ECOTURISMO E CONTRIBUIÇÂO AO DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÀVEL EM COMUNIDADES - CEARÁ - BRASIL

O estudo evidencia o ecoturismo, relacionando-o  com  ecologia e com a dinâmica e evolução da sociedade moderna que exige espaços de consumo para lazer.  Analisa a interface do turismo com o meio ambiente, explica impactos socioambientais associados à mercantilização da natureza e identifica soluções. Associa o ecoturismo aos compromissos de mudanças da sociedade de consumo, difundindo princípios de sustentabilidade.  Apresenta perfil de ecoturistas e diferenciações entre geossistema e ecossistema. Nos geossistemas  Pantanal, Amazônia, Litoral, Serras, Caatingas e Cerrados estão ecossistemas propícios a interpretação ambiental ou a descoberta da natureza com atribuição de significados. Além de técnicas para  realização adequada do lazer em Unidades de Conservação Ambiental, histórias de trilhas e formas diferenciadas de realizá-las. Aponta utilização de forma sustentável do patrimônio natural e cultural, proteção ambiental, consciência ecológica e oportunidades às comunidades, com resultados econômicos favoráveis à melhoria das condições de vida dos pólos de ecoturismo. Explica a produz de baixos impactos ambientais, sustentação socioeconômica para unidades de conservação ambiental e alternativas para economias locais, com agricultura familiar, extrativismo, pesca artesanal, atividades ligadas à natureza. Toma como base áreas de ecoturismo no Ceará - Brasil que respeitam exigências éticas para a sustentabilidade do ecoturismo, e em especial da sociedade.

ANÁLISE DE EFETIVIDADE DE MANEJO DO GEOPARK ARARIPE – BRASIL

A criação de Geoparks é uma estratégia de proteção dos recursos naturais adotada pela UNESCO. Seus objetivos permitem compatibilizar a conservação do patrimônio natural, notadamente o geológico, e cultural do seu território, ao mesmo tempo em que impulsiona o desenvolvimento sustentável local. Os Geoparks são avaliados a cada quatro anos sob pena de perder a chancela da UNESCO, caso não cumpram os requisitos exigidos. Portanto, um manejo efetivo do Geopark permitirá o cumprimento dos seus objetivos. O Brasil possui um Geopark, o Geopark Araripe, localizado no Estado do Ceará, na Região Nordeste do País. Este trabalho tem como objetivos: analisar a efetividade de manejo do Geopark Araripe; testar uma adaptação da metodologia de efetividade de manejo para o caso do Geopark Araripe; avaliar qual âmbito está mais efetivo e qual está menos efetivo; comparar o seu grau de efetividade de manejo com outras áreas protegidas; e propor medidas para aumentar sua efetividade. Foi utilizada adaptação da metodologia para medição da efetividade de manejo de áreas protegidas elaborada por Cifuentes et al (2000). Depois de analisadas 45 variáveis, a análise de manejo do Geopark Araripe resultou em 60,9% do seu total ótimo, classificando-se como Medianamente Satisfatória.  A análise desses resultados evidencia que muitas metas encontram-se regulares e, portanto, ainda precisam ser alavancadas.

Study of the relationship between roads, relief, land use, and natural vegetation in the Ibiuna Plateau - SP, focusing on landscape ecology

Roads facilitate access by deforestation agents, being relevant in studies approaching conservationist matters in rainforests. It is important to understand the relationship between road distribution, relief, land use, and forest coverage in order to evaluate where forests are more vulnerable. This study aimed at: 1) understanding the relationship between relief and density and road connectivity in three moments in time; and 2) evaluating the relationship between distance from roads and forest coverage, farmlands and rural and urban facilities in a fragmented Atlantic Forest landscape in three moments in time. Maps of roads, altitude, and land use and coverage were used. Chi-square tests showed that: 1) density and road connectivity did not present significant relationship with the relief; and 2) forest areas occupy areas distant from the roads, while farmlands and rural and urban facilities occupy areas nearer the roads. Roads and land use, regardless of relief, influence forest coverage distribution. Thus, we suggest that roads are taken into account in conservationist strategies and environmental planning.

