955 resultados para Recursos hidricos : Projetos
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Editorial remarks.-- Open discussion: Using performance indicators to monitor drinking water supply and sewerage services ; Implications of biofuel development for water management and use.-- News of the Network: Reflections of URSEA in Uruguay, 10 years after its creation ; National Environmental Sanitation Strategy of El Salvador.-- Meetings: Workshop on Transboundary Water Cooperation (Buenos Aires, Argentina) ; Importance of the value of water: lessons and challenges (Lima, Peru).-- Internet and WWW News
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Editorial remarks.-- Open discussion: Regulation under the public model of service provision ; Regulatory progress and challenges in Argentina ; Twenty years of SUNASS: development, experience, lessons learned and challenges ; Possible conflict between efficiency and sustainability ; Best practices in regulating State-owned and municipal water utilities.-- News of the Network: Water use charge in the Province of Buenos Aires ; National Drinking Water and Sanitation Sector Policy of Guatemala ; Sanitation Services Modernization Law of Peru ; Internet and WWW News
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Editorial remarks.-- Open discussion: Tariff policies for the achievement of MDGs ; Natural resources within UNASUR ; The human right to water and sanitation.-- Meetings: Tariff and Regulatory Policies ; Transboundary Water Cooperation ; Latinosan III.-- News of the Network: National Water Resources Strategy ; Hydroelectric Development in Chile.-- Internet and WWW News
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El estudio procede a identificar los desafíos que debe enfrentar la gestión del agua en la región para alcanzar una adecuada seguridad hídrica. Dichos desafíos se relacionan con los acelerados cambios sociales, económicos y políticos que experimentan las sociedades de América Latina y el Caribe.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
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Escasez de agua no necesariamente significa pobreza, como se dedcice de un análisis de áreas geográficas. Hay países relativamente ricos con escasos recursos hidricos y paises pobres con abundancia de agua dulce. La sociedad humana desarrollada dispone de recursos científicos, tecnicos, económicos, institucionales \; politicos para aáecuar la disponibilidad de agua a la demanda y viceversa, de un modo tendente a la sustentabilidad, siempre y cuando las actividades econornicas se modifiquen convenientemente y esa sustentabilidad sea un objetivo social deseado y participadc. El Archioiélago de Canarias esta en la región érida sahariana, aunque con ireas de pluviosidad relativamente elevada en sus vecientes septentrionales afectadas por la circulación de los vientos alisios y masas atlánticas de aire húmedo. La escasez de agua es algo bien asumido e internalizado en muchas de las áreas insulares canarias, en especial :ras la explosión demográfica del siglo XX. No por ello deja de ser una región europea ae economía aceptable y notablemente rica relativa al entorno geográfico próximo. La consecución de agua dulce es el resultado acumulado de un gran esfuerzo económico e imaginativo secular, con matices diferentes en cada isla y en cada parte de una misma isla. Sin embargo subsisten o han aparecido graves disfunciones a causa de la rapida evolución, arraigo de actividades agricolas no sustentables, debilidad insritucional y escasa participación ciudadana en la ~oliticad el agua a largo plazo, en un ambiente científico y técnico aiin por consolidar. No obstante. los logros en captaciór, de aguas subterraneas sor. espectaculares y el avance en desalinización y reutilización son m ~nyoto rios. ABSTRACT: relatively rich with scarce water resources and poor countries that have plenty of freshwater. A developed human society has scientific, technical, economic, institutional and policy resources to adapt water availability to demand, and vice versa, in a way that tends to sustainabílity. This needs modifying conveniently economic activities and making sustainability a wanted and participated social goal. The Archipelago of the Canaries is placed in the Sanaran dry belt, although there are some areas of relatively high rainfall in the north-facing slopes of the isiands, which intersect the circulation of trade winds and atlantic humid air masses. Water scarciTy is something well assumed and internalised in many of the areas of the Canaries, especially afier the demographic explosion of the XX century. But this does not imply poverty; actually it is an Eu8-opeanr egion wlth acceptable economic leve1 and notably rich respect the nearby geographical area. Freshwater wining is tne accumulated result of secular economic and imaginative efforts, which present differences from island to island and even incide the same island. Nowever some serious malfuncrions remain oí have appeared o'ue 10 the fast evolution, persistence of unsustainable agricultura1 activities 2nd still scarce public participation ir) long-term water policies. This happens in a scientific and iechnical environment which is stil! to be consolidated. However there are spectacular achievements in groundw~ter wining, and there are notorious progress in desalination and water reuse.
