Formação inicial e concepções de assistentes sociais do interior do Rio Grande do Norte sobre a sexualidade da pessoa idosa

Pós-graduação em Educação Sexual - FCLAR

Vulnerabilidade ao HIV em estudantes de ensino médio de uma escola pública do interior de São Paulo

Introduction: sexuality is an inherent dimension in the human being, which is present in all stages of his development. However, it becomes relevant during the adolescence as it often sets the beginning of the individuals` sexual life. Objective: this study aimed at identifying the behaviors of adolescents regarding the HIV vulnerability, considering the differences between genders. Methods: it was used a structured questionnaire proposed by the Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education of Brazil with the title “Do I need to text for HIV?” Sample included 136 high school students in the inner state of São Paulo. Results: the results showed an increase in adolescents’ vulnerability to HIV, that is: 59.5% of the participants are in a vulnerable situation. Regarding the gender, research showed that women (33.1%) are more vulnerable than men (26.5%). Conclusion: it is observed that the lack of information is a reality that increases the vulnerability of adolescents, but it is also observed that the mere acquisition of information does not necessarily guarantee behavior change nor HIV prevention.

Comportamento informacional cotidiano de adolescentes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Comportamento informacional cotidiano de adolescentes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Adulthood with Turner Syndrome: Quality of life, psychosocial adjustment and clinical management in 70 Italian women

Abstract Background: Turner syndrome (TS) is a chromosomal abnormality (total or partial absence of one of the sexual chromosomes in some or all cells of the body), which affects approximately 1:2000 female. Principal characteristics are short stature and gonadal disgenesis. Clinical management consist of Growth Hormone (GH) treatment and oestrogen replacement therapy (HRT), to induce development of secondary characteristics and to avoid the sequelae of oestrogen deficiency. Aim of the study: To assess clinical management, quality of life (QoL) and general psychosocial adjustment of women with TS. Population: 70 adult Caucasian females with TS (mean age: 27.8, ± 7.6; range 18-48 y.). Setting: Specialist service for Rare Disease care, University Hospital. Methods: Subjects were required to fill in questionnaires collecting ASR, WHOQOL, and 8 open questions. Data were compared with those of the Italian population or to those collected in a comparison group (70 healthy females, mean age: 27.9, ±7.3, range 21-48 y.). Results: Women with TS are educated as well as the Italian Population, but they have a less successful professional life. They show good QoL in general, but they appeared less satisfied in social area. They had statistically higher scores than the comparison group for depression, anxiety and withdrawal. Are less involved in a love relationship. Diagnosis communication was mostly performed by doctors or parents, satisfaction was higher when information was given by parents. Main preoccupation about TS are infertility, feeling of being different and future health problem. Conclusions: Italian people with TS were generally well adapted and have a good QoL, but lived more often with parents and show impaired sentimental and sexual life. They have higher degree of psychological distress compared to a comparison group. Psychological intervention should firstly address parents in order to encourage an open communication on diagnosis issues and on sexual education.

Addressing teenage pregnancy in rural areas: A case study from Liberty County, Texas

This study explores the issue of teenage pregnancy in a case study of Liberty County, a rural area in Texas with no public health department. It also describes the decision-making process and barriers faced in the beginning phases of adopting a sexual education program, and sets forth an implementation plan for two school districts on disseminating an evidence-based, comprehensive curriculum. Methods include a review of epidemiological data surrounding teenage pregnancy on the national, state, and county level; a literature review of factors related to teenage pregnancy and past interventions implemented in a rural community; a policy review of past and current bills in Legislature; and an analysis of barriers and decision making in implementing an evidence based program through qualitative observations, discussions with community members during meetings, presentations, and discussions. Results of this study indicate that there is a lack of research conducted in rural areas in the field of teenage pregnancy prevention and sexual education programs. Barriers experienced in Liberty County are shown to be consistent in scientific literature such as funding, logistical issues, and problems approaching the School Board in adopting a comprehensive sexual education program. This study fills a large gap in the literature on rural adolescents and attempts to analyze the process of decision-making in a rural area related to adoption of sexual education programming. In order to relieve this health disparity, further research should focus on rural areas to gain insight on the attitudes and behaviors of rural adolescents and beliefs among community stakeholders.^

Sida y mujer : un análisis prospectivo de las causas de la infección del VIH/SIDA en las mujeres