Paisagem, um patrimônio esquecido: subsídios para a construção de uma metodologia de valoração e proteção do cenário natural litorâneo

The so-called "residential tourism" came to intensify the previous occupation of the coastal zones, characterized by traditional beach houses, and brought significant consequences for their spatial configuration, and especially for its scenic value of the landscape. Although there is the intention to regulate the activities of enterprising groups by some legal instruments to control the use and occupation of land, and to contain some negative effects, the actions of government are still inefficient in trying to follow the implications on the landscape from the accelerated growth of the real estate and touristic sectors. Supported in the speech of economic development and income generation, public managers prioritize areas to attract tourists to the detriment of preserving important physical attributes of the natural environment that contribute significantly to the quality of life. The result can be noticed in the use of natural elements as one of the major components in the land valorization, and in the immediate attraction of investors and enterprising. Therefore, the objective of this work is to contribute to the debate on the landscape preservation a little detailed thematic in view of their relevance in the current context - by indicating subsidies to the creation of a methodology for the evaluation and protection of coastal zones that may assist the government in creating new instruments, and better prepare it in control of the occupation of these areas. For such, was followed two ways to analysis: the indirect method and the direct method. The first is grounded in the evaluation of landscape attributes, which is based on the work of Raquel Tardin (2008) and Eduardo Cuesta, Encarnación Algarra and Isabel Pastor (2001). The second, based on the research of Leticia and Carlos Hardt (2010) and on the concepts of phenomenology - expressed by Antonio Christofoletti (1985) and Yi-Fu Tuan (1983) - considers the population perspective on the quality of the natural scenery. Developed through cartographic materials, photographic collections and quantitative tables, this dissertation utilized as a case study the beaches of Barra de Tabatinga and Camurupim, located in the city of Nísia Floresta/RN. Despite already being sighted spaces of advanced stage of landscape degradation in these locations, areas of remarkable scenic value can still be found, what reinforce the urgency in adopting preservationists actions. The absence of laws focused on the management and protection of the landscape singularities associated with the inefficiency of the government to invigilate the land occupation in coastal zones, encourage the excessive action of the real estate-tourism, and consequently make the government the main responsible for the environmental and landscape impacts in these areas - by its omission or by their connivance. Therefore, the legislation permeates this entire process and constitutes itself as the most effective way to guarantee the right to the landscape to present and future generations. Are also pointed some important considerations to build a methodology, especially concerning possibilities of improvements and adaptations of its applicability in each case

Parasitismo natural de bufalinos em Botucatu, SP, Brasil: III. Dinâmica do parasitismo gastro-intestinal em vacas e suas crias

Gastro-intestinal parasitism of 24 buffalo cows before parturition, and post-parturition, their infection and that of their respective calves during the following 30 weeks were studied. Willis, Hoffmann and whenever possible, the modified Gordon & Whitlock techniques were used for fecal examinations. Toxocara vitulorum eggs were the earliest forms encountered in calves feces, as follows: during the 1st week after birth, 58.33% of the calves were positive, and in the 4th week, 100% of these animals were positive. Eggs of Strongyloides sp were in the 1st week after birth in two of the calves and in the 5th week, all for them were positive. The next parasites to appear were the Coccidia of which oocysts were detected in the feces of two calves in the 2nd week after birth, and 58.33% of the calves were positive for these in the 3rd week, and in the 6th week, all calves shed oocysts in their feces. on the other hand, eggs of Strongylids were the last forms to appear in calves feces. However, despite their sporadic appearance in the feces, eggs of these parasites were observed continuously from the 11th week onwards, and at this point, the percentage of positive samples began to increase to reach its peak. Relatively to adult animals, eggs of T. vitulorum were observed in the feces of 11 cows, one or twice at most; eggs of Strongyloides sp were seen only once in the feces of four buffalo cows and eggs of Strongylids in 21 out of 24 cows. Oocysts of Coccidia were observed in 16 cows. Mechanisms of infestation of calves with these parasites are discussed.

Infecção natural de Equus caballus por Leishmania sp - São Paulo, Brasil (Breve comunicação científica)

E assinalado, pela primeira vez, o encontro de um cavalo (Equus caballus) infeclado por Leishmania sp, no Estado de São Paulo.

