The Function of Intestinal Afferent Neurons in Regulating Satiety During Health and Obesity

Background and aim: Within the gastrointestinal tract, vagal afferents regulate satiety and food intake via chemical and mechanical mechanisms. Cysteinyl Leukotrienes (CysLTs) are lipid mediators that are believed to regulate food intake and body weight. However, the involvement of vagal afferents in this effect remains to be established. Conversely, Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a satiety and incretin peptide hormone. The effect of obesity on GLP-1 mediated gut-brain signaling has yet to be investigated. Since intestinal vagal afferents’ activity is reduced during obesity, it is intriguing to investigate their responses to GLP-1 in such conditions. Methods: Extracellular recordings were performed on intestinal afferents from normal C57Bl6, low fat fed (LFF), and high fat fed (HFF) mice. To examine the effect on neuronal calcium signaling, calcium-imaging experiments were performed on isolated nodose ganglion neurons. Food intake experiments were conducted using LFF and HFF mice. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were carried out. Whole cell patch clamp recordings were performed on nodose ganglion neurons from A) normal C57Bl mice to test the effect of CysLTs on membrane excitability, B) LFF and HFF mice to examine GLP-1 effect on membrane excitability during obesity. c-Fos immunohistochemical techniques were performed to measure the level of neuronal activation in the brainstem of both LFF and HFF mice in response to Ex-4. Results: CysLTs increased intestinal afferent firing rate and mechanosensitivity. In single nodose neuron experiments, CysLTs increased excitability. The GLP-1 agonist Ex-4 significantly decreased food intake in LFF but not HFF mice. However, Ex-4 markedly attenuated the rise in blood glucose in both LFF and HFF mice. The observed increase in nerve firing and mechanosensitivity following the application of GLP-1 and Ex-4 was abolished in HFF mice. Cell membrane excitability was significantly increased by Ex-4 in nodose from LFF but not HFF mice. Ex-4 significantly increased the number of activated neurons in the NTS area of LFF mice but not in their HFF counterparts. Conclusion: The previous observations indicate that the role CysLTs play in regulating satiety is likely to be vagally mediated. Also that satiety, but not incretin, effects of GLP-1 are impaired during obesity.

Optimisation de la démarche de Loto-Québec pour conjuguer le développement durable et ses legs pour la communauté

Dans le cadre de son nouveau programme d'acquisition et de diffusion d'œuvres d'art, Loto-Québec s'est engagée à réaliser un legs culturel durable, ralliant l'art, l'environnement et la communauté en partenariat avec ses collaborateurs locaux et l'Université de Sherbrooke. Cela a donné lieu à une étroite collaboration entre l'étudiant mandaté et les diffuseurs participants en 2014 afin de réaliser quatre portfolios comptabilisant treize projets culturels durables. L'étudiant s'est occupé de la construction du processus d'évaluation des projets dans une perspective de développement durable, des outils d'animation pour la consultation des collaborateurs et de la finition des portfolios. Les diffuseurs de Loto-Québec ont formulé des propositions selon leurs expertises et leurs connaissances du milieu. Cependant, ce processus s'est annoncé demandant pour ces derniers et quelques incompréhensions se sont manifestées sur la portée de l'engagement. Le présent essai tente donc de répondre à cette problématique en se focalisant sur l'optimisation du processus de coproduction de l'engagement de Loto-Québec pour les prochaines années. L'analyse de la démarche de consultation a permis de déterminer les points d'incompréhension des diffuseurs et les points d'amélioration dans le processus. La grille d'analyse multicritères inspirée de l'Agenda 21 de la culture du Québec a été un outil de communication efficace pour engager les diffuseurs à formuler leurs propositions dans une perspective de développement durable. La majorité de leurs propositions vont faire l'objet d'un appel d'artistes. Par conséquent, les meilleures pratiques managériales d'une commission d'une œuvre d'art public au Canada et à l'international ont été étudiées afin de proposer un cadre de suivi et afin de relever les facteurs importants dans la gestion d'une telle démarche. Pour optimiser le processus de l'engagement, Loto-Québec est invitée à choisir un cadre de gestion parmi les quatre modèles suivant : une démarche de consultation pour engager les diffuseurs à rédiger un cadre de référence; une démarche de coproduction pour retenir une proposition conceptuelle inspirée des modalités de la Politique d'intégration des arts du gouvernement du Québec; une acquisition d'une œuvre d'art écoresponsable léguée au diffuseur par le biais du programme Repérage; ou un concours pour valoriser les artistes régionaux sur leur implication dans les enjeux de développement durable sur leur communauté. Selon son choix, la société d'État devrait rédiger un document pour standardiser le cycle de gestion de l'engagement et pour informer ses diffuseurs de la portée de celle-ci. Ainsi, elle pourrait efficacement soutenir des pratiques artistiques novatrices et renforcer la valeur intrinsèque de ses diffuseurs.

