My life as a clone

Zehar, an extremely popular and dignified man, is a renowned scientist. He has worked extremely hard, and spend two years, on a research to make human cloning.His idea was to produce the creature, simply of its own looking and exactly identical as him. To his satisfaction he had accomplished to make the physical characteristic, simply like his own. Even his experiment on a mentality and emotional aspect of a clone was also a success. But his last and the most vital wish, remained a complete failure. He wanted that the soul of the cloning should also be identical like his own soul, as the physical characteristics. But it was a complete different. The character of the cloning was getting too dangerous and later part he found he has to lose all his sympathy of his own clone, as his clone had became the most dangerous enemy in his life. All his fame and his moral character is being uprooted to the public by his clone. Ultimately he decides to kill it, and clone even takes a motto to kill Zehar, if Zehar decides to kill it, simply because, the clone wants to create his own fame to rule the world. Thus the story, gives an advice, to the world of science, that not to try human clones, in particular.

Semantic Enrichment of Scientific Documents with Semantic Lenses – Developing methodologies, tools and prototypes for their concrete use

Con questa dissertazione di tesi miro ad illustrare i risultati della mia ricerca nel campo del Semantic Publishing, consistenti nello sviluppo di un insieme di metodologie, strumenti e prototipi, uniti allo studio di un caso d‟uso concreto, finalizzati all‟applicazione ed alla focalizzazione di Lenti Semantiche (Semantic Lenses).

Scene Reconstruction And Understanding By RGB-D Sensors

This thesis investigates interactive scene reconstruction and understanding using RGB-D data only. Indeed, we believe that depth cameras will still be in the near future a cheap and low-power 3D sensing alternative suitable for mobile devices too. Therefore, our contributions build on top of state-of-the-art approaches to achieve advances in three main challenging scenarios, namely mobile mapping, large scale surface reconstruction and semantic modeling. First, we will describe an effective approach dealing with Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) on platforms with limited resources, such as a tablet device. Unlike previous methods, dense reconstruction is achieved by reprojection of RGB-D frames, while local consistency is maintained by deploying relative bundle adjustment principles. We will show quantitative results comparing our technique to the state-of-the-art as well as detailed reconstruction of various environments ranging from rooms to small apartments. Then, we will address large scale surface modeling from depth maps exploiting parallel GPU computing. We will develop a real-time camera tracking method based on the popular KinectFusion system and an online surface alignment technique capable of counteracting drift errors and closing small loops. We will show very high quality meshes outperforming existing methods on publicly available datasets as well as on data recorded with our RGB-D camera even in complete darkness. Finally, we will move to our Semantic Bundle Adjustment framework to effectively combine object detection and SLAM in a unified system. Though the mathematical framework we will describe does not restrict to a particular sensing technology, in the experimental section we will refer, again, only to RGB-D sensing. We will discuss successful implementations of our algorithm showing the benefit of a joint object detection, camera tracking and environment mapping.

Ricostruzione 3d da immagini rgb-d su piattaforma mobile

Viene proposto un porting su piattaforma mobile Android di un sistema SLAM (Simultaneous Localization And Mapping) chiamato SlamDunk. Il porting affronta problematiche di prestazioni e qualità delle ricostruzioni 3D ottenute, proponendo poi la soluzione ritenuta ottimale.