The use of standard methodology for determination of antifungal activity of natural products against medical yeasts Candida sp and Cryptococcus sp

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Regeneração natural em remanescentes florestais e áreas reflorestadas da várzea do rio Mogi-Guaçu, Luiz Antônio - SP

O trabalho objetivou descrever e avaliar a estrutura da regeneração de espécies arbóreas em dois remanescentes naturais e em três áreas reflorestadas com espécies nativas e em um povoamento de Eucalyptus robusta, situados em área de várzea do rio Mogi-Guaçu, Luiz Antônio, SP (21º31'S e 47º55'W). Foram amostradas 40 subparcelas de 2 m² em cada remanescente natural e sub-bosque de eucalipto e 60 subparcelas de 3,5 m² em cada área reflorestada. Foram amostrados todos os indivíduos arbóreos de regeneração com altura > a 10 cm e diâmetro do caule até a altura do peito (DAP) < 5,0 cm e analisados separadamente, em quatro classes de altura, a diversidade florística, a regeneração natural (Rn%), o valor de importância (VI) e a similaridade da regeneração com indivíduos de DAP > 5 cm. Foram identificados 1.990 indivíduos, pertencentes a 24 famílias, 46 gêneros e 51 espécies. Cabralea canjerana, Psidium cattleyanum, Nectandra megapotamica, Acacia polyphylla e Syzygium cumini estavam entre as espécies mais representadas nas quatro categorias de tamanho. O reflorestamento com espécies nativas em áreas degradadas da várzea do rio Mogi-Guaçu promoveu a regeneração natural com biodiversidade superior aos remanescentes naturais de florestas ciliares sob efeito de borda e contribuiu para com o processo de restauração de ecossistemas florestais. O povoamento de Eucalyptus robusta com cerca de 20 anos de idade favoreceu a regeneração de espécies climácicas e secundárias.

Comparative study of disk diffusion and microdilution methods for evaluation of antifungal activity of natural compounds against medical yeasts Candida spp and Cryptococcus sp

Antifungal activity of natural products has been tested by adapting methods designed for synthetic drugs. In this study, two methods for the determination of antifungal activity of natural products, agar diffusion and broth microdilution, the CLSI reference methods for synthetic drugs, are compared and discussed. The microdilution method was more sensitive. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of crude extracts, fractions and pure substances from different species of the plant families Piperaceae, Rubiaceae, Clusiaceae, Fabaceae and Lauraceae, from the Biota project, were determined. Antifungal activities against Candida albicans, C.krusei, C.parapsilosis and Cryptococcus neoformans were produced by several samples.

O espaço urbano e suas temporalidades: diagnóstico e propostas de intervenção para o patrimônio histórico do centro de Limeira - SP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Patrimônio geológico no Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira - SP: inventariação e quantificação de geossítios

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Paisagem, um patrimônio esquecido: subsídios para a construção de uma metodologia de valoração e proteção do cenário natural litorâneo

The so-called "residential tourism" came to intensify the previous occupation of the coastal zones, characterized by traditional beach houses, and brought significant consequences for their spatial configuration, and especially for its scenic value of the landscape. Although there is the intention to regulate the activities of enterprising groups by some legal instruments to control the use and occupation of land, and to contain some negative effects, the actions of government are still inefficient in trying to follow the implications on the landscape from the accelerated growth of the real estate and touristic sectors. Supported in the speech of economic development and income generation, public managers prioritize areas to attract tourists to the detriment of preserving important physical attributes of the natural environment that contribute significantly to the quality of life. The result can be noticed in the use of natural elements as one of the major components in the land valorization, and in the immediate attraction of investors and enterprising. Therefore, the objective of this work is to contribute to the debate on the landscape preservation a little detailed thematic in view of their relevance in the current context - by indicating subsidies to the creation of a methodology for the evaluation and protection of coastal zones that may assist the government in creating new instruments, and better prepare it in control of the occupation of these areas. For such, was followed two ways to analysis: the indirect method and the direct method. The first is grounded in the evaluation of landscape attributes, which is based on the work of Raquel Tardin (2008) and Eduardo Cuesta, Encarnación Algarra and Isabel Pastor (2001). The second, based on the research of Leticia and Carlos Hardt (2010) and on the concepts of phenomenology - expressed by Antonio Christofoletti (1985) and Yi-Fu Tuan (1983) - considers the population perspective on the quality of the natural scenery. Developed through cartographic materials, photographic collections and quantitative tables, this dissertation utilized as a case study the beaches of Barra de Tabatinga and Camurupim, located in the city of Nísia Floresta/RN. Despite already being sighted spaces of advanced stage of landscape degradation in these locations, areas of remarkable scenic value can still be found, what reinforce the urgency in adopting preservationists actions. The absence of laws focused on the management and protection of the landscape singularities associated with the inefficiency of the government to invigilate the land occupation in coastal zones, encourage the excessive action of the real estate-tourism, and consequently make the government the main responsible for the environmental and landscape impacts in these areas - by its omission or by their connivance. Therefore, the legislation permeates this entire process and constitutes itself as the most effective way to guarantee the right to the landscape to present and future generations. Are also pointed some important considerations to build a methodology, especially concerning possibilities of improvements and adaptations of its applicability in each case

