O papel sócio empreendedor da ONG Sodireitos em defesa dos direitos sexuais e migratórios na Amazônia

This paper presents a case study from the Society for the Defense of Sexual and Migrate Rivers Amazônia - Sodireitos, whose central problem is to understand how it the works the social entrepreneur of the NGO Sodireitos in defense of sexual rights and migrate rivers in Amazônia. The central objective is to analyze the practices Social Entrepreneurship at the NGO Sodireitos on sexual rights and migrate rivers. The method adopted examined the entire creation process at the NGO the present day. Primary and secondary dates were used allowing the viewing of the dynamic intervention Social Sodireitos practiced by the fields of human rights and migrate rivers. Categories of analyses were given, and possible perceive in works of the strong Sodireitos flags that converge to social entrepreneurship as a guideline in the search for a model of human development, social and mainstay vel.

Modelo de conducta sexual en hombres que tienen sexo con hombres

Evaluar un modelo explicativo de la conducta sexual de los HSH a partir de algunos conceptos del MPS, como las características personales (biológicas, psicológicas y socioculturales), las cogniciones (autoeficacia percibida, beneficios percibidos, barreras percibidas, influencias interpersonales y situacionales) y la conducta de salud, además de los conceptos de identidad sexual, búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales y homofobia internalizada. Se utilizó un diseño de comprobación de modelo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 241 HSH, la cual se calculó con un nivel de significancia de .05, un Coeficiente de Determinación de R2 = .1, una potencia de prueba de 90% para un modelo de Regresión Lineal Multivariado con 14 variables. Se utilizó el muestreo dirigido por entrevistados (MDE). Los instrumentos utilizados fueron: escala de búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales, escala de homofobia internalizada, sub-escala de beneficios percibido de la escala de creencias de salud sida, sub-escala de efectos sobre la experiencia sexual en hombres, escala de autoeficacia para el uso del condón, escala provisión social para sexo seguro para medir el apoyo familiar y de la pareja, escala de influencias situacionales para la conducta sexual en HSH y escala de conducta sexual en HSH estos últimos (2), fueron elaboradas para el presente estudio. Los instrumentos fueron aplicados en lápiz y papel y en línea, éste último aplicado a través del portal SurveyMonkey. Todos los instrumentos mostraron confiabilidad aceptable. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial, la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov con corrección de Lilliefors, coeficientes correlación de Sperman, pruebas de Regresión Lineal Múltiple y el Modelo de Ecuaciones Estructurales. Contribución y Conclusiones: La variable número de parejas sexuales en el último año, presentó una media de 10.52 (Mdn= 3.0, DE= 30.54, min= 1, max= 300) y el 12.9% de los participantes señalaron haber tenido al menos una ITS (Media= .13, DE= .33). En relación a los modelos de regresión, en el primer modelo de factores biológicos, socioculturales y psicológicos en la percepción para el uso del condón, se encontró que una identidad bisexual, hombre o gay perciben mayores beneficios (F[6,231]= 3.27, p < .001). También, a mayor escolaridad y búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales perciben mayores barreras para usar el condón (F[6,231]= 6.66, p < .001). Los HSH que se identifican como gay y tienen mayor escolaridad perciben mayor autoeficacia en la comunicación y en el uso correcto del condón (F[6,231]= 4.32, p < .001; F[6,231]= 2.44, p < .05, respectivamente). En el segundo modelo de factores biológicos, socioculturales y psicológicos en las influencias interpersonales para la conducta sexual en HSH, demostró que los HSH con mayor escolaridad y menor búsqueda de sensaciones sexuales tienen mayor apoyo de la pareja para practicar sexo seguro (F [9,210]= 2.61, p < .001).

A conexão corporal como mediadora da relação entre mindfulness e resposta sexual

Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada no ISPA – Instituto Universitário para obtenção do grau de Mestre na especialidade de Psicologia da Saúde.

Papel reproductivo y productivo de las mujeres esclavas en Costa Rica en el siglo XVIII

ResumenEste trabajo trata sobre la explotación sexual y económica que enfrentaron las mujeres esclavas en la provincia de Costa Rica durante el siglo XVIII. De ahí que se estudia su papel como reproductoras de mano de obra revisando la legislación emitida a este respecto. Así mismo se analiza su rol como productoras de riqueza examinando las diferentes funciones económicas que cumplieron, como mano de obra y mercancía. Además se hace referencia a los castigos a que fueron sometidas, a las enfermedades que sufrieron y a algunas de sus estrategias de resistencia ante la explotación y abuso de que fueron objeto.AbstractThis article is about the sexual and economic exploitation that female slaves faced in the province of Costa Rica during the eighteenth century. It studies their role as reproducers of slave labor reviewing the colonial legislation in this respect. It also analyzes their role as wealth producers examining the different economic functions that they fulfilled as labor force and merchandise. In addition it refers to the punishments, to the diseases suffered by these slave women, and to some of their strategies to survive the abuse and exploitation they faced

El abuso sexual a niñas, niños y adolescentes: un secreto familiar, un problema familiar, un problema social

This investigation has the purpose of identifying how to prevent through educational processes, and then eradicate, the sexual abuse against children and adolescents in rural communities from Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua. The premise is that sexual abuse cannot be approached in an isolated way; it requires integral and committed actions of the institutions in charge of children and adolescents’ integral protection and development. This implies considering: the legal framework, the response offered by government and private organizations towards the prevention and attention of rights as well as their actions to penalize and restore the violated rights; the role of families as main responsible of the well being of their children and the role of children and adolescents.

