Nuevas observaciones sobre la administracion de Jeneral José H. López en la Nueva-Granada y un apendice contestando de Señor M. Ancizar.

Signed: Manuel Ibañez.

Oiticica, Pape y Vigo : El público como sujeto activo en el proceso artístico

Helio Oiticica, Lygia Pape y Edgardo Antonio Vigo compartían la idea más o menos difundida entre los '60 y '70 de que el público debía pasar de su función de espectador pasivo a participante en el proceso artístico. El abandono de la producción de obras tradicionales, distantes y estáticas, implicó un tipo de propuestas que implicaban la acción corporal y el llamado a la exploración y el estímulo sensible. Estos programas tienden a representar una tríada autor-público-obra que pretendería romper con las concepciones más tradicionales ligadas a las Bellas Artes y se presentaban como parte de un proceso democratizador del arte, especialmente en América Latina. Apelan a una estrategia de intervención en diversos espacios, especialmente públicos, así como a una particular relación entre público y ambiente físico, pero también social

A educação popular para todos de uma cidade educadora (Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, 1957-1964)

This work has as a research subject of popular education policies of the city of Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, in the years 1957 to 1964. It aims to identify and analyze popular education policies developed and implemented by the Municipality of Natal in these years. To get the historical data, we establish as a guiding reserch question the following: Which elaborated educational policies were implemented by the Municipality of Natal in the years 1957-1964? and took over as the method Evidential Paradigm as proposition in Pinheiro (2009). This is anchored in documentary sources of Educational Legislation at National, State and Municipal levels as well as in the newspapers Folha de Tarde and Jornal de Natal; in existing documents from the archives of the Historical and Geographical Institute of Rio Grande do Norte (IHGRN), the Municipal Public Archives of Natal; iconographic sources; interviews and academic publications. In addition to these sources, we were inspired by the works of Aristotles (2011), Hobbes (2009), Freire (2011), Góes (1980), Germano (1989), Cortez (2005) and Galvão (2004). This research allowed us to understand that policies of popular education of Natal (RN) were based on a democratic educational practice, supported on three pillars, namely: participation and involvement of Natal population; construction and reconstruction of teaching practices in prioritizing their action programs to mass literacy and the training of lay teachers; and the democratization of culture. This historical process made Natal on educating city.

Entre o comentário e a entrevista: “A Opinião de José Sócrates” (RTP1), “A Opinião de Luís Marques Mendes” (SIC) e “Os Comentários de Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa” (TVI)

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Comunicação Social como parte dos requisitos para obtenção de grau de mestre em Jornalismo.

Esprit Futur : Le Corbusier and José Oubrerie at Saint-Pierre De Firminy, Firminy-Vert, France, 1968–2006

What is the secret mesmerism that death possesses and under the operation of which a modern architect – strident, confident, resolute – becomes rueful, pessimistic, or melancholic?1 Five years before Le Corbusier’s death at sea in 1965, the architect reluctantly agreed to adopt the project for L’Église Saint-Pierre de Firminy in Firminy-Vert (1960–2006), following the death of its original architect, André Sive, from leukemia in 1958.2 Le Corbusier had already developed, in 1956, the plan for an enclave in the new “green” Firminy town, which included his youth and culture center and a stadium and swimming pool; the church and a “boîte à miracles” near the youth center were inserted into the plan in the ’60s. (Le Corbusier was also invited, in 1962, to produce another plan for three Unités d’Habitation outside Firminy-Vert.) The Saint-Pierre church should have been the zenith of the quartet (the largest urban concentration of works by Le Corbusier in Europe, and what the architect Henri Ciriani termed Le Corbusier’s “acropolis”3) but in the early course of the project, Le Corbusier would suffer the diocese’s serial objections to his vision for the church – not unlike the difficulties he experienced with Notre Dame du Haut at Ronchamp (1950–1954) and the resistance to his proposed monastery of Sainte-Marie de la Tourette (1957–1960). In 1964, the bishop of Saint-Étienne requested that Le Corbusier relocate the church to a new site, but Le Corbusier refused and the diocese subsequently withdrew from the project. (With neither the approval, funds, nor the participation of the bishop, by then the cardinal archbishop of Lyon, the first stone of the church was finally laid on the site in 1970.) Le Corbusier’s ambivalence toward the project, even prior to his quarrels with the bishop, reveals...