Paisagem, um patrimônio esquecido: subsídios para a construção de uma metodologia de valoração e proteção do cenário natural litorâneo

The so-called "residential tourism" came to intensify the previous occupation of the coastal zones, characterized by traditional beach houses, and brought significant consequences for their spatial configuration, and especially for its scenic value of the landscape. Although there is the intention to regulate the activities of enterprising groups by some legal instruments to control the use and occupation of land, and to contain some negative effects, the actions of government are still inefficient in trying to follow the implications on the landscape from the accelerated growth of the real estate and touristic sectors. Supported in the speech of economic development and income generation, public managers prioritize areas to attract tourists to the detriment of preserving important physical attributes of the natural environment that contribute significantly to the quality of life. The result can be noticed in the use of natural elements as one of the major components in the land valorization, and in the immediate attraction of investors and enterprising. Therefore, the objective of this work is to contribute to the debate on the landscape preservation a little detailed thematic in view of their relevance in the current context - by indicating subsidies to the creation of a methodology for the evaluation and protection of coastal zones that may assist the government in creating new instruments, and better prepare it in control of the occupation of these areas. For such, was followed two ways to analysis: the indirect method and the direct method. The first is grounded in the evaluation of landscape attributes, which is based on the work of Raquel Tardin (2008) and Eduardo Cuesta, Encarnación Algarra and Isabel Pastor (2001). The second, based on the research of Leticia and Carlos Hardt (2010) and on the concepts of phenomenology - expressed by Antonio Christofoletti (1985) and Yi-Fu Tuan (1983) - considers the population perspective on the quality of the natural scenery. Developed through cartographic materials, photographic collections and quantitative tables, this dissertation utilized as a case study the beaches of Barra de Tabatinga and Camurupim, located in the city of Nísia Floresta/RN. Despite already being sighted spaces of advanced stage of landscape degradation in these locations, areas of remarkable scenic value can still be found, what reinforce the urgency in adopting preservationists actions. The absence of laws focused on the management and protection of the landscape singularities associated with the inefficiency of the government to invigilate the land occupation in coastal zones, encourage the excessive action of the real estate-tourism, and consequently make the government the main responsible for the environmental and landscape impacts in these areas - by its omission or by their connivance. Therefore, the legislation permeates this entire process and constitutes itself as the most effective way to guarantee the right to the landscape to present and future generations. Are also pointed some important considerations to build a methodology, especially concerning possibilities of improvements and adaptations of its applicability in each case

Pragas da cultura de milho (Zea mays, L.) e seu inimigo natural Doru sp. na região de Guaíra-SP.

1995

Avaliação preliminar da qualidade de água na microbacia do Ribeirão das Araras (SP) .

A região nordeste do Estado de São Paulo concentra uma área rica em atividades vinculadas ao setor agropecuário desde o século XIX, com a entrada do café. A partir da década de 20, com a quebra da bolsa de Nova York, e principalmente a partir da década de 70, com o Proálcool, a cultura da cana-de-açúcar ganhou grande importância na região. Como seria esperado, a implantação das culturas trouxe impactos antrópicos como a supressão da vegetação natural e a expansão de áreas urbanas. Segundo o relatório ?Uso e Cobertura das Terras na Região Nordeste do Estado de São Paulo?, da Embrapa Monitoramento por Satélite (2007), as áreas urbanas aumentaram mais de 30%, de 89.818 ha para 118.898 ha em 2002/2003. A expansão foi registrada principalmente por 15.128 ha de pastagens, 6.072 ha de cana-de-açúcar e 3.447 ha de culturas anuais. Por outro lado, a retração ocorreu sobre 48 ha de pastagens, 22 ha de vegetação ripária e 22 ha de corpos d?água mapeados na zona peri-urbana. Em 2002/2003, no município de Araras, a área urbana ocupava 3741 ha, enquanto a área referente aos corpos d´água (represas, açudes, lagos, lagoas e os rios) compreendia 934 ha. (EMBRAPA MONITORAMENTO POR SATÉLITE, 2007). Assim, dada a importância da agricultura na região, e seus possíveis impactos ambientais sobre os recursos hídricos, o objetivo desta circular técnica é apresentar os resultados preliminares referentes à avaliação da qualidade da água na microbacia do Ribeirão das Araras, SP.