Evaluación del cashmanagement de Produbanco aplicando la metodología Cuadro de mando integral

El servicio al cliente, hoy por hoy, identificado como una fuente de respuestas a las necesidades del mercado; debe contemplar una estrategia más dinámica. Instituciones de servicio como las Financieras y las Entidades Bancarias, deben emprender estos retos, para elevar el nivel de su competitividad en el ámbito Local e Internacional. Para entrar en nuevos mercados se hace necesario diseñar una estrategia interna y externa, a fin de conseguir mantener los Clientes habituales que posee y la atracción de nuevos; indudablemente con esto, podremos hablar de una comunicación adecuada y fluida y de una "satisfacción de las necesidades de nuestros clientes", y seguramente la atracción de otros muchos más. Analizando lo anterior, es posible plantear la siguiente pregunta: ¿Como el Cuadro de Mando Integral evalúa el desempeño en del Cashmanagement de Produbanco? El objeto de estudio, en esta investigación es: EVALUAR EL CASHMANAGEMENT DE PRODUBANCO APLICANDO LA METODOLOGÍA DE CUADRO DE MANDO INTEGRAL. De este modo, el desarrollo de la investigación conduce al siguiente objetivo: Desarrollar un modelo de gestión aplicando la metodología de Cuadro de Mando Integral y aplicarlo en el proceso de planificación estratégica. En el presente trabajo partimos con fundamentación teórica que sustenta nuestro trabajo. En el segundo capítulo se realiza un diagnostico situacional de la empresa, donde se define la visión, la misión y estrategia, un análisis FODA y definición de temas estratégicos. En el tercer capítulo continuamos con la definición de objetivos e indicadores; que sirven de referencia para evaluar y medir los avances de la organización, todo esto se lo realiza para llegar al concepto de Cuadro de Mando Integral que se define de la siguiente manera: “El Cuadro de Mando Integral es una herramienta de gestión estratégica que permite gerenciar cualquier tipo de empresa, en forma integral, balanceado y estratégicamente”. Para aplicar esta definición se desarrollará indicadores desde las cuatro perspectivas Financiera, del Cliente, de los Procesos Internos y de Crecimiento y Aprendizaje que constituyen el CMI, estas perspectivas ayudarán a los gerentes a considerar todos los aspectos organizativos en un mismo reporte de control que les facilita la toma de decisiones con la finalidad de conseguir las metas estratégicas de la organización. Finalmente termina este trabajo formulando conclusiones y recomendaciones que son útiles en el proceso de elaboración e implementación del Cuadro de Mando Integral. En este sentido podremos responder si el Cuadro de Mando Integral es la herramienta que contribuye a mejorar el desempeño del producto Cashmanagement de Produbanco y si el Cuadro Mando Integral es la herramienta que proporcionará un temprano feedback al área de Cashmanagement de Produbanco respecto a la estrategia planteada, para una oportuna toma de decisiones, aprovechando la estructura y elementos existentes en el sistema.

Convergence analysis of chip- and fractionally spaced LMS adaptive multiuser CDMA detectors

This paper analyzes the convergence behavior of the least mean square (LMS) filter when used in an adaptive code division multiple access (CDMA) detector consisting of a tapped delay line with adjustable tap weights. The sampling rate may be equal to or higher than the chip rate, and these correspond to chip-spaced (CS) and fractionally spaced (FS) detection, respectively. It is shown that CS and FS detectors with the same time-span exhibit identical convergence behavior if the baseband received signal is strictly bandlimited to half the chip rate. Even in the practical case when this condition is not met, deviations from this observation are imperceptible unless the initial tap-weight vector gives an extremely large mean squared error (MSE). This phenomenon is carefully explained with reference to the eigenvalues of the correlation matrix when the input signal is not perfectly bandlimited. The inadequacy of the eigenvalue spread of the tap-input correlation matrix as an indicator of the transient behavior and the influence of the initial tap weight vector on convergence speed are highlighted. Specifically, a initialization within the signal subspace or to the origin leads to very much faster convergence compared with initialization in the a noise subspace.