La modernización entre cafetales : San José, Costa Rica, 1880-1930

This work examines the urban modernization of San José, Costa Rica, between 1880 and 1930, using a cultural approach to trace the emergence of the bourgeois city in a small Central American capital, within the context of order and progress. As proposed by Henri Lefebvre, Manuel Castells and Edward Soja, space is given its rightful place as protagonist. The city, subject of this study, is explored as a seat of social power and as the embodiment of a cultural transformation that took shape in that space, a transformation spearheaded by the dominant social group, the Liberal elite. An analysis of the product built environment allows us to understand why the city grew in a determined manner: how the urban space became organized and how its infrastructure and services distributed. Although the emphasis is on the Liberal heyday from 1880-1930, this study also examines the history of the city since its origins in the late colonial period through its consolidation as a capital during the independent era, in order to characterize the nineteenth century colonial city that prevailed up to 1890 s. A diverse array of primary sources including official acts, memoirs, newspaper sources, maps and plans, photographs, and travelogues are used to study the initial phase of San Jose s urban growth. The investigation places the first period of modern urban growth at the turn of the nineteenth century within the prevailing ideological and political context of Positivism and Liberalism. The ideas of the city s elite regarding progress were translated into and reflected in the physical transformation of the city and in the social construction of space. Not only the transformations but also the limits and contradictions of the process of urban change are examined. At the same time, the reorganization of the city s physical space and the beginnings of the ensanche are studied. Hygiene as an engine of urban renovation is explored by studying the period s new public infrastructure (including pipelines, sewer systems, and the use of asphalt pavement) as part of the Saneamiento of San José. The modernization of public space is analyzed through a study of the first parks, boulevards and monuments and the emergence of a new urban culture prominently displayed in these green spaces. Parks and boulevards were new public and secular places of power within the modern city, used by the elite to display and educate the urban population into the new civic and secular traditions. The study goes on to explore the idealized image of the modern city through an analysis of European and North American travelogues and photography. The new esthetic of theatrical-spectacular representation of the modern city constructed a visual guide of how to understand and come to know the city. A partial and selective image of generalized urban change presented only the bourgeois facade and excluded everything that challenged the idea of progress. The enduring patterns of spatial and symbolic exclusion built into Costa Rica s capital city at the dawn of the twentieth century shed important light on the long-term political social and cultural processes that have created the troubled urban landscapes of contemporary Latin America.

Jos heti lataa kaiken ja osoittaa sormella, ei ne nuoret tule mukaan. Järjestöjen mahdollisuudet vaikuttaa nuorten ruokatottumuksiin.

Aims: The older the youngsters are, the more important role hobbies and leisure time activities have in their life. That is why various activities organized by the non-profit organizations have an important role concerning the development of food habits of youngsters. This study has three main themes. The themes and their respective study questions are: 1. The youngsters' conceptions on healthy eating and food choice: What kind of food do youngsters consider as healthy? How do they see their own eating habits from this point of view? 2. The youngsters and the significance of everyday food-related information: How do the youngsters perceive the role of different actors and these actors' role regarding their own food habits and food choice? 3. The possibilities of the organizations that work with youngsters to improve their food habits: What kind of role do the non-profit organizations have on the youngsters' food habits and healthy food choice? Methods: This study comprises of two types of data. First, a quantitative internet-based survey (N=582) was used to collect data on the 9th graders conceptions and understandings. The data was analyzed with the SPSS-program. Means, cross-tabulations, Pearson´s correlations and t-test were calculated from the data. The qualitative data was collected using interviews. The respondents were 12 experts from non-profit organizations. The interviews were analyzed with the qualitative content analysis. Results and conclusions: The non-profit organizations studied have good possibilities to communicate with youngsters through their hobbies. As part of their activities these organizations are able to influence on health-promoting lifestyle and food habits of youngsters. In order to reach more youngsters, these organizations should actively act e.g. in virtual societies of youngsters. Youngsters will participate when activities are voluntary and exhilarating. From the point of food habits doing, learning and identifying are the most important factors to engage the young. Also the models of peers and adults are important. Non-profit organizations should offer youngsters activities but these organizations should also influence on society.

Mauerberger Family 1823-1957

Photocopy of family tree of Mauerberger and related families.