Plan of the river from Niagara to Fort Schlosser

1 map :|bdigital, JPEG file

Letters to the Honourable John H. Dunn, 1837-1838

The recipient of the letters is John Henry Dunn who was born on St. Helena (a British territory island of volcanic origin located in the South Atlantic Ocean) in 1792 to John Charles Dunn and Elizabeth Bazette. He was married to Charlotte Roberts on May 4th, 1820 and they had 6 sons and 2 daughters. He came to Canada in 1820 in which year he became the Receiver General for Canada. He held this position until 1841.Charlotte died in 1835. In 1822 he was named to the Province’s Legislative Council. He was president of the Welland Canal Company from 1825-1833. In 1836 he was named to the executive council of Upper Canada but resigned 3 weeks later with fellow counselors when lieutenant governor Sir Francis Bond refused the advice of the council. Dunn was made the Receiver General for the newly formed Province of Canada in 1841, and was elected to represent Toronto in the legislative assembly that year. He married his second wife on March 9th, 1842. Her name was Sophie-Louise Juchereau Duchsnay. They had a son and a daughter. In 1843 he resigned, and was not re-elected in 1844. He returned to England with his family and died in London on April 21, 1854. Dunn was a supporter of the Welland Canal, St. Lawrence Canals and other public improvements. Between the passage of the Canada Trade Act and the Act of the Union he had tried to insure that projects received funding despite financial constraints. He claimed that he has saved Upper Canada from bankruptcy. His son, Alexander Roberts Dunn received the Victoria Cross for his role in the Charge of the Light Brigade at Balaclava. Dunn Street in Niagara Falls is named after John Henry Dunn. The town and township of Dunnville were also named for him. Sources: http://biographi.ca/009004-119.01-e.php?id_nbr=3889 http://www.niagarafrontier.com/cityfalls.html

Niagara River (Ontario) Remedial Action Plan fonds, 1984-1997, n.d.

The Niagara River Remedial Action Plan was part of an initiative to restore the integrity of the Great Lakes Basin ecosystem. In 1972, the Great Lakes Water Quality Agreement was signed by both Canada and the United States to demonstrate their commitment to protecting this valuable resource. An amendment in 1987 stipulated that Remedial Action Plans (RAPs) be implemented in 43 ecologically compromised areas known as Areas of Concern. The Niagara River was designated as one of these areas by federal and provincial governments and the International Joint Commission, an independent and binational organization that deals with issues concerning the use and quality of boundary waters between Canada and the United States. Although the affected area included parts of both the Canadian and American side of the river, Remedial Action Plans were developed separately in both Canada and the United States. The Niagara River (Ontario) RAP is a three-stage process requiring collaboration between numerous government agencies and the public. Environment Canada, the Ontario Ministry of the Environment, and the Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority are the agencies guiding the development and implementation of the Niagara River (Ontario) RAP. The first stage is to determine the severity and causes of the environmental degradation that resulted in the location being designated an Area of Concern; the second stage is to identify and implement actions that will restore and protect the health of the ecosystem; and the third stage is to monitor the area to ensure that the ecosystem’s health has been restored. Stage one of the RAP commenced in January 1989 when a Public Advisory Committee (PAC) was established. This committee was comprised of concerned citizens and representatives from various community groups, associations, industries and municipalities. After several years of consultation, the Niagara River (Ontario) Remedial Action Plan Stage 2 Report was released in 1995. It contained 16 goals and 37 recommendations. Among them was the need for Canadians and Americans to work more collaboratively in order to successfully restore the water quality in the Niagara River. Stage three of the Niagara River (Ontario) RAP is currently ongoing, but it is estimated that it will be completed by 2015. At that point, the Niagara River Area of Concern will be delisted, although monitoring of the area will continue to ensure it remains healthy.

Autour de la Collection Baby Regards interdisciplinaire

Présentation générale du projet de mise en valeur de la Collection Baby. Genèse des objectifs des différents partenaires. Présentation des objectifs poursuivis par le colloque.

Préservation du patrimoine dans un « univers numérique » : les défis de l’évaluation en archivistique, le point de vue de Daniel J. Caron.

Ce travail a été réalisé à l’EBSI, Université de Montréal, dans le cadre du cours SCI6112 – Évaluation des archives donné au trimestre d’Hiver 2013 par Yvon Lemay

Étude de l'association entre la sévérité des traumatismes crâniens et les inégalités sociales.