El presente informe es el resultado de la investigación prospectiva realizada en mujeres infectadas por VIH/SIDA como tema de tesis de Magíster Políticas Sociales y Gestión Local defendida el 25 de noviembre de 2002 en el aula magna de la Facultad de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, UNC. El SIDA no es sólo una enfermedad biológica sino que tiene una fuerte incidencia en lo social. La intención de este trabajo es despertar la inquietud para que las personas se movilicen a trabajar en la prevención y la asistencia, buscando respuestas alternativas que le faciliten al ser humano la posibilidad de tener una vida más digna. Las estadísticas nacionales demuestran una marcada feminización de esta epidemia. Las formas que asume la sexualidad son muy variadas y están determinadas por el tiempo y lugar donde vivimos. Las mujeres sufren una falta de contención de sus parejas sexuales con escasa toma de conciencia de la posibilidad de progresión de la enfermedad si no se utilizan métodos de barrera, que está íntimamente relacionado con la falta de educación sexual, también en el varón. Como conclusión, podemos decir que el 63,9% de las mujeres no utilizan métodos anticonceptivos debido a temores y prejuicios provocados por la falta de educación sexual. El 75,3% proviene de la negativa del varón a usar preservativo y el 100 % de las mujeres, a pedir el uso del preservativo por vergüenza o miedo. Todo esto nos está demostrando el poco diálogo con sus parejas sexuales y, por parte del hombre, la no protección de la mujer como madre, compañera y miembro útil de la sociedad.

Factors Impacting Grandparent and Grand Child Communication Across Sex- Related Topics in Kenya

Background: Although many studies have investigated sexual communication between parents and children in Kenya, none have focused singularly on grandparent and grandchild communication when grandparents are primary caregivers. Further, few studies have asked about specific topics related to sex, instead asking generally about “sex related topics” or focusing on HIV/AIDS. This research aims to investigate communication on ten specific sex- related topics between grandparents who are primary caregivers and their grandchildren. The primary research aim was to identify facilitators and barriers to grandparent-grandchild communication associated with frequency of communication. A secondary exploratory question was whether frequency of communication and youth satisfaction with communication were associated with youth’s desire for more communication in the future. Methods: The study was conducted in urban and peri-urban central Kenya. A convenience sample of 193 grandparents and 166 twelve to fifteen year old grandchildren were identified by community health workers. A cross sectional survey assessed nine potential barriers or facilitators to communication (e.g., frequency of communication, perceived grandparent knowledge, grandparent sense of responsibility to communication on a given topic) on ten specified sex- related topics (e.g., peer pressure on sex topics, romantic relationships, condoms). Bivariate and multivariable analyses identified significant associations between communication variables and the outcomes of interest. Results: Bivariate regression showed that higher grandchild age, grandchild gender, higher perceived grandparent knowledge, higher perceived grandparent comfort, higher grandparent-reported sense of responsibility, higher grandparent-reported belief that child should be aware of a given topic before initiating in sex, and higher youth’s own comfort during communication, were significantly associated with higher levels of communication frequency. In the multivariable model, higher grandchild age, gender, higher comfort during communication, and higher perceived grandparent knowledge remained significantly associated with higher levels communication frequency. For the secondary research question, higher communication frequency and higher levels of youth satisfaction were both significantly associated with higher levels of youth desire for more communication in bivariate regression, and higher levels of youth’s satisfaction with communication remained significantly associated with higher levels of youth’s desire for more in the adjusted analysis. Conclusions: This study found that several potential barriers and facilitators of communication are associated with both frequency of and youth’s desire for more communication. The association between grandchild age, gender and perceived grandparent knowledge and frequency of communication is similar to findings from other studies that have examined sex-related communication between parent primary caregivers and children. This finding has important implications for understanding grandparent and grandchild communication, and communication on specific topics in a population from Kenya. The positive association between youth satisfaction of and desire for more communication has important education policy and intervention implications, suggesting that if youth are satisfied with the communication with their caregivers, they may want to learn more.

The Perspectives of Gay, Bisexual, and Queer Adolescent Males with Parent-Child Sex Communication

Problem: Gay, bisexual, and queer (GBQ) adolescent males are disproportionately affected by negative sexual health outcomes compared to their heterosexual counterparts. Their sex education needs are not sufficiently addressed in the home and the larger ecological systems. The omission of their sex education needs at a time when they are forming a sexual identity during adolescence compels GBQ males to seek information in unsupervised settings. Evidence-based interventions aimed at ensuring positive sexual health outcomes through sex communication cannot be carried out with these youth as research on how parents and GBQ males discuss sex in the home has been largely uninvestigated.

Methods: This naturalistic qualitative study focused on the interpretive reports of 15- to 20-year-old GBQ males’ discussions about sex-related topics with their parents. From a purposive sample of 30 male adolescents who self-identified as GBQ, participants who could recall at least one conversation about sex with their parents were recruited for one-time interviews and card sorts. This strategy revealed, using Bronfenbrenners’ Bioecological Theory, their perceptions about sex communication in the context of their reciprocal relationship and the ecological systems that GBQ males and their parents navigate.