Es war einmal 1882-1902

Childhood in Berlin; cultural life in fin-de-siecle Berlin; voyages and travels; marriage with physician Ernst Gustav Levin; contains newspaper clippings on author's mother, the social worker Hermine Lesser, copies of letter by the author from 1942, poems by Ernst Ludwig Levin

Lucien Wolf and David Mowshowitch papers, [ca. 1869-1959]

Correspondence, reports, minutes, manuscripts, and clippings relating to the activities of Wolf, Mowshowitch, and the Joint Foreign Committee, as well as to the political situation of Jews in various countries and to the Paris Peace Conference. Papers of Lucien Wolf include his diary, lectures on English-German relations and English-Russian relations; bibliography of Wolf's works on Jewish themes; clippings of Wolf's articles; congratulations on his seventieth birthday; article on his last interview with Chamberlain; and correspondence with parents, 1869-1882, A. Abrahams, 1914-1925, Chief Rabbi Dr. J.H. Hertz, 1892-1923, Clara Melchior, 1913-1929, Jacob Schiff, 1910, Maxim Vinawer, 1917, Mark Wischnitzer, 1926-1928, Lord Robert Cecil, 1916-1919, Lord Rothschild, 1906, Cyrus Adler, Count J. Bernstorff, Szymon Ashkenazy, Solomon Dingol, Louis Marshall, Claude G. Montefiore, Sir Edward Sassoon, Jacob Schiff, Lord William Selborne, Nakhum Sokolow, Oscar Straus, Chaim Weizmann, the American Jewish Congress, 1916-1923, Hilfsverein der Deutschen Juden, 1913, and Jewish Historical Society of England.

[The Rosenthal family from Münchholzhausen] 1868-1957

Vital records (originals and translations) and a family tree of the descendents of the cobbler Moses Rosenthal (1820-1896) and his wife Hannchen Stern (1815-1868) from Münchholzhausen, Germany.

Jos olisin viisas niin siivoisin : Lasten luovat prosessit päiväkodissa

It has been found usually to talk in the early childhood education in connection with the creativity about arts and skills and about play. In this treatise, the creativity is approached besides play but also from the point of view of the creativity of the everyday. The starting point for the study is the view according to which the creativity is complex interaction between a creative person and an environment. The theoretical body of the study is the Componential theory of creativity of Amabile (1996). The process which is open and product which is new and suitable or acceptable were defined creative. In the opinion of many researchers, the creativity is a phenomenon that has determined in a certain time and place so the creativity is examined from the point of view of the social constructionism. As creative processes in the day nursery it has been defined pretend play, child´s involvement and children´s agentive perception which is based on the Children´s agentive perception theory of Reunamo (2007). The purpose of the study is to clarify how the child's personal factors and the social environment affect the creative processes of children in the day nursery. This Master's thesis is based on the Children' s agentive perception uncovered study led by Jyrki Reunamo (2010) which was carried out in the spring of 2010 in Keski-Uusimaa and in Hämeenlinna and Taiwan. From the study, a name has also been used "on the sources of Orientation", a research project and development project. The study includes the children's evaluation sector, the observation sector, the children's interview sector and the evaluation sector of the pedagogic environment. 891 Children 1-7 year-old by age participated in the study. All the sectors which belong to the study of Reunamo were utilized in this treatise and the Finnish day nurseries or preschool groups which had participated in the study were marked off as the target group. The main component analysis, sum variables, the correlation coefficients, Mann-Whitney s U-test and Kruskall-Wallas test were used for the statistical examination of the quantitative material. In this treatise it was noticed, both the personal properties of the child and a social environment, that they affected all the examined creative processes which also had a significant connection with each other statistically. The definition of creativity was filled best by the participative answers. However, the number of the participative answers was only 8% in the questions concerning adults. That raised the question whether an attempt should be made to have effect so that the children's better participation also in the interaction with the adults would be possible in the educational culture of the day nursery. In the further study, the conscious building of the social environment which supports the creativity from a social constructionism point of view could indeed be an interesting task. The treatise is suitable for an examination of the interaction between the child's person and a social environment especially from the point of view of the creativity.

Evolución de la eficiencia reproductiva en la finca piloto San José del municipio de Santo Tomás, Chontales. Area modelo del proyecto de mejoramiento de la productividad ganadera para los productores de pequeña y mediana escala