Sviluppo di algoritmi di autolocalizzazione su dispositivi mobili

Negli ultimi anni, complice la rapida evoluzione degli elaboratori e dei sensori, spinta dal mercato smartphone, una tecnologia si sta sviluppando e si sta diffondendo rapidamente. Si tratta di quella relativa agli unmanned vehicles (UV), i veicoli senza pilota, spesso nel linguaggio comune chiamati “droni”. Questi particolari veicoli sono dotati della tecnologia adatta per svolgere in relativa autonomia particolari mansioni, senza la necessità della presenza di un pilota a bordo. In questa Tesi magistrale si descrivono brevemente le diverse categorie di UV e l’attuale livello di autonomia raggiunta nello svolgimento di alcune funzioni, grazie a tecnologie quali i linguaggi ad agenti, di cui si presentano anche alcune significative applicazioni allo stato dell’arte. Per rendere più efficaci eventuali nuove funzionalità, fornendo una metodologia di sviluppo, atta ad aumentare il grado di astrazione, viene proposto un approccio architetturale a tre livelli. In particolare, viene approfondito il secondo livello, presentando l’implementazione di una funzionalità, l’autolocalizzazione spaziale, utile ad un sistema di terzo livello per arricchire la propria conoscenza dell’ambiente, al fine di raggiungere la massima autonomia nel controllo del mezzo. Questa prima esperienza ha consentito di approfondire le necessità in termini di hardware e software, al fine di poter effettuare una scelta mirata per l’ottimizzazione dei risultati ed un eventuale porting on-board, nella prospettiva di svincolare il mezzo da eventuali collegamenti con una stazione di terra, fino ad ora necessaria per eseguire le attività più complesse. Un interessante caso di studio consente di verificare la bontà del modello proposto e i risultati raggiunti nell’autolocalizzazione. In conclusione, si propongono ulteriori sviluppi che potranno fornire gli strumenti necessari alla massima espressione del potenziale che gli UV possiedono.

Louder than a bomb: quando le parole sono più forti di una bomba. Proposta di traduzione di testi scelti.

Questo elaborato ha lo scopo di presentare la “slam poetry”, una disciplina con la quale solo recentemente il pubblico italiano si è confrontato. Spiegherò di cosa si tratta, quando e perché si è originata, come si è evoluta e perché ha avuto così tanto successo con alcune categorie di persone. Non mancherà anche una riflessione generale sulla traduzione della poesia e verrà dato abbondante spazio alle propostedi traduzione di alcuni brani di slam poetry, scelti tra quelli partecipanti al concorso di Chicago del 2008, con relativo commento alla traduzione.

Ricostruzione densa di ambienti di grande dimensione

Uno dei principali settori di studio nell’ambito della visione artificiale riguarda lo sviluppo e la continua ricerca di tecniche e metodologie atte alla ricostruzione di ambienti 3D. Una di queste è il Kinect Fusion, la quale utilizza il dispositivo Kinect per catturare ed elaborare informazioni provenienti da mappe di profondità relative a una particolare scena, per creare un modello 3D dell’ambiente individuato dal sensore. Il funzionamento generale del sistema “Kinect Fusion” consiste nella ricostruzione di superfici dense attraverso l’integrazione delle informazioni di profondità dei vari frame all’interno di un cubo virtuale, che a sua volta viene partizionato in piccoli volumi denominati voxel, e che rappresenta il volume della scena che si intende ricostruire. Per ognuno di tali voxel viene memorizzata la distanza (TSDF) rispetto alla superficie più vicina. Durante lo svolgimento di questo lavoro di tesi ci si è concentrati innanzitutto nell’analisi dell’algoritmo Voxel Hashing, una tecnica che mira a rendere l'algoritmo Kinect Fusion scalabile, attraverso una migliore gestione della struttura dati dei voxel allocando questi ultimi all'interno di una tabella di hash solo se strettamente necessario (TSDF inferiore a una soglia). In una prima fase del progetto si è quindi studiato in dettaglio il funzionamento di suddetta tecnica, fino a giungere alla fase della sua implementazione all’interno di un framework di ricostruzione 3D, basato su Kinect Fusion; si è quindi reso il sistema realizzato più robusto tramite l’applicazione di diverse migliorie. In una fase successiva sono stati effettuati test quantitativi e qualitativi per valutarne l'efficienza e la robustezza. Nella parte finale del progetto sono stati delineati i possibili sviluppi di future applicazioni.