Integration of a 3D Variational data assimilation scheme with a coastal area morphodynamic model of Morecambe Bay

This paper describes the implementation of a 3D variational (3D-Var) data assimilation scheme for a morphodynamic model applied to Morecambe Bay, UK. A simple decoupled hydrodynamic and sediment transport model is combined with a data assimilation scheme to investigate the ability of such methods to improve the accuracy of the predicted bathymetry. The inverse forecast error covariance matrix is modelled using a Laplacian approximation which is calibrated for the length scale parameter required. Calibration is also performed for the Soulsby-van Rijn sediment transport equations. The data used for assimilation purposes comprises waterlines derived from SAR imagery covering the entire period of the model run, and swath bathymetry data collected by a ship-borne survey for one date towards the end of the model run. A LiDAR survey of the entire bay carried out in November 2005 is used for validation purposes. The comparison of the predictive ability of the model alone with the model-forecast-assimilation system demonstrates that using data assimilation significantly improves the forecast skill. An investigation of the assimilation of the swath bathymetry as well as the waterlines demonstrates that the overall improvement is initially large, but decreases over time as the bathymetry evolves away from that observed by the survey. The result of combining the calibration runs into a pseudo-ensemble provides a higher skill score than for a single optimized model run. A brief comparison of the Optimal Interpolation assimilation method with the 3D-Var method shows that the two schemes give similar results.

Temporal coupling between stimulus-evoked neural activity and hemodynamic responses from individual cortical columns

Using previously published data from the whisker barrel cortex of anesthetized rodents (Berwick et al 2008 J. Neurophysiol. 99 787–98) we investigated whether highly spatially localized stimulus-evoked cortical hemodynamics responses displayed a linear time-invariant (LTI) relationship with neural activity. Presentation of stimuli to individual whiskers of 2 s and 16 s durations produced hemodynamics and neural activity spatially localized to individual cortical columns. Two-dimensional optical imaging spectroscopy (2D-OIS) measured hemoglobin responses, while multi-laminar electrophysiology recorded neural activity. Hemoglobin responses to 2 s stimuli were deconvolved with underlying evoked neural activity to estimate impulse response functions which were then convolved with neural activity evoked by 16 s stimuli to generate predictions of hemodynamic responses. An LTI system more adequately described the temporal neuro-hemodynamics coupling relationship for these spatially localized sensory stimuli than in previous studies that activated the entire whisker cortex. An inability to predict the magnitude of an initial 'peak' in the total and oxy- hemoglobin responses was alleviated when excluding responses influenced by overlying arterial components. However, this did not improve estimation of the hemodynamic responses return to baseline post-stimulus cessation.

Synthesis of YAP nanopowder by a soft chemistry route

Polycrystalline fine powder of YAlO(3) (YAP) was synthesized by the modified polymeric precursor method. A preliminary gradual pyrolytic decomposition under nitrogen flux was crucial in the removal process of organic residues to avoid the formation of molecular level inhomogeneities. YAP single phase was crystallized at temperatures between 950 degrees C and 1000 degrees C using chemically homogeneous ball-milled amorphous particles and very fast heating rates, corresponding to the lowest synthesis temperature of pure YAP nanopowder by soft chemistry routes. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Microstructural, structural and dielectric properties of Er(3+)-modified BaTi(0.85)Zr(0.15)O(3) ceramics

The (micro)structural and electrical properties of undoped and Er(3+)-doped BaTi(0.85)Zr(0.15)O(3) ceramics were studied in this work for both nominal Ba(2+) and Ti(4+) substitution formulations. The ceramics were produced from solid-state reaction and sintered at 1400 degrees C for 3 h. For those materials prepared following the donor-type nominal Ba(1-x)Er(x)(Ti(0.85)Zr(0.15))O(3) composition, especially, Er(3+) however showed a preferential substitution for the (Ti,Zr)(4+) lattice sites. This allowed synthesis of a finally acceptor-like, highly resistive Ba(Ti,Zr,Er)O(3-delta)-like system, with a solubility limit below but close to 3 cat.% Er(3+). The overall phase development is discussed in terms of the amphoteric nature of Er(3+), and appears to mainly or, at least, partially also involve a minimization of stress effects from the ion size mismatch between the dopant and host cations. Further results presented here include a comparative analysis of the behavior of the materials` grain size, electrical properties and nature of the ferroelectric-to-paraelectric phase transition upon variation of the formulation and Er(3+) content. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Microstructural, structural and electrical properties of La(3+)-modified Bi(4)Ti(3)O(12) ferroelectric ceramics