Results: Parents received poor ratings as sex educators, were generally viewed as not confident in their communication approach, and lacked knowledge about issues pertinent to GBQ sons. Nevertheless, participants viewed parents as their preferred source of sex information and recognized multiple functions of sex communication. The value placed by GBQ youth on sex communication underscores their desire to ensure an uninterrupted parent-child relationship in spite of their GBQ sexual orientation. For GBQ children, inclusive sex communication is a proxy for parental acceptance.

Results show that the timing, prompts, teaching aids, and setting of sex communication for this population are similar to what has been reported with heterosexual samples. However, most GBQ sons rarely had inclusive guidance about sex and sexuality that matched their attraction, behavior, and identities. Furthermore, the assumption of heterosexuality resulted in the early awareness of being different from their peers which led them to covertly search for sex information. The combination of assumed heterosexuality and their early reliance on themselves for applicable information is a missed parental opportunity to positively impact the health of GBQ sons. More importantly, due to the powerful reach of new media, there is a critical period of maximum receptiveness that has been identified which makes inclusive sex communication paramount in the pre-sexual stage for this population. Our findings also indicate that there are plenty of opportunities for systemic improvements to meet this population’s sexual education needs.

Relational and reproductive trajectories leading to adolescent pregnancy in Portugal: a national and regional characterization

INTRODUCTION: The current study aimed to describe the relational and reproductive trajectories leading to adolescent pregnancy in Portugal, and to explore whether there were differences in this process according to adolescents' place of residence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were collected between 2008 and 2013 in 42 public health services using a self-report questionnaire developed by the researchers. The sample consisted of a nationally representative group of pregnant adolescents (n = 459). RESULTS: Regardless of having had one (59.91%) or multiple sexual partners (40.09%), the majority of adolescents became pregnant in a romantic relationship, using contraception at the time of the conception and knowing the contraceptive failure which led to pregnancy (39.22%). In some regions other trajectories were highly prevalent, reflecting options such as planning the pregnancy (Alentejo Region/ Azores Islands), not using contraception (Centro Region/Madeira Islands) or using it incorrectly, without identifying the contraceptive failure (Madeira Islands). On average, romantic relationships were longer than 19 months and adolescents' partners were older than themselves (> 4 years) and no longer in school (75.16%); these results were particularly significant when the pregnancy was planned. DISCUSSION: The knowledge gained in this study shows that prevention efforts must be targeted according to the adolescents' needs in each region and should include high-risk male groups. CONCLUSION: Our results may enable more efficient health policies to prevent adolescent pregnancy in different country regions and support educators and health care providers on sexual education and family planning efforts.

Crenças e atitudes dos profissionais da educação face à sexualidade dos alunos com incapacidade intelectual num agrupamento de escolas da Maia

A sexualidade é um dos aspetos essenciais para o equilíbrio psicossomático e o desenvolvimento integral do ser humano. No caso da sexualidade das pessoas com incapacidade intelectual, o preconceito, mitos, tabus e a discriminação colaboram para uma perspetiva de que a pessoa com incapacidade não tem direito a exercer a sua sexualidade. Neste contexto, esta investigação tem como objetivo descrever e compreender Crenças e Atitudes dos profissionais da educação face à sexualidade dos alunos com incapacidade intelectual num agrupamento de escolas da rede pública. Nesta pesquisa, de tipo descritivo, os dados foram recolhidos através de um questionário em formato digital com perguntas abertas e fechadas e analisados de forma qualitativa e quantitativa. Participaram neste estudo 106 docentes e 50 assistentes operacionais em funções num agrupamento de escolas da Maia. Globalmente, os resultados obtidos mostram que existe concordância elevada nos dois grupos de estudo relativamente ao facto de a sexualidade integrar as várias dimensões (Afetividade, Comunicação, Prazer e Reprodução), da necessidade de obterem informação no âmbito da Educação Sexual e concordância moderada no facto de ser difícil falar sobre o tema da sexualidade com os alunos com Incapacidade Intelectual. Tanto os docentes do sexo masculino, como os assistentes operacionais do mesmo género revelam níveis médios de atitudes positivas superiores relativamente aos pares do sexo feminino.