Shading Silhouettes of Smaller Ones

I am truly honored to have been given the amazing opportunity to create this original piece, this powerful journey through memory and emotive exploration of the loss of childhood. How do we feel about the loss of our child-self? Could we ever get them back? How long, how deep would one have to dig in the graveyards, the playgrounds of memory, to uncover what was buried there... to un-erase what waserased? shading silhouettes of smaller ones will ultimately encourage a reconnection with the Inner Child hidden inside all of us, as well as an intimate awareness of the adult version of the self by looking back to the smaller ones. The main inspiration for this piece is then of course, Inner Child Work. Most people may not be familiar with this therapeutic exploration of childhood... It wasimportant to me then, to present this concept in an imaginative, theatrical way, as a gift to you - a comprehensive and intensely moving gift. Speaking from experience, working on my Inner Child - my little Bianca - has been the most painful, frightening, yetrewarding and powerful experience within my personal life. Some people spend their entire lives trying to love themselves, to prove themselves, or be accepted. Some are too afraid to look back to where it all began. The characters within this piece will face thatfear... in a regression from the complexities of adulthood to the confusion of adolescence, all the way back to the wonder and bliss of childhood. They will reveal memories, of both joy and pain, love and abandonment, journeying backwards through time - through memory - through a playground - back to the beginning... We will enter a world where a push of a merry-go-round spins us to games of Truth or Dare after a high school dance at 16 - or the slam of a metal fence reminds us of the door Dad slammed in our face at 9 - where the sound of chain links swings us back to scrapping our knee by the sandbox at 5 This piece will attempt to connect everyone, both cast and audience, through a universal understanding and discussion of what it means to grow up, as well as a discovery of WHY we are the way we are - how experiences or relationships from our childhood have shaped our adult lives. We will attempt to challenge your honesty and nerve by inviting you to ask questions of yourselves, your past - to remember what it's like to have the innocence and hope of a child, to engage with and discover your Inner Child, to realize when or why you left them behind, and if you want to this magical part of yourself. It is my hope that you will join us in a collective journey - gather the courage to dig up the little kid you buried so long ago...* The creation, design, choreography, and direction for shading silhouettes of smaller ones mark the culminating experience of a year-long independent study in Theatre.

Canine distemper virus infects canine keratinocytes and immune cells by using overlapping and distinct regions located on one side of the attachment protein

The morbilliviruses measles virus (MeV) and canine distemper virus (CDV) both rely on two surface glycoproteins, the attachment (H) and fusion proteins, to promote fusion activity for viral cell entry. Growing evidence suggests that morbilliviruses infect multiple cell types by binding to distinct host cell surface receptors. Currently, the only known in vivo receptor used by morbilliviruses is CD150/SLAM, a molecule expressed in certain immune cells. Here we investigated the usage of multiple receptors by the highly virulent and demyelinating CDV strain A75/17. We based our study on the assumption that CDV-H may interact with receptors similar to those for MeV, and we conducted systematic alanine-scanning mutagenesis on CDV-H throughout one side of the beta-propeller documented in MeV-H to contain multiple receptor-binding sites. Functional and biochemical assays performed with SLAM-expressing cells and primary canine epithelial keratinocytes identified 11 residues mutation of which selectively abrogated fusion in keratinocytes. Among these, four were identical to amino acids identified in MeV-H as residues contacting a putative receptor expressed in polarized epithelial cells. Strikingly, when mapped on a CDV-H structural model, all residues clustered in or around a recessed groove located on one side of CDV-H. In contrast, reported CDV-H mutants with SLAM-dependent fusion deficiencies were characterized by additional impairments to the promotion of fusion in keratinocytes. Furthermore, upon transfer of residues that selectively impaired fusion induction in keratinocytes into the CDV-H of the vaccine strain, fusion remained largely unaltered. Taken together, our results suggest that a restricted region on one side of CDV-H contains distinct and overlapping sites that control functional interaction with multiple receptors.

Canine distemper virus persistence in demyelinating encephalitis by swift intracellular cell-to-cell spread in astrocytes is controlled by the viral attachment protein

The mechanism of viral persistence, the driving force behind the chronic progression of inflammatory demyelination in canine distemper virus (CDV) infection, is associated with non-cytolytic viral cell-to-cell spread. Here, we studied the molecular mechanisms of viral spread of a recombinant fluorescent protein-expressing virulent CDV in primary canine astrocyte cultures. Time-lapse video microscopy documented that CDV spread was very efficient using cell processes contacting remote target cells. Strikingly, CDV transmission to remote cells could occur in less than 6 h, suggesting that a complete viral cycle with production of extracellular free particles was not essential in enabling CDV to spread in glial cells. Titration experiments and electron microscopy confirmed a very low CDV particle production despite higher titers of membrane-associated viruses. Interestingly, confocal laser microscopy and lentivirus transduction indicated expression and functionality of the viral fusion machinery, consisting of the viral fusion (F) and attachment (H) glycoproteins, at the cell surface. Importantly, using a single-cycle infectious recombinant H-knockout, H-complemented virus, we demonstrated that H, and thus potentially the viral fusion complex, was necessary to enable CDV spread. Furthermore, since we could not detect CD150/SLAM expression in brain cells, the presence of a yet non-identified glial receptor for CDV was suggested. Altogether, our findings indicate that persistence in CDV infection results from intracellular cell-to-cell transmission requiring the CDV-H protein. Viral transfer, happening selectively at the tip of astrocytic processes, may help the virus to cover long distances in the astroglial network, "outrunning" the host's immune response in demyelinating plaques, thus continuously eliciting new lesions.