Introduction : La réduction des inégalités sociales de santé est un objectif de santé publique au Canada. Les liens entre les facteurs socio-économiques et les traumatismes en général ont été abondamment mesurés et illustrés notamment en pédiatrie, mais l’association entre les traumatismes crâniens et les inégalités sociales n’est pas assez investiguée dans la littérature. L’intérêt de ce travail en santé publique nous permettra de mieux connaitre les liens entre la défavorisation et les traumatismes crâniens particulièrement la sévérité. Objectif : L’objectif général de cette étude est d’examiner la relation entre les traumatismes crâniens et le statut socio-économique. Méthode : L’échantillon comprend 2269 patients ayant consulté le service d’urgence de l’Hôpital du Sacré Coeur de Montréal entre le 17 Mars 2008 et le 11 Janvier 2012, âgés de 14 ans et plus et habitant Montréal et Laval. Des analyses de régression logistiques ont été appliquées pour examiner la relation entre le quintile du statut socio-économique (mesuré à l’aide d’un proxy écologique) et la sévérité du traumatisme crânien (mesuré à l’aide de la tomodensitométrie). Résultat : A Montréal et à Laval, la cote d’avoir un scan normal est plus élevée chez les patients de quintile de revenu plus pauvre Q1 par rapport au quintile de revenu plus riche Q5, avec les valeurs respectives de 1,104 et 1,522 pour les régions de Montréal et Laval. A Laval lorsqu’on passe du quintile le plus pauvre Q1 au quintile le plus riche Q5, les cotes diminuent de 1,522 pour Q1; 1,302 pour le quintile de revenu bas; 1,126 pour le quintile de revenu moyen; 1,176 pour le quintile élevé à 1 pour le quintile le plus riche (quintile de référence). Conclusion : Bien que la relation entre les traumatismes et le statut socio-économique soit non significative, plusieurs questions se posent à travers ce mémoire notamment les causes différentes du traumatisme crânien en fonction du statut socio-économique et le territoire de résidence. D’autres recherches plus approfondies seraient utiles pour mieux informer les programmes de santé publique. Mots Clés : Traumatisme crânien, Statut socio-économique, Santé publique, Inégalités sociales, Chutes, Accidents de la route, Causes de traumatisme, Quintile de revenu

O Estado e a construção da ordem arquivística em Moçambique (1975-2010)

Esta tese tem como objetivo compreender o Arquivo Histórico de Moçambique (AHM) como lugar de informação arquivística e de ação do Estado em Moçambique, analisando o processo histórico de sua configuração, tendo em conta as implicações desse processo no cenário arquivístico nacional e relação com o projeto pós-colonial de nação, particularmente entre 1975 e 2010. Com base na visão do Estado ampliado em Gramsci e na teoria do Estado como relação em Poulantzas a tese mapeia a dimensão teórica do Estado, cujo poder baseia-se em informação. Esta abordagem, baseada na concepção teórica do Estado como campo de informação, consolida um quadro conceitual fundamental para o entendimento do Estado moçambicano e seu processo histórico de construção. A mesma abordagem conduziu o estudo de caráter histórico na análise dos processos de constituição e disponibilização de arquivos públicos, constituídos no quadro da configuração do AHM dentro do processo histórico de construção do Estado neste país em suas várias redes de interações, envolvendo diversos atores sociais, seja no universo político-administrativo ou arquivístico em si. Constatou-se uma mudança na trajetória do AHM, redefinindo o processo histórico de construção da memória e da identidade nacional através dos arquivos, dentro do processo de construção de uma ordem arquivística politicamente aceite, iniciado em 1975 e consolidado nos anos 2000.

Adelle de Oliveira: trajetória de vida e prática Pedagógica (1900-1940)

This work analyses pedagogical practices of Adelle Sobral de Oliveira, from 1900 to 1940, in order to notice how her performance as educator and administrator took place in Externato Angelo Varela in the Rio Grande do Norte city of Ceará-Mirim within a time in which the public teaching started to be considered modern in the State. Adelle was a self learner who developed an important role as a mentality mentor of a generation in the region. As the research corpus we have taken the five Reading Books written by Felisberto de Carvalho used by Adelle in her Externato, interviews with her ex-students and researches in the newspapers of her time, in the Public Archives and in the Historical and Geographic Institute of Rio Grande do Norte, and also in the governors messages, Education Department documents such as laws, and government decrees and acts. It was also taken as a research font the Publich Archives of Ceará-Mirim. The aim of this PhD thesis is understand the primary instruction spreading and modernization in the countryside of Rio Grande do Norte, which began with her teaching pedagogical practices. The research results show Adele Oliveira used practical and experimental modern methodological teaching methods in the subjects she taught. Due to this, in her scholar routine, she avoided physical punishment and mechanical teaching and learning strategies

Famílias e alunos de origem africana no Maranhão do século XIX

This article demonstrates the existence of black families and the presence of children from these families in public schools of Maranhão, in the nineteenth century. Based on a conjectural methodology newspapers ads of the nineteenth century were consulted and also codices relating to records of baptism, marriage, and documentation of the Government Secretary, located in the Public Archives of the State of Maranhão and Public Library Benedito Leite.

A implantação da reforma do ensino de 1º e 2º graus no estado de São Paulo nas páginas da imprensa (1971-1982)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Um painel com cangalhas e bicicletas: os (des)caminhos da modernidade no alto sertão da Bahia (Caetité, 1910-1930)

Pós-graduação em História - FCHS

Estudo comparativo ortográfico: uma análise descritivo-comparativa em documentos históricos do século XIX em São Luís do Maranhão

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)