Cramer-Rao bounds for source localization in shallow ocean with generalized Gaussian noise

Localization of underwater acoustic sources is a problem of great interest in the area of ocean acoustics. There exist several algorithms for source localization based on array signal processing.It is of interest to know the theoretical performance limits of these estimators. In this paper we develop expressions for the Cramer-Rao-Bound (CRB) on the variance of direction-of-arrival(DOA) and range-depth estimators of underwater acoustic sources in a shallow range-independent ocean for the case of generalized Gaussian noise. We then study the performance of some of the popular source localization techniques,through simulations, for DOA/range-depth estimation of underwater acoustic sources in shallow ocean by comparing the variance of the estimators with the corresponding CRBs.

A solid-state probe for SO2/SO3 based on Na2SO4 I electrolyte

Conductivity measurements as a function of temperature and partial pressures of SOs, SO2, and O2, and transference experiments indicate that the transport number of Na + ions is unity in Na2SO4-I. A concentration cell based on this electrolyte Pt, O2' + SO2' + SOs'/Na2SO4-I/SOa" + SO~" + O~", Pt produces emf's that are in agreement with those calculated from the Nernst equation when equilibrium is assumed between the gas species at the electrodes. The cell can be used for monitoring the SO#SOs pollution in air, and in combination with an oxygen probe can be used for the determination of SO=/SOs concentrations in coal combustion reactors, for the evaluation of the partial pressure of $2 in coal gasification systems, and for emission control in nonferrous smelters using sulfide ores. The probe is similar to that developed recently by Gauthier et aL (4, 5) using K=SO4 as the electrolyte, but can operate at higher pressures of SO3. Because of the greater polarizing power of the Na+ ion compared to the K + ion, Na2S207 is less stable and can be formed only at a considerably higher pressure of S03 than that required for K~20~.

Cramer-Rao-Type Bounds for Sparse Bayesian Learning

In this paper, we derive Hybrid, Bayesian and Marginalized Cramer-Rao lower bounds (HCRB, BCRB and MCRB) for the single and multiple measurement vector Sparse Bayesian Learning (SBL) problem of estimating compressible vectors and their prior distribution parameters. We assume the unknown vector to be drawn from a compressible Student-prior distribution. We derive CRBs that encompass the deterministic or random nature of the unknown parameters of the prior distribution and the regression noise variance. We extend the MCRB to the case where the compressible vector is distributed according to a general compressible prior distribution, of which the generalized Pareto distribution is a special case. We use the derived bounds to uncover the relationship between the compressibility and Mean Square Error (MSE) in the estimates. Further, we illustrate the tightness and utility of the bounds through simulations, by comparing them with the MSE performance of two popular SBL-based estimators. We find that the MCRB is generally the tightest among the bounds derived and that the MSE performance of the Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm coincides with the MCRB for the compressible vector. We also illustrate the dependence of the MSE performance of SBL based estimators on the compressibility of the vector for several values of the number of observations and at different signal powers.

C. N. R. Rao and the Growth of Solid State and Materials Chemistry as a Central Domain of Research

In celebrating Professor C. N. R. Rao's 80th birthday, this article recalls his singular contributions to solid state and materials chemistry for about sixty years. In so doing, the article also traces the growth of the field as a central domain of research in chemical sciences from its early origins in Europe. Although Rao's major work lies in solid state and materials chemistry - a field which he started and nurtured in India while its importance was being recognized internationally - his contributions to other areas of chemistry (and physics), viz., molecular spectroscopy, phase transitions, fullerenes, graphene, nanomaterials and multiferroics are equally significant. Illustrative examples of his work devoted to rare earth and transition metal oxides, defects and nonstoichiometry, metal-insulator transitions, investigation of crystal and electronic structures of a variety of solids by means of electron microscopies and photoelectron spectroscopy, superconducting cuprates, magnetoresistive manganites, multiferroic metal oxides of various structures and, last but not the least, development of new strategies for chemical synthesis of a wide variety of solids including nanomaterials and framework solids in different dimensionalities, are highlighted. The article also captures his exemplary role as a science teacher, science educationist and institution builder in post-Independence India.

��lbum do Amazonas / photographias de F. A. Fidanza. --Album do Amazonas, 1901-1902 : no Governo de Sua Ex��. Snr. Dr. Silv��rio Nery

Com dedicat��ria �� Camara dos Deputados do Senador Joaquim Jos�� Pais da Silva Sarmento, 1900-1902(na p��gina de rosto)

Hist��ria do movimento pol��tico, que no anno de 1842 teve lugar na provincia de Minas Geraes