Bühne & Büro. Gegenwartstheater in der Schweiz

Theater lebt von der unmittelbaren Begegnung von Bühne und Publikum. denn seine spezifische Wirkung entfaltet sich im Live-Erlebnis. Die Formen des Schweizer Gegenwartstheaters sind vielfältig und reichen vom Stadttheater über die Laienoperette bis zu Poetry Slam. Neben Kreativität und Spiellust gehört zur Bühnenkunst aber auch das Betriebsbüro, weil Theater Organisation braucht, und natürlich Geld. Diese Zusammenhänge werden in den facettenreichen Sondierungen des Bandes «Bühne & Büro» beleuchtet. Der Band dokumentiert die vielfältigen Formen und den Beziehungsreichtum des Theaterschaffens in der Schweiz. Es beschreibt unterschiedliche Theaterformen wie Stadttheater, die freie Theaterszene und Tanztheater bis hin zu weniger bekannten Formen wie Behinderten- und Gefängnistheater. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt besteht in der Untersuchung der Zusammenhänge zwischen Organisationsformen und Produktions-, Distributions- und Rezeptionsbedingungen von Theater in verschiedenen Regionen der Schweiz. Das Buch ist auf das Theaterschaffen in der Gegenwart ausgerichtet und wirft Fragen zu dessen Entwicklung in der Zukunft auf. Es richtet sich an ein breites Publikum Theater- und Kulturinteressierter. Theaterschaffenden an grossen Bühnen, in freien Gruppen und in Theatervereinen kann es Anregungen für den Ausbau und die Verbesserung der eigenen Organisationsstrukturen geben. Die Entscheidungsträger in der Kulturpolitik erhalten Informationen zum Zusammenspiel von Ausgaben, Organisationsformen, künstlerischem Output und Publikumsverhalten. Öffentlichen und privaten Kulturstiftungen sowie Sponsoren aus der Privatwirtschaft bietet es Entscheidungshilfen für Förderungsmassnahmen und kulturelles Engagement.

Immunohistochemical demonstration of the putative canine distemper virus receptor CD150 in dogs with and without distemper

Signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) or CD150 can function as a receptor for the canine distemper virus (CDV) in vitro. The expression of SLAM was studied using immunohistochemistry in order to evaluate the presence and distribution of the receptor in dogs in vivo. Additionally, receptor expression was assessed after experimental infection of dogs with CDV. In 7 control dogs without distemper virus, the receptor was found in various tissues, mostly on cells morphologically identified as lymphocytes and macrophages. In 7 dogs with early distemper lesions characterized by presence of the virus, higher numbers of SLAM-expressing cells were found in multiple tissues recognized as targets of CDV compared with those in control dogs. These findings suggest that SLAM, a putative distemper receptor, is expressed in dogs in vivo. Additionally, virus infection is associated with up-regulation of SLAM, potentially causing an amplification of virus in the host.

Emergence of Canine Distemper Virus Strains With Modified Molecular Signature and Enhanced Neuronal Tropism Leading to High Mortality in Wild Carnivores

An ongoing canine distemper epidemic was first detected in Switzerland in the spring of 2009. Compared to previous local canine distemper outbreaks, it was characterized by unusually high morbidity and mortality, rapid spread over the country, and susceptibility of several wild carnivore species. Here, the authors describe the associated pathologic changes and phylogenetic and biological features of a multiple highly virulent canine distemper virus (CDV) strain detected in and/or isolated from red foxes (Vulpes vulpes), Eurasian badgers (Meles meles), stone (Martes foina) and pine (Martes martes) martens, from a Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), and a domestic dog. The main lesions included interstitial to bronchointerstitial pneumonia and meningopolioencephalitis, whereas demyelination-the classic presentation of CDV infection-was observed in few cases only. In the brain lesions, viral inclusions were mainly in the nuclei of the neurons. Some significant differences in brain and lung lesions were observed between foxes and mustelids. Swiss CDV isolates shared together with a Hungarian CDV strain detected in 2004. In vitro analysis of the hemagglutinin protein from one of the Swiss CDV strains revealed functional and structural differences from that of the reference strain A75/17, with the Swiss strain showing increased surface expression and binding efficiency to the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM). These features might be part of a novel molecular signature, which might have contributed to an increase in virus pathogenicity, partially explaining the high morbidity and mortality, the rapid spread, and the large host spectrum observed in this outbreak.