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El presente proyecto de investigacion se orienta a estudiar la disponibilidad, evolucion y variabilidad de los recursos hidricos superficiales de la region central y norte de la pcia. de Cordoba (principalmente la cuenca de aporte a la Laguna de Mar Chiquita), incluyendo además de la propia Laguna las cuencas de los ríos Dulce, Suquia y Xanaes. Esta región por ser semiarida tiene escasa disponibilidad hídrica. Esta sometida a una variable oferta natural de agua y a una demanda variada y creciente. El estudio de las variaciones y tendencias tanto de la ofertas como de las demandas por subcuencas es clave para una correcta gestión integrada de los recursos hídricos provinciales. Para el estudio propuesto se aplicarán complementariamente técnicas experimentales de laboratorio, campo y modelos númericos.
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The faunal inventory of the macroinvertebrate community is important to the environmental assessment, since this biota is sensitive to human disturbance. The reservoir of Rio Verde, located on the first plateau of Paraná, is inserted into an agricultural region with several forest fragments Araucaria. The aim of this study was to evaluate the environmental integrity of the reservoir through ecological indexes of macroinvertebrate community benthic and associated with macrophytes. Five sampling points were defined in the study area, which comprise distinct microhabitats in the basin. There were four sampling campaigns, each by weather station: Spring (2014); Summer (2015); Autumn (2015) and Winter (2015). In each sample were measured abiotic various parameters in the field and be collected water samples for nutrient analysis in the laboratory. The macroinvertebrates were collected in triplicate at adapted Macan method using mesh sieve 1 mm and CPUE (catch per unit effort) for 20 minutes. In order to pellet sample was used a dredger model Petersen 2L. Still in the field, by season, samples were collected from macrophytes Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell) Verdc. and Potamogeton montevidensis A. Benn. in triplicates in the fluvial region of the reservoir, to analyze the associated fractal dimension and macrofauna. For this we used a PVC sampler specific volume 0.025 m3. the following ecological descriptors were calculated in each case: abundance, wealth tax, wealth Margalef, Shannon-Wiener diversity, evenness evenness through the Past software. The index Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) for monitoring sampling points was also calculated. Regarding the statistical analysis, we used the analysis of PERMANOVA to compare points and seasons and canonical correspondence analysis (CCoA) for variables. Regarding M. aquaticum and P. montevidensis it was not verified difference to the average associated macroinvertebrates. However there was a difference for abundance of organisms in the fractal dimension and biomass of specimens. M. aquaticum is more complex and took more macrofauna in relation to P. montevidensis. Regarding the monitoring of the reservoir, it showed up mesotrophic with moderate nutrient concentrations and within the regulatory limits. Benthic macrofauna showed statistical differences in relation to the reservoir region, sample point and temporal variation. The BMWP index showed that the river region has the highest biotic integrity (in all samples above 70 points), and the ecological descriptors of wealth and Margalef diversity of Shannon- Wiener higher. In point 4 (dam downstream) were recorded evidence of possible impacts due to lower wealth and BMWP index which resulted in a questionable quality water. New approaches are needed to focus on the aquatic community in the best understanding of this ecosystem and also with a view to environmental preservation of the Green River Basin.