El presente estudio se realizo con el objetivo de determinar la evolución de la eficiencia reproductiva en la finca piloto San José del municipio de Santo tomas, del departamento de Chontales. Evolución de la Eficiencia Reproductiva en la Finca Piloto San José, en el Municipio de Santo Tomas Chontales. Area modelo del proyecto de Mejoramiento de la Productividad Ganadera para los Productores de Pequeña y Mediana Escala. La finca se sitúa entre las coordenadas 13º28’51’’ latitud norte y 70º77’02’’ longitud este, con altura de 420 msnm, con una precipitación promedio anual de 1600 a 2000 mm, con temperatura media anual de 25º a 27ºC. El presente estudio se evaluaron los diferentes índices reproductivos de la finca piloto San José, haciendo uso de los registros que se levantaron durante la etapa de ejecución del proyecto, realizando monitoreos periódicos como: pesajes de ganado y diagnósticos reproductivos, también se realizaba pesaje de leche y prueba de mastitis, estas actividades se realizan una vez al mes, pero con diferencias de 15 días por actividades. La producción total de leche obtenida en la finca fue de 49.500kg de leche durante un año, cuando el IPP fue de 12 meses. Cuando el IPP llego a los 24 meses la producción de leche fue de 27,000Kg. Se obtuvo que entre menor fueron los IPP y los ingresos de las finca fueron mayores. Cuando se alargaron los dias de ordeño también se alargaron los dias de secado. En el año 2005 el promedio del IPC era de 8.5 meses y en el año 2008 se redujo a 4.7 meses. En el año 2005 el IPP era de 18 meses y para el año 2008 se redujo a 14 meses. Para el invierno del 2005 se tenía promedios de 9 partos en invierno con relación al de verano que fue de 3 partos, luego en el verano del 2008 los partos se redujeron a 4 partos, pero en invierno aumentaron a 15 partos por época. El IPC para el 2005 correspondía a un 22 %, para el año 2008 se logro reducir a un 7.5 %. El IPP en el año 2005 fue del 45.7 % y para el 2008 se redujo a un22.4 %, prácticamente se redujo a un 50 %. En la finca piloto en el 2005 se contaba con 12 animales en ordeño y al año 2008 se incremento su número de animales productivos a 19 animales. La producción promedio por vaca siempre se mantuvo estable entre los 4 y 5 litros de leche por vaca, aumentado solamente la producción total de leche por día.

Circovirus Porcino (PCV2) en la granja porcina San José Aganorsa durante el periodo del 2011 al 2013

En el presente trabajo se evaluó la importancia sanitaria y económica que presenta la enfermedad Circovirus en la producción porcina de animales de 1 día de nacidos hasta las 12 semanas de vida, mediante tres evaluaciones en la granja porcina San José, AGANORSA en el municipio de Mateare, la prueba diagnóstica utilizada fue ELISA con captura de anticuerpo especifico para circovirus porcino tipo 2 (PCV2), realizada en el laboratorio nacional de diagnóstico veterinario MAGFOR en julio del 2011. En la primera evaluación se determinaron los indicadores epidemiológicos prevalencia, mortalidad y virulencia; utilizando datos de la empresa (diciembre 2011- julio 2012). Se registraron 15 lotes de animales vacunados y 15 no vacunados. Las variables evaluadas fueron: animales eliminados, animales muertos y total de enfermos. Mediante la prueba de comparación de medias (Duncan) se encontraron diferencias significativas (0.05>P) para las variables, prevalencia con el 19% en lotes no vacunados y 15% en lotes vacunados; para mortalidad el 14% y 9% en los lotes respectivos. La virulencia en lotes no vacunados y vacunados mostró diferencia significativa (0.05>P por Tukey), obteniendo valores del 76.82% y 63.82% para lotes no vacunados y vacunados, respectivamente. Mediante la estimación del coeficiente de correlación (Pearson), se encontró la existencia de relación entre el tratamiento y las variables prevalencia, mortalidad y virulencia. Las pérdidas económicas estimadas en los lotes sin vacunar fueron del 18.47% y en los vacunados del 14.90%, equivalentes a 5,893.545 y 5,544.840 Córdobas, respectivamente; con la vacunación se logró una reducción de un 3.57% de pérdidas económicas, que equivalen a 348,705.00 Córdobas. En la segunda y tercera evaluación las pérdidas económicas fueron del 4.47% y del 6%, lo que se traduce en 184,404.00 y 303,105.00 Córdobas, respectivamente. Para evaluar la efectividad de la aplicación de la vacuna sobre la mortalidad, se utilizó una prueba t-Student, con resultado estadístico altamente significativo (0.001>P). En la primera evaluación se encontraron resultados positivos frente a la vacunación, reduciendo en gran medida los indicadores epidemiológicos; en la segunda y tercera evaluación se determinaron porcentajes altos de mortalidad debido a factores de manejo y otros agentes etiológicos presentes en la granja (Staphylococcus sp. y Haemophilus Parasuis). La implementación de la vacuna para el control y prevención de Circovirus porcino PCV2, fue todo un éxito en la granja, mejorando los pesos obtenidos a las 23 semanas de vida, de 205 a 242 libras, reduciendo el porcentaje de animales pequeños (colitas) y la mortalidad causada por PCV2.