual abuse is a multi-faceted phenomenon and much more complex than has been highlighted previously. While there are a number of typologies of grooming, this article concentrates on those which may be most relevant for treatment and management contexts - 'peer-to-peer grooming' and 'institutional grooming.' Drawing on extensive fieldwork with professionals who work in the fields of child protection or victim support, and sex offender assessment, treatment or management across the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland, the aim of this article is two-fold: (i) to deconstruct the term grooming and examine its actual role in the onset of sexual offending against children; and (ii) to draw out the implications of these complexities for policy and practice, chiefly in terms of treatment and prevention.

Overconfidence, sexual health awareness and sexual health risk among young female users of sexual health clinics

This study explored the patterning of young people’s sexual health competence, and how this relates to sexual health outcomes. A survey of 381 young people attending two sexual health clinics in Northern Ireland was carried out between 2009 and 2010. Latent profile analysis of self-rated decision making, self-rated sexual health knowledge, and knowledge of sexually transmitted disease questionnaire scores was used to determine typologies of sexual health competence. Analysis revealed three categories of sexual health competence and explored their association with other behaviours and social characteristics. Young people’s subjective opinion of their sexual health competency, when not matched with a corresponding knowledge of sexual health, could place people at an increased risk of poor sexual health outcomes. Greater levels of peer pressure to have sex and early sexual debut were associated with poorer sexual health knowledge. This finding warrants further investigation, as the importance of self-perceived competence for sexual health screening and education programmes are considerable.

Designing for dementia : an assessment of the impact of the physical environment on wayfinding success for residents in long term care settings

It is acknowledged that one of the consequences of the ageing process is cognitive decline, which leads to an increase in the incidence of illnesses such as dementia. This has become ever more relevant due to the projected increase in the ageing demographic. Dementia affects visuo-spatial perception, causing difficulty with wayfinding, even during the early stages of the disease. The literature widely recognises the physical environment’s role in alleviating symptoms of dementia and improving quality of life for residents. It also identifies the lack of available housing options for older people with dementia and consequently the current stock is ill-equipped to provide adequate support.
Recent statistics indicate that 80% of those residing in nursing or residential care homes have some form of dementia or severe memory problems. The shift towards institutional care settings, the need for specialist support and care, places a greater impetus on the need for a person-centred approach to tackle issues related to wayfinding and dementia.
This thesis therefore aims to improve design for dementia in nursing and residential care settings in the context of Northern Ireland. This will be undertaken in order to provide a better understanding of how people with dementia experience the physical environment and to highlight features of the design that assist with wayfinding. Currently there are limited guidelines on design for dementia, meaning that many of these are theoretical, anecdotal and not definitive. Hence a greater verification to address the less recognised design issues is required. This is intended to ultimately improve quality of life, wellbeing, independence and uphold the dignity of people with dementia living in nursing or residential care homes.
The research design uses a mixed methods approach. A thorough preparation and consideration of ethical issues informed the methodology. The various facets were also trialled and piloted to identify any ethical, technological, methodological, data collection and analysis issues. The protocol was then amended to improve or resolve any of the aforementioned issues. Initially a questionnaire based on leading design recommendations was conducted with home managers. Semi-structured interviews were developed from this and conducted with staff and resident’s next of kin. An evidence-based approach was used to design a study which used ethnographic methods, including a wayfinding task. This followed a repeated measures design which would be used to actively engage residents with dementia in the research. Complementary to the wayfinding task, conversational and semi-structured interviews were used to promote dialogue and direct responses with the person with dementia. In addition to this, Space Syntax methodologies were used to examine the physical properties of the architectural layout. This was then cross-examined with interview responses and data from the wayfinding tasks.
A number of plan typologies were identified and were determined as synonymous with decision point types which needed to be made during the walks. The empirical work enabled the synthesis of environmental features which support wayfinding.
Results indicate that particular environmental features are associated with improved performance on the wayfinding tasks. By enhancing design for dementia, through identifying the attributes, challenges with wayfinding may be overcome and the benefits of the physical environment can be seen to promote wellbeing.
The implications of this work mean that the environmental features which have been highlighted from the project can be used to inform guidelines, thus adding to existing knowledge. Future work would involve the dissemination of this information and the potential for it to be made into design standards or regulations which champion design for dementia. These would increase awareness for designers and stakeholders undertaking new projects, extensions or refurbishments.
A person-centred, evidence-based design was emphasised throughout the project which guaranteed an in-depth study. There were limitations due to the available resources, time and funding. Future research would involve testing the identified environmental features within a specific environment to enable measured observation of improvements.

A case for facade integrated solar thermal systems.

This paper explores the potential for façade located solar thermal collectors. Building typologies with limited roof space area are highlighted. A relationship exists between hot water consumption and the solar collector area; hence, a literature review of the hot water consumption of different building typologies is conducted. The review showed that there is a paucity of information on the hot water consumption of buildings, primarily attributed to the difficulty in quantifying it. The hot water consumption is typically describedusing liters per capita per day (Lcd) units, with a broad range of values existing, dependent, primarily on the building's function and location. Asimulation-based study is conducted to size solar thermal systems for different buildings and their associated hot water loads. High solar fractions,for buildings with high levels of hot water consumption, could only be achievedby using significantly largercollector surface areas. As a result, façade located solar thermal collectors are required for certain high-rise buildings that aim to provide for their hot water needs using a considerable portion of solar energy.