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2010
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A partir da metade da década de 1980, no Brasil, aconteceram uma série de mudanças, entre elas o ressurgimento da sociedade civil, a retomada da democracia, a aplicação de políticas neoliberais com a conseqüente minimização do Estado, a descentralização das políticas públicas e o surgimento da questão ambiental. Ao mesmo tempo em que o Estado perdeu poder no âmbito econômico, conservou boa parte da sua capacidade reguladora, convertendo-se num Estado “atuante”. Neste contexto de mudanças, se implementaram no Brasil projetos centrados no manejo e conservação dos recursos naturais, financiados, executados e avaliados pela articulação entre o Banco Mundial e os governos estaduais e federal. Entre eles, dois projetos destacam-se por terem alcançado as suas metas programadas, o “Paraná Rural” e o “Microbacias” implementados respectivamente nos Estados do Paraná (1989-1997) e Santa Catarina (1991-1999). Estes começaram como projetos “agronômicos”, característicos dos anos setenta e oitenta, mas se transformaram em projetos tipicamente sócio-ambientais com a idéia de sustentabilidade em seu cerne operativo, incorporando a microbacia hidrográfica como unidade operacional. Além disso, se destacaram pela “descentralização” das ações, deslocando responsabilidades aos diferentes atores, estimulando uma crescente “participação” dos beneficiários e incorporam a dimensão ambiental nos seus componentes Este trabalho analisa comparativamente as características originais dos projetos, a sua evolução experimentada, os principais resultados, as mudanças introduzidas, os limites encontrados e o aprendizado de sua implementação. Além disso, se examinam aspectos como o papel da sociedade civil, descentralização, políticas de redes e capital social, noções teóricas que ajudam à interpretação das políticas públicas atuais. Finalmente, se analisa a influência da discussão em relação à questão ambiental e à utilização da noção de microbacia hidrográfica como unidade de planejamento e ação. Nas avaliações constatou-se que os projetos lograram superar suas metas programadas, mesmo com diferentes graus nas distintas regiões, obtendo-se um adequado controle da erosão dos solos, aumento da produtividade, diminuição da poluição das águas e melhoramento da infra-estrutura de estradas, entre outros. Ao mesmo tempo, geraram-se condições, em virtude da dinâmica ocorrida, que criaram situações novas de cooperação social e que ampliaram as possibilidades de construir novas iniciativas econômicas e sociais Além disso constatou-se um alto envolvimento das entidades públicas e privadas e dos agentes locais na participação dos projetos, maior participação da assistência técnica, e um significativo comprometimento das prefeituras. Os resultados alcançados estiveram relacionados com as estratégias operacionais implementadas, que tinham os pressupostos básicos das políticas de redes. Os trabalhos nas microbacias hidrográficas foram pautados em arranjos ou acordos institucionais que permitiram a descentralização das decisões e das ações, e, junto à participação dos beneficiários, permitiram congregar e estimular o capital social comunitário.
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The following paper analyses the managerial and administrative aspects of a project named Projeto de Serviços Básicos de Saúde no Nordeste (PNE I) - initiated in the 80¿s and has been funded by the International Development and Reconstruction Bank (IDRB) ¿ for the construction of a series of lessons and recommendations to be observed along the formulation, implementation and assessment of projects performed under external financing. During the Project time the most important and deep changes and innovations have occurred involving the national politics for health, which have been mostly decisive at directing the Project, specially concerning the organization of services with emphasis to the process of decentralization as well as the participation of the organized society as a tool of social control. The expectations towards the publicizing and the dissemination of the paper presented are laid upon the warranty that the recommendations hereby given shall, effectively, contribute for the decrease of unwanted results and for the magnification of variables to be considered in projects with the scope and characteristics similar to PNE I.
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The software quality represents a more and more important attribute for the survival and growth of software industries. In order to ensure the quality of products manufactured, various practices have been incorporated into the development process. In this context, some successful software organizations have invested in an approach to human resource management, which consists in integrating the management activities with a personal process called Personal Software Process - PSP, which has led to the maintenance of greater discipline and control over all development phases. Given this, this work presents a proposal for integration of techniques set out in the PSP with a web system previously developed, which is called System to Aid Project Management - SAPM.