Jos�� Antonio Marinho nasceu em Minas Gerais, em 1803, e morreu no Rio de Janeiro, em 1853. Em 1823, de passagem pela Bahia, envolveu-se nas lutas pol��ticas daquele ano. Seguiu depois para Pernambuco, onde tomou parte, em 1824, na Confedera����o do Equador. Entrou para o Semin��rio de Olinda, mas den��ncias de sua participa����o nos acontecimentos de 1824 impediram sua ordena����o. Voltou, ent��o, para Minas Gerais e conseguiu concluir sua forma����o sacerdotal. Ordenado em 1829, voltou ��s lides pol��ticas, tornando-se advogado, jornalista e deputado provincial. Em 1836m elegeu-se deputado-geral por Minas Gerais, em 1842, tomou parte na Revolu����o Liberal, da qual foi primeiro historiador. Apesar de ter participado dos acontecimentos que historiou, tendo sido, por isso, acusado de parcial, o autor primou ���pela verdade da exposi����o dos fatos���, como disse o Bar��o Homem de Melo. Com a autoridade de historiador da Revolu����o Liberal de 1842, Alu��sio de Almeida afirmou que, sem a Historia do movimento politico, que no anno de 1842 teve lugar na Provincia de Minas Geraes, seria imposs��vel escrever sobre aquele movimento. Obra rara, valorizada por treze litografias, que Alu��sio de Almeida considera, com raz��o, ���preciosas��� : nove retratos, quatro vistas e uma planta, estas desdobradas. As litografias do primeiro volume se constituem de retratos do autor e de J. Feliciano, J. P. Dias de Carvalho e T. B. Ottoni, vistas da Pra��a de Barbacena, da Vila de Queluz e do Arraial da Lagoa Santa e planta do Arraial de Santa Luzia e suas imedia����es; e as do segundo volume de retratos de R. T. d���Aguiar, D.J. C. de Mendon��a Franco, J. G. Teixeira de Carvalho, Diogo Ant��nio Feij�� e Manuel Alves Branco e vista de Sabar��.

Collec����o das Leis do Imperio do Brasil de 1842

Parte 1 - Decis��es

Collec����o das Leis da Republica dos Estados Unidos do Brazil de 1901

Parte 1 - Atos do Poder Legislativo

Sertum palmarum brasiliensium, ou, Relation des palmiers nouveaux du Br��sil : d��couverts, d��crits et dessin��s d'apr��s nature

A hist��ria Bibliogr��fica de Sertum palmarum brasiliensium... �� a seguinte: em 1900, o Deputado Federal por S��o Paulo, D. Augusto C��sar Miranda Azevedo, apresentou ao Congresso Nacional uma emenda �� proposta or��ament��ria para 1901, autorizando o Poder Executivo "a mandar imprimir na Imprensa Nacional o texto e as estampas da monografia sobre palmeiras do bot��nico brasileiro Dr. Jo��o Barbosa Rodrigues..." Entretanto, a autoriza����o n��o p��de ser efetivada porque a Imprensa Nacional n��o dispunha de equipamento para a reprodu����o de estampas. Em 1901, o Senador pelo Estado do Par��, Dr. Lauro Sodr��, apresentou emenda �� proposta or��ament��ria para 1902, cuja lei estabeleceu no art. 6�� : "�� o Governo autorizado a mandar imprimir na Europa ou em pa��s onde houver mais vantagem, a obra Sertum palmarum..., abrindo para tal fim o necess��rio cr��dito, e de acordo com o autor". O cr��dito -- duzentos contos de r��is -- foi finalmente, aberto o Decreto n�� 4.428, de 12 de junho de 1902, assinado por Campos Sales e referendado por Sabino Barroso, Ministro da Justi��a. A obra foi impressa em Bruxelas sob a dire����o do pr��prio Barbosa Rodrigues, que, para esse fim ali se demorou nove meses. Trata-se de trabalho gr��fico de primeira ordem, tanto pela reprodu����o colorida das estampas, como pelo texto e encaderna����o.

Synopse dos trabalhos da Camara dos Srs. Deputados : relativos ao anno de 1901 : acompanhados de differentes documentos : organisados na Secretaria da mesma Camara

Sinopse dos trabalhos da C��mara dos Deputados, em 1901.

Los estudios de segunda ense��anza en Guipuzcoa. El Instituto Provincial (1845-1901)

p��g. var.

Sex ratios of Metapenaeus kutchensis George, George and Rao, 1963 and Parapenaeopsis sculptilis (Heller, 1862) in the Gulf of Kachchh, Western India

Sex ratio data of two species of penaeid prawns Metapenaues kutchensis George, George and Rao, 1963 and Parapenaeopsis sculptilis (Heller, 1862), occurring in the Gulf of Kachchh, were statistically analysed. A preponderance of females was observed in both the species and the ratio of male to female for both years combined for M. kutchensis and P. sculptilis was found to be 1:15 and 1:2.7, respectively. Chi-square analysis revealed significant difference in the sex ratio of the two species.

A new distributional record of Astropecten polyacanthus Muller and Troschel, 1842 (Echinodermata: Asteroidea) from the coastal waters of Pakistan

Previously an asteroid starfish Astropecten indicus has been described by Tahera (1996), and another species of the genus Astropecten i.e. A. polyacanthus Muller and Troschel, 1842 has been collected from the subtidal region of a sandy shore of Clifton (24��47'42"N 66��59'6"E), Karachi. The latter species is here reported for the first time from the Pakistan coast of the northern Arabian Sea and fills the gap in the known distribution. The species is briefly described and illustrated.