Experimental adaptation of wild-type canine distemper virus (CDV) to the human entry receptor CD150.

Canine distemper virus (CDV), a close relative of measles virus (MV), is widespread and well known for its broad host range. When the goal of measles eradication may be achieved, and when measles vaccination will be stopped, CDV might eventually cross the species barrier to humans and emerge as a new human pathogen. In order to get an impression how fast such alterations may occur, we characterized required adaptive mutations to the human entry receptors CD150 (SLAM) and nectin-4 as first step to infect human target cells. Recombinant wild-type CDV-A75/17(red) adapted quickly to growth in human H358 epithelial cells expressing human nectin-4. Sequencing of the viral attachment proteins (hemagglutinin, H, and fusion protein, F) genes revealed that no adaptive alteration was required to utilize human nectin-4. In contrast, the virus replicated only to low titres (10(2) pfu/ml) in Vero cells expressing human CD150 (Vero-hSLAM). After three passages using these cells virus was adapted to human CD150 and replicated to high titres (10(5) pfu/ml). Sequence analyses revealed that only one amino acid exchange in the H-protein at position 540 Asp→Gly (D540G) was required for functional adaptation to human CD150. Structural modelling suggests that the adaptive mutation D540G in H reflects the sequence alteration from canine to human CD150 at position 70 and 71 from Pro to Leu (P70L) and Gly to Glu (G71E), and compensates for the gain of a negative charge in the human CD150 molecule. Using this model system our data indicate that only a minimal alteration, in this case one adaptive mutation, is required for adaptation of CDV to the human entry receptors, and help to understand the molecular basis why this adaptive mutation occurs.

Identification of amino acid substitutions with compensational effects in the attachment protein of canine distemper virus.

The hemagglutinin (H) gene of canine distemper virus (CDV) encodes the receptor-binding protein. This protein, together with the fusion (F) protein, is pivotal for infectivity since it contributes to the fusion of the viral envelope with the host cell membrane. Of the two receptors currently known for CDV (nectin-4 and the signaling lymphocyte activation molecule [SLAM]), SLAM is considered the most relevant for host susceptibility. To investigate how evolution might have impacted the host-CDV interaction, we examined the functional properties of a series of missense single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) naturally accumulating within the H-gene sequences during the transition between two distinct but related strains. The two strains, a wild-type strain and a consensus strain, were part of a single continental outbreak in European wildlife and occurred in distinct geographical areas 2 years apart. The deduced amino acid sequence of the two H genes differed at 5 residues. A panel of mutants carrying all the combinations of the SNPs was obtained by site-directed mutagenesis. The selected mutant, wild type, and consensus H proteins were functionally evaluated according to their surface expression, SLAM binding, fusion protein interaction, and cell fusion efficiencies. The results highlight that the most detrimental functional effects are associated with specific sets of SNPs. Strikingly, an efficient compensational system driven by additional SNPs appears to come into play, virtually neutralizing the negative functional effects. This system seems to contribute to the maintenance of the tightly regulated function of the H-gene-encoded attachment protein. Importance: To investigate how evolution might have impacted the host-canine distemper virus (CDV) interaction, we examined the functional properties of naturally occurring single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the hemagglutinin gene of two related but distinct strains of CDV. The hemagglutinin gene encodes the attachment protein, which is pivotal for infection. Our results show that few SNPs have a relevant detrimental impact and they generally appear in specific combinations (molecular signatures). These drastic negative changes are neutralized by compensatory mutations, which contribute to maintenance of an overall constant bioactivity of the attachment protein. This compensational mechanism might reflect the reaction of the CDV machinery to the changes occurring in the virus following antigenic variations critical for virulence.