Bi(4-x)La(x)Ti(3)O(12) (BLT) ceramics were prepared and studied in this work in terms of La(3+)-modified microstructure and phase development as well as electrical response. According to the results processed from X-ray diffraction and electrical measurements, the solubility limit (XL) of La(3+) into the Bi(4)Ti(3)O(12) (BIT) matrix was here found to locate slightly above x = 1.5. Further, La(3+) had the effect of reducing the material grain size, while changing its morphology from the plate-like form, typical of BIT ceramics, to a spherical-like one. The electrical results presented and discussed here also include the behavior of the temperature of the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition as well as the normal or diffuse and/or relaxor nature of this transition depending on the La(3+) content. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All fights reserved.

Effect of pH on the production of dispersed Bi4Ge3O12 nanoparticles by combustion synthesis

This paper reports the production of bismuth germanate ceramic scintillator (Bi4Ge3O12) by combustion synthesis (SHS) method, focusing on the influence of the synthesis parameters on the crystalline phases and agglomeration of the nanoparticles. The synthesis and sintering conditions were investigated through thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction as function of temperature, dilatometry and scanning electron microscopy. Well-dispersed Bi4Ge3O12 powder was accomplished by the combustion of the initial solution at pH 9, followed by low temperature calcination and milling. Sintered ceramics presented relative density of 98% and single crystalline Bi4Ge3O12 phase. The luminescent properties of the ceramics were investigated by photo- and radio- luminescence measurements and reproduced the typical Bi4Ge3O12 single-crystal spectra when excited with UV, beta and X-rays. The sintered ceramics presented light output of 4.4 x 10(3) photons/McV. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd.

As condições e a organização de trabalho dos policiais militares que executam o policiamento ostensivo : um estudo de caso na Brigada Militar em Porto Alegre/RS

O presente estudo tem por objetivo investigar em que medida os fatores vinculados às condições e à organização de trabalho influenciam as vivências de sofrimento e prazer dos policiais militares que executam o serviço de policiamento ostensivo em Porto Alegre. Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva, do tipo estudo de caso, fundamentada essencialmente na metodologia preconizada pela psicopatologia do trabalho, desenvolvida por Christophe Dejours e colaboradores. Esta metodologia apóia-se, fundamentalmente, na vivência subjetiva dos trabalhadores, isto é, aquela que provém do inconsciente, extraída do comentário verbal de um grupo de pessoas. Desse modo, as condições e a organização de trabalho dos policiais militares são articuladas com o conjunto de discursos e práticas institucionais que cercam o fenômeno e com o sofrimento físico e mental produzido pela atividade policial. São privilegiados, na análise, aspectos relacionados com as pressões físicas, químicas e biológicas, e as divisões técnica e social do trabalho e sua associação com as vivências de sofrimento, de prazer, além de aspectos relativos à defasagem entre trabalho prescrito e real. Conclui-se que a precariedade das condições de trabalho, aliada à rigidez estabelecida na forma de organização de trabalho dos policiais militares, constitui-se em fonte de sofrimento mental que proporciona na vida desses trabalhadores um impacto, que se projeta além dos limites da atividade laboral, alcançando o seu espaço de existência particular.

Processo deliberado de formulação de estratégia : estudo de caso junto a duas grandes empresas do ramo varejista

Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar e descrever o processo de estratégia de duas grandes organizações do ramo varejista pela ótica da estratégia deliberada, destacando as principais características, modelos e ferramentas teóricas que se aplicam aos casos empíricos. Assim, realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, essencialmente descritiva, com abordagem de estudo de caso junto ao Makro Atacadista e a Wal-Mart. Observou-se que o processo de estratégia do Makro caracteriza-se por ser formal, consciente, sistemático, contínuo e organizado e por seguir uma seqüência bem definida de etapas pré-programadas. Os agentes estratégicos são os Diretores da empresa e a estratégia é tornada explícita através de planos e programas. Na Wal-Mart, a formulação da estratégia passa por um processo de concepção, no qual o líder (Presidente da empresa) tem papel fundamental. O modelo é simples e informal e as estratégias são implementadas através de um processo de institucionalização. Nos dois casos, a formulação da estratégia precede a implementação, sendo que a formulação é responsabilidade do Presidente e Diretores e a implementação é executada por seus subordinados. Não se utilizam nos casos as ferramentas analíticas propostas por alguns teóricos da estratégia deliberada e a análise da concorrência é realizada de modo intuitivo. Além disso, não se verifica um modelo de estratégia padrão para as empresas estudadas. Cada qual impõe as suas especificidades organizacionais ao processo de estratégia. Observou-se que o processo deliberado gera integração e unidade entre os funcionários das empresas, pois todos se alinham num foco comum. Constatou-se ainda a importância do sistema tecnológico das empresas no processo de estratégia, principalmente no que se refere ao controle estratégico. Por fim, o estudo realizado pela ótica da estratégia deliberada demonstrou-se importante, pois, ao contrário do que alguns teóricos, em especial Mintzberg, argumentam, os processos de estratégia empíricos

Fuga do Pato

Música componente do jogo “Musikinésia (http://www.loa.sead.ufscar.br/musikinesia.php)” desenvolvido pela equipe do Laboratório de Objetos de Aprendizagem da Universidade Federal de São Carlos (LOA/UFSCar).

Eficácia do paration metílico e do extrato aquoso de folhas secas de nim no controle de anacanthorus penilabiatus (monogenoidea) em pacu (piaractus mesopotamicus)

This work determined the efficacy of the insecticide methyl parathion and the natural pesticide azadirachtin present in the aqueous extract of dry neem leaves (AEDNL) to Anacanthorus penilabiatus (Monogenoidea) control in pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus). The efficacy of methyl parathion was evaluated in an experiment consisting of six treatments (0.0, 3.0, 4.0, 5.0, 6.0 and 7.0 mg methyl parathion/L water) and five exposure times (2, 4, 8, 16 and 24 h). The efficacy of azadirachtin present in AEDNL was assessed in an experiment consisting of seven treatments (0,0; 25; 50; 75; 100; 125; e 150 mL/L water) and five exposure times (24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 h). The efficacy of methyl parathion increased with increasing concentration and exposure time. The highest control efficacy was obtained with a concentration of 7 mg methyl parathion/L at all exposure times. In this treatment, the highest efficacies were observed at 16 and 24 h of exposure, with a control rate of 96.2 and 97.0%, respectively. For the AEDNL, the highest control efficacy (89.2%) was obtained with a concentration of 2.9 mg/L after 120 h of exposure. The efficacy in the treatments employing 1.47 and 1.18 mg/L was 83.9 and 82.5%, respectively, after 120 h of exposure. Methyl parathion presented a higher efficacy in the control of A. penilabiatus than the AEDNL. The AEDNL was moderately effective in the control of the parasite.

Comparison of fracture surface and plane section analysis for ceramic grain size characterisation

A method has been developed to obtain quantitative information about grain size and shape from fractured surfaces of ceramic materials. One elaborated a routine to split intergranular and transgranular grains facets of ceramic fracture surfaces by digital image processing. A commercial ceramic (ALCOA A-16, Al2O3-1.5% of CrO) was used to test the proposed method. Microstructural measurements of grain shape and size taken from fracture surfaces have been compared through descriptive statistics of distributions, with the corresponding measurements from polished and etched surfaces. The agreement between results, with the expected bias on grain size values from fractures, obtained for both types of surfaces allowed to infer that this new technique can be used to extract the relevant microstructural information from fractured surfaces, thus minimising the time consuming steps of sample preparation. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Alumina developed by pre-gelling starch consolidation (PSC)

In this paper, pre-gelling starch was used to consolidate alumina-dense ceramic suspensions. The colloidal processing of the ceramic was prepared with alumina and commercial potato starch, and slips were prepared with 55 vol% of solids and 0.5 wt.% of starch. This small amount of starch was possible because of a previous pre-gelling starch treatment, resulting in more homogeneous suspensions and particles smaller than starch granules. Additionally, Sucrose was also used as a dispersion aid. After sintering, the samples were analysed according to their mechanical properties. These processes produced ceramics with a 93% relative density, 325 MPa flexural strength, and a Weibull module whose value wits m = 10, maintaining the capacity of this process to produce complex geometric shaped ceramics. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.