977 resultados para Ta-JA1
Resumo:
自发现BiSrCaCuO超导体以来,为了稳定2223高T_C相结构、增加其在超导体中的含量,在该体系中引入掺杂元素Pb被公认是最有效的方法。我们系统研究了V~(5+)、Nb~(5+)、Ta~(5+)高价离子的单独掺入Bi系中对
Resumo:
氢能已被广泛认为是最具有潜力解决能源危机和环境问题的理想替代能源之一,其开发备受各个领域科学家的重视,更是从根本上解决环境地球化学工作者的主要目标:对已被破坏的环境和生态进行修复以及对可能破坏环境与生态的人类活动进行干预和指导。在众多的氢能开发手段中,利用太阳能光催化分解水制取氢气是一种兼顾能耗、资源和环境的最为理想和最有前途的氢能开发手段之一。在光催化分解水过程中,最为首要的研究内容就是开发具有适宜能带结构能响应可见光,稳定地、高量子效率地光解水的固相半导体光催化剂。 本论文中,通过高温固相反应合成了呈四方晶系钨青铜结构的半导体光催化剂K4Ce2M10O30(M=Ta, Nb),吸收边分别达到580 nm (M=Ta) 和690 nm (M=Nb),对应带隙为2.2 eV和1.8 eV。可见光下(λ> 420 nm)光催化分解H2O产生H2和O2的活性表明它们不仅有适宜的带隙响应可见光,并且其价带和导带位置能满足完全分解水的电化学电位需要。在担载Pt、RuO2以及NiO(NiOx)等助催化剂对产氢性能有显著的提高。同时以乙醇钽和草酸铌可溶性前驱体,分别通过溶胶凝胶法(Sol-gel)和聚合物络合法(Polymerizable Complex)制备了K4Ce2Ta10O30和K4Ce2Nb10O30。通过湿法化学合成的光催化剂显示了更高的光催化活性,并且通过PC法制备的K4Ce2Nb10O30更是实现了在大于300 nm 的光辐射下完全分解纯水产生摩尔比为约2:1 的H2和O2。 通过高温固相反应得到Nb取代K4Ce2Ta10O30中部分晶格Ta形成的单相无限固溶体系列K4Ce2Ta10-xNbxO30(x=0~10)是结构一致的同系物,吸收边介于540 nm~710 nm 之间,并且随着x的增加,吸收边依次红移,光催化产氢活性依次降低,但是x=2,5,8时的产氧活性比x=0和10的高,光催化活性的差异主要源于它们光吸收特性和能带结构的差异。基于密度范函理论DFT的第一性原理计算结果表明,光催化剂K4Ce2M10O30(M=Ta, Nb)的能带结构为:导带主要由Ta 5d (Nb 4d)组成,处于高能级的电子未占据态的Ce 4f 与其有很明显的重迭,但由于其高度局域特性,不能很好地参与光生电子在导带的传导,从而其对光催化活性的贡献很小,而价带则由O 2p与Ta 5d (Nb 4d)以及电子占据态的Ce 4f杂化轨道组成。同时通过高温固相反应合成了系列含稀土元素的光催化剂K4Re2M10O30(Re=La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Y; M=Ta, Nb),通过对它们及其前驱体氧化物的光吸收特性以及电子结构的第一性原理计算研究,合理的解释了只有当Ln=Ce时才具有可见光响应特性的微观机理。
Resumo:
We report results of classical molecular-dynamics simulations of bcc and beta-Ta thin films. Thermal PVD film growth, surface roughness, argon ion bombardment, phase stability and transformation, vacancy and adatom diffusion, and thermal relaxation kinetics are discussed. Distinct differences between the two structures are observed, including a complex vacancy diffusion mechanism in beta-Ta. Embedded atom method potentials, which were fitted to bcc properties, have been used to model the Ta-Ta interactions. In order to verify the application of these potentials to the more complex beta-Ta structure, we have also performed density functional theory calculations. Results and implications of these calculations are discussed.
Resumo:
We describe extensive studies on a family of perovskite oxides that are ferroelectric and ferromagnetic at ambient temperatures. The data include x-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, measurements of ferroelectric and magnetic hysteresis, dielectric constants, Curie temperatures, electron microscopy
(both scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)) studies, and both longitudinal and transverse magnetoelectric constants a33 and a31. The study extends earlier work to lower Fe, Ta, and Nb concentrations at the B-site (from 15%–20% down to 5%). The magnetoelectric
constants increase supralinearly with Fe concentrations, supporting the earlier conclusions of a key role for Fe spin clustering. The room-temperature orthorhombic C2v point group symmetry inferred from earlier x-ray diffraction studies is confirmed via TEM, and the primitive unit cell size is found to be the basic perovskite Z¼1 structure of BaTiO3, also the sequence of phase transitions with increasing temperature from rhombohedral to orthorhombic to tetragonal to cubic mimics barium titanate.