Relational and reproductive trajectories leading to adolescent pregnancy in Portugal: a national and regional characterization

INTRODUCTION: The current study aimed to describe the relational and reproductive trajectories leading to adolescent pregnancy in Portugal, and to explore whether there were differences in this process according to adolescents' place of residence. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data were collected between 2008 and 2013 in 42 public health services using a self-report questionnaire developed by the researchers. The sample consisted of a nationally representative group of pregnant adolescents (n = 459). RESULTS: Regardless of having had one (59.91%) or multiple sexual partners (40.09%), the majority of adolescents became pregnant in a romantic relationship, using contraception at the time of the conception and knowing the contraceptive failure which led to pregnancy (39.22%). In some regions other trajectories were highly prevalent, reflecting options such as planning the pregnancy (Alentejo Region/ Azores Islands), not using contraception (Centro Region/Madeira Islands) or using it incorrectly, without identifying the contraceptive failure (Madeira Islands). On average, romantic relationships were longer than 19 months and adolescents' partners were older than themselves (> 4 years) and no longer in school (75.16%); these results were particularly significant when the pregnancy was planned. DISCUSSION: The knowledge gained in this study shows that prevention efforts must be targeted according to the adolescents' needs in each region and should include high-risk male groups. CONCLUSION: Our results may enable more efficient health policies to prevent adolescent pregnancy in different country regions and support educators and health care providers on sexual education and family planning efforts.

Relatório de estágio

O presente relatório de estágio pretende descrever e reflectir através das actividades desenvolvidas no âmbito do Estágio de Enfermagem Comunitária no período de 14 de Fevereiro a 30 de Junho de 2011, que foram efectuadas na Escola Secundária Mouzinho de Silveira. Cabe mencionar a temática escolhida como referência ao contexto geral da actividade desenvolvida, que foi a sexualidade na adolescência, com a intenção de transmitir conhecimentos aos adolescentes para efectuarem escolhas acertadas e adoptar estilos de vida saudáveis. Também foi realizada uma intervenção comunitária na área da promoção de comportamentos saudáveis nos hábitos de vida dos adolescentes, da imagem da Escola Superior de Saúde de Portalegre [ESSP] e das diferentes áreas formativas desta Escola. Os destinatários desta intervenção comunitária foram os alunos do 9.º ano e 12.º ano da Área de Ciências e Tecnologia das escolas do Concelho de Portalegre. De entre os aspectos mais importantes das intervenções descritas neste relatório, insere-se a Educação Sexual, com intervenções orientadas de acordo com as finalidades propostas, e que através das necessidades identificadas, opiniões/atitudes dos adolescentes, de modo a adquirir as intervenções neste âmbito. A principal conclusão obtida perante os resultados deste estudo é a necessidade de intervenção na área da educação sexual em meio escolar

Relatório de Estágio de Intervenção Comunitária

O estágio de Intervenção comunitária, integrado no I Mestrado em Enfermagem com Especialização em Enfermagem Comunitária decorreu no período de 14 de Fevereiro a 30 de Junho de 2011. e desenvolveu-se em duas áreas de intervenção: educação sexual na adolescência e promoção de estilos de vida saudáveis. Este relatório pretende descrever, analisar e avaliar as intervenções desenvolvidas bem como as competências adquiridas. O estágio teve como objectivos:  Promover uma sexualidade saudável nos adolescentes em meio escolar;  Promover a imagem da ESSP junto dos jovens das escolas do Concelho de Portalegre;  Promover hábitos de Vida saudáveis junto dos jovens das escolas do Concelho de Portalegre. Esta intervenção decorreu em três instituições de ensino de Portalegre: Escola Secundária Mouzinho da Silveira, Escola Secundária de São Lourenço e ESSP. Importa realçar, que a metodologia de trabalho por nós utilizada durante todo o estágio, foi a metodologia do planeamento em saúde. Para a intervenção recorreu-se às sessões de educação para a saúde, valorizando as necessidades identificadas e as características dos grupos alvo. O desenvolvimento da intervenção com base na metodologia do planeamento em saúde foi essencial para a aquisição de competências em Enfermagem Comunitária

Relatório de Estágio de Enfermagem Comunitária

Este relatório é referente ao estágio de enfermagem comunitária realizado no âmbito do Mestrado em Enfermagem, na área de especialização em enfermagem comunitária. O estágio incidiu na promoção de uma sexualidade saudável e de estilos de vida saudáveis nos adolescentes das escolas secundárias e básicas 2.3 do concelho de Portalegre. Com este relatório pretende-se descrever as intervenções realizadas durante o estágio; refletir sobre a prática do enfermeiro na intervenção comunitária e analisar o desenvolvimento das competências adquiridas. A intervenção comunitária na área da educação sexual na adolescência abrangeu uma população de 276 adolescentes. Foram realizadas 15 sessões de educação para a saúde no âmbito da educação sexual baseadas nas necessidades de informação emergentes do diagnóstico de situação realizado anteriormente. Relativamente às atividades desenvolvidas no âmbito dos estilos de vida saudáveis, integrada na promoção da imagem da ESSP, abrangeu uma população de 317 adolescentes. Estas atividades tiveram por base as orientações do plano nacional de saúde 2004/2010 na área da saúde do adolescente. Foi importante para a aquisição de competências na área da enfermagem comunitária o desenvolvimento das atividades segundo a metodologia do planeamento em saúde