A cultura cerâmica no design da joalharia portuguesa

Este trabalho de investigação tem como objectivo contribuir para o aprofundamento de estudos vocacionados para o desenvolvimento de novos produtos, suportado pelo encontro entre duas Culturas do Fazer, a cerâmica e a joalharia, e orientado pela Cultura do Projecto, o design. A análise e a ponderação acerca dos pontos em comum entre estas duas culturas materiais, em particular no contexto português, são a base para a definição e a aplicação de um novo concept de produto, mediado por uma metodologia projectual e sustentado nas noções de Modularidade, de Arquétipo, de Tipologia, de Valor Semântico, de Valor Simbólico, de Sistema de Produto e de Design Estratégico. Esta dissertação desenvolve-se ao longo de duas partes, após uma introdução em que se define o objecto de estudo e a metodologia da investigação. A primeira parte tem quatro capítulos. O primeiro capítulo trata do enquadramento teórico da Cultura Cerâmica a partir de uma análise históricotipologica (desde a cultura mesopotâmica até ao século XXI) orientando-se para o contexto português: os lugares de produção cerâmica e o azulejo como portador de cultura. O segundo capítulo, centrando-se em Portugal como lugar de investigação, estuda a Joalharia num âmbito experimental, analisando o valor simbólico da jóia. No terceiro capítulo interpreta-se o design entre tradição e inovação, nomeadamente a sua importância como veiculador cultural, o seu relacionamento com o artesanato e a relevância do laboratório como lugar de experimentação. O quarto capítulo analisa a acção do cruzamento entre os dois sectores – cerâmica e joalharia – na definição da cultura material, na Europa e em Portugal. Clarifica-se também o conceito de Sistema de Produto quando aplicado, como projecto piloto, à Joalharia, servindo-se de estudos de caso como mediadores experimentais. A segunda parte tem três capítulos. No primeiro capítulo analisam-se e averiguam-se tipologias de jóias existentes, assim como algumas provas laboratoriais que permitem o entendimento da tecnologia cerâmica no desenvolvimento de um projecto de Joalharia. Possibilita-se, deste modo, o surgimento dos primeiros estudos tipológico-formais determinantes para a definição da tipologia de projecto jóia-azulejo. No segundo capítulo define-se uma estratégia metodológica para aplicar a um produto de jóia cerâmica, analisando a particular importância do factor emocional na tomada de decisão do cliente. O terceiro capítulo defende um projecto experimental, como momento de verificação, aplicação e materialização do estudo desenvolvido nesta dissertação, proporcionando uma ocasião projectual para avaliar as potencialidades de um produto futuro, orientado pelo design, fruto do cruzamento entre a Cultura Cerâmica e a Joalharia em Portugal.

Metodologia de selecção de materiais em design: base de dados nacional

Desde a Pré-História que a escolha de materiais esteve relacionada com a Arte. Mais tarde, durante a Idade Moderna vai ganhando uma importância cada vez maior. Atingida que foi a Idade Contemporânea, nomeadamente após a Revolução Industrial e durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial, devido ao aumento do número de materiais disponíveis, é que se pode falar de uma verdadeira seleção de materiais. É também após a Revolução Industrial que se clarificam as relações entre a evolução dos materiais e os movimentos e correntes das Artes Plásticas. Neste contexto, estudaram-se as interligações entre o processo de design e as metodologias de seleção, assim como as diversas tipologias de ferramentas existentes para esse efeito. Deste estudo, consideradas as respetivas vantagens e limitações, foi possível identificar bases de dados essencialmente técnicas, ou ao invés, ferramentas para inspiração com muitas imagens e pouca informação sobre as propriedades dos materiais. Para completar este levantamento crítico sobre processos e ferramentas de seleção, inquiriram-se cinquenta e três profissionais que trabalhavam em diferentes gabinetes de design portugueses. As perguntas dirigidas aos designers portugueses versaram sobre problemas relacionados com a escolha de materiais, abrangendo o tipo de matériasprimas empregues, processos utilizados e a qualidade da informação obtida. Na sequência deste estudo, verificou-se a existência de diversas lacunas relativamente aos meios disponíveis, rotinas de seleção, qualidade da informação existente e metodologias utilizadas. Foi neste contexto que se iniciou o projeto de criação de uma nova metodologia suportada por uma ferramenta digital. Os principais aspetos inovadores são: uma melhor interligação entre a metodologia de design e o processo de seleção de materiais e a sua sincronização; a informação necessária em cada etapa e o destaque dos fatores catalisadores da seleção de materiais. Outro elemento inovador foi a conjugação de três formas deferentes de seleção de materiais numa só ferramenta (a geral, a visual e a específica) e a hipótese de aceder a diferentes graus de informação. A metodologia, no contexto dos recursos disponíveis, foi materializada sob a forma de ferramenta digital (ptmaterials.com). O protótipo foi aferido com testes de usabilidade de cariz heurístico, com a participação de dezanove utilizadores. Foram detetadas diversas falhas de interação que condicionaram a liberdade e o controlo da navegação no seio da interface. Os utilizadores também mencionaram a existência de lacunas na prevenção de erros e a ligação do sistema à lógica habitual de outras aplicações já existentes. No entanto, também constituiu um estímulo a circunstância da maioria dos designers avaliarem o sistema como eficaz, eficiente, satisfatório e confirmarem o interesse da existência dos três tipos de seleção. Posteriormente, ao analisar os restantes resultados dos testes de usabilidade, também foram evidenciadas as vantagens dos diferentes tipos de informação disponibilizada e a utilidade de uma ferramenta desta natureza para a Indústria e Economia Nacionais. Esta ferramenta é apenas um ponto de partida, existindo espaço para melhorar a proposta, apesar da concretização de uma ferramenta digital ser um trabalho de grande complexidade. Não obstante se tratar de um protótipo, esta ferramenta está adequada aos dias de hoje e é passível de evoluir no futuro, tendo também a possibilidade de vir a ser preferencialmente utilizada por outros países de língua portuguesa.