Portrait of George Louis Wolff (Gerd Ludwig Wolff) holding a mouse in his genetics laboratory; Little Rock, Arkansas.

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Therese Godshaw (Gottschalk) nee Molling holding her great-grandson, Richard Godshaw; Buffalo, New York.

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Reproduction of newspaper obituary for Louis Gottschalk in the Hannoversches Tageblatt.

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Dr. Simberg, Rudolf Mosse, Richard Israel and other unidentified men hunting with Count Czarnecki Portraits; Children

Jagd beim Grafen Czarnecki

Portrait of Richard Beer-Hofmann Portraits Men

Signed by photographer bottom right

Wedding portrait of Adolf Wolff and Eva Nathan with guests; Berlin, Germany.

Back row against wall, left to right: Josef Molling, Margaret Molling nee Benjamin, Werner Wolff, Miss Hermann (called "Ferna", Peter Molling's governess), " Selma" (partially hidden, Anna Marianne/Berthold Nathan's cook), "Lisbeth" (Anna Marianne/Berthold's maid), Ilse Joachim, Ernst Joachim, Annemarie Nathan (3rd wife of Julius Nathan), Julius Nathan (brother of Berthold Nathan), Ernst Kallmes (son of Ceilchen nee Wolff, Helene's sister). Very tall against the wall: Max Benjamin (son of Helene). Third row, left to right: Mathilde Kaufmann nee Benjamin, Adolf Molling, Paul Nathan (son of Anna Marianne/Berthold), Marianne Rasmussen (daughter of Waldemar), Hildegard Weinberger (friend of bride), Herta Albrecht (friend of bride), Dr. Franz Gruenberg (friend of groom), Leonie Wolff nee Simon (wife of Werner Wolff), Lina Molling nee Marx (wife of Richard), Waldemar Benjamin-Rasmussen (son of Helene/David), Luzi's Husband, Minka Bernard nee Nathan (sister of Berthold Nathan), Richard Molling (brother of Claerchen), Albert Wolff (brothter of Moritz Wolff). Second row, seated, left to right: Helene Benjamin nee Wolff, Berthold Nathan, Anna Marianne Nathan nee Benjamin, bride Eva Wolff nee Nathan, groom Adolf Wolff, Claerchen Wolff nee Molling, Moritz Wolff, standing Luzi Rasmussen nee Gruen (wife of Waldemar). Front row, children on floor, left to right: Peter Molling, Elizabeth Benjamin-Rasmussen mar. Engel, Louis Peter Wolff, Helmut Benjamin Rasmussen (became Henry)

Portrait of George Louis Wolff (Gerd Ludwig Wolff) holding a mouse in his genetics laboratory; Little Rock, Arkansas.

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Studio portrait of Richard Molling, Margot Molling, Adolf Molling, Ilse Molling, Lena Molling nee Marx; Schoenau am Koenigssee, Germany.

Text on the back: Zur Erinnerung an den Sommer in Schoenau-Koenigsee 1921. Mollings.

Studio portrait of Louis Gottschalk.

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New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution

Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10−8). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms.

Genetic studies of body mass index yield new insights for obesity biology

Obesity is heritable and predisposes to many diseases. To understand the genetic basis of obesity better, here we conduct a genome-wide association study and Metabochip meta-analysis of body mass index (BMI), a measure commonly used to define obesity and assess adiposity, in up to 339,224 individuals. This analysis identifies 97 BMI-associated loci (P < 5 × 10−8), 56 of which are novel. Five loci demonstrate clear evidence of several independent association signals, and many loci have significant effects on other metabolic phenotypes. The 97 loci account for ~2.7% of BMI variation, and genome-wide estimates suggest that common variation accounts for >20% of BMI variation. Pathway analyses provide strong support for a role of the central nervous system in obesity susceptibility and implicate new genes and pathways, including those related to synaptic function, glutamate signalling, insulin secretion/action, energy metabolism, lipid biology and adipogenesis.

Reproduction of portrait of Louis Levinson.

Husband of Aurelie Levinson nee Roos who was deported to Riga 6 December 1941

Exterior view of the residence of brother-in-law Louis; Wolfenbuettel.

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Therese Godshaw (Gottschalk) nee Molling holding her great-grandson, Richard Godshaw; Buffalo, New York.

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Studio portrait of Richard Molling, Margot Molling, Adolf Molling, Ilse Molling, Lena Molling nee Marx; Schoenau am Koenigssee, Germany.

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