Sexual selection in a tropical fruit fly : role of a plant derived chemical in mate choice

The specific mechanisms by which selective pressures affect individuals are often difficult to resolve. In tephritid fruit flies, males respond strongly and positively to certain plant derived chemicals. Sexual selection by female choice has been hypothesized as the mechanism driving this behaviour in certain species, as females preferentially mate with males that have fed on these chemicals. This hypothesis is, to date, based on studies of only very few species and its generality is largely untested. We tested the hypothesis on different spatial scales (small cage and seminatural field-cage) using the monophagous fruit fly, Bactrocera cacuminata. This species is known to respond to methyl eugenol (ME), a chemical found in many plant species and one upon which previous studies have focused. Contrary to expectation, no obvious female choice was apparent in selecting ME-fed males over unfed males as measured by the number of matings achieved over time, copulation duration, or time of copulation initiation. However, the number of matings achieved by ME-fed males was significantly greater than unfed males 16 and 32 days after exposure to ME in small cages (but not in a field-cage). This delayed advantage suggests that ME may not influence the pheromone system of B. cacuminata but may have other consequences, acting on some other fitness consequence (e.g., enhancement of physiology or survival) of male exposure to these chemicals. We discuss the ecological and evolutionary implications of our findings to explore alternate hypotheses to explain the patterns of response of dacine fruit flies to specific plant-derived chemicals.

Multi-victim sexual assault : a case study in rural Australia

Objective: There is a paucity of information regarding cases of multi-victim sexual assault of children. The reported incidence suggests that these cases are rare. The aim of this paper is to provide practitioners with information about effective intervention strategies arising out of the direct experience of managing a case of multi-victim sexual assault in an Australian rural community. --------- Method: A descriptive, case-report methodology summarizing the investigation and intervention in a case of multi-victim sexual assault is reported. A community based intervention arising out of the disclosures of 21 male children is described. The intervention occurred at an individual, group, and community level using a coordinated multi-disciplinary team and natural helping networks. ---------- Results: The coordination of police and welfare services increased the communication flow to victims, their families, and the community. The case also demonstrated the utility in regularly briefing political and bureaucratic authorities as well as local officials about emergent issues. Coordinating political and bureaucratic responses was essential in obtaining ongoing support and sufficient researching to enable the effective delivery of services. ---------- Conclusions: Interventions were focused at an individual, group, and community level using a coordinated multi-disciplinary team and natural helping networks. This provided a choice of services which were sensitive to the case setting. Recommendations are offered for practitioners who are confronted with similar events. While this paper describes an approach for intervening in a case of multi-victim sexual assault, further empirical research is needed to enable service deliverers to efficaciously target interventions which offer choice to victims and their families.

Inhibiting outrage: tactics and counter-tactics in legal cases of sexual harassment

Sexual harassment can be conceptualised as an interaction between harassers and targets. Utilising 23 detailed legal transcripts, this study explored evidence of a range of perpetrator tactics and target counter-tactics. These tactics can be readily fitted into the backfire framework, which proposes that powerful perpetrators of perceived unjust acts are likely to cover up the actions, devalue the target, reinterpret the events, use official channels to give an appearance of justice, and intimidate or bribe people involved. Targets can respond using counter-tactics of exposure, validation, reframing, mobilisation of support, and resistance. The findings have implications for raising awareness of harassing tactics and recommendations for effective informal responses in organisations.

Differences between journalistic and academic accounts of child sexual abuse in Australia

The paper uses qualitative textual analysis to compare journalistic and academic accounts of child sexual abuse. There are seven main differences. Academic accounts suggest higher levels of neglect, emotional abuse, and physical abuse than sexual abuse in Australia, by contrast, journalistic accounts highlight sexual abuse. Academic accounts suggest that child sexual abuse in Australia is decreasing; journalistic accounts suggest that it is increasing. Academic accounts suggest that the majority of cases of child sexual abuse are perpetrated by family members; journalistic accounts focus on abuse by institutional figures (teachers, priests) or by strangers. Academic accounts have shown that innocent sexual play is a normal part of childhood development; journalistic accounts suggest that any sexual play is either a sign of abuse, or in itself constitutes sexual abuse. Academic accounts suggest that one of the best ways to prevent sexual abuse is for children to receive sex education; journalistic accounts suggest that children finding out about sex leads to sexual abuse. Academic accounts can gather data from the victims; journalistic accounts are excluded from doing so. Academic researchers talk to abusers in order to understand how child sexual abuse can be prevented; journalistic accounts exclude the voices of child sexual abusers.