ENTERPRISE: Evaluating New Technologies for Roads Program Initiatives in Safety and Efficiency. Final report.

Arizona Department of Transportation, Phoenix

The natural gas option--new resources and new technologies [microform] : hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy Development and Applications of the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-seventh Congress, first session, July 22, 1981.

"No. 28."

The natural gas option--new resources and new technologies [microform] : hearing before the Subcommittee on Energy Development and Applications of the Committee on Science and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, Ninety-seventh Congress, second session, July 30, 1982.

CIS Microfiche Accession Numbers: CIS 83 H701-10

New networked technologies and carers of people with dementia: an interview study

Dementia is one of the greatest contemporary health and social care challenges, and novel approaches to the care of its sufferers are needed. New information and communication technologies (ICT) have the potential to assist those caring for people with dementia, through access to networked information and support, tracking and surveillance. This article reports the views about such new technologies of 34 carers of people with dementia. We also held a group discussion with nine carers for respondent validation. The carers' actual use of new ICT was limited, although they thought a gradual increase in the use of networked technology in dementia care was inevitable but would bypass some carers who saw themselves as too old. Carers expressed a general enthusiasm for the benefits of ICT, but usually not for themselves, and they identified several key challenges including: establishing an appropriate balance between, on the one hand, privacy and autonomy and, on the other: maximising safety; establishing responsibility for and ownership of the equipment and who bears the costs; the possibility that technological help would mean a loss of valued personal contact; and the possibility that technology would substitute for existing services rather than be complementary. For carers and dementia sufferers to be supported, the expanding use of these technologies should be accompanied by intensive debate of the associated issues.

The role of new information and communication technologies (ICTs) in information and communication in science. A conceptual framework and empirical study

Problem This dissertation presents a literature-based framework for communication in science (with the elements partners, purposes, message, and channel), which it then applies in and amends through an empirical study of how geoscientists use two social computing technologies (SCTs), blogging and Twitter (both general use and tweeting from conferences). How are these technologies used and what value do scientists derive from them? Method The empirical part used a two-pronged qualitative study, using (1) purposive samples of ~400 blog posts and ~1000 tweets and (2) a purposive sample of 8 geoscientist interviews. Blog posts, tweets, and interviews were coded using the framework, adding new codes as needed. The results were aggregated into 8 geoscientist case studies, and general patterns were derived through cross-case analysis. Results A detailed picture of how geoscientists use blogs and twitter emerged, including a number of new functions not served by traditional channels. Some highlights: Geoscientists use SCTs for communication among themselves as well as with the public. Blogs serve persuasion and personal knowledge management; Twitter often amplifies the signal of traditional communications such as journal articles. Blogs include tutorials for peers, reviews of basic science concepts, and book reviews. Twitter includes links to readings, requests for assistance, and discussions of politics and religion. Twitter at conferences provides live coverage of sessions. Conclusions Both blogs and Twitter are routine parts of scientists' communication toolbox, blogs for in-depth, well-prepared essays, Twitter for faster and broader interactions. Both have important roles in supporting community building, mentoring, and learning and teaching. The Framework of Communication in Science was a useful tool in studying these two SCTs in this domain. The results should encourage science administrators to facilitate SCT use of scientists in their organization and information providers to search SCT documents as an important source of information.

Physical activity assessment in the general population; instrumental methods and new technologies.

La medición objetiva del movimiento humano y la cuantificación del gasto energético debido a la actividad física es una necesidad identificada tanto en investigación como en clínica. Los métodos de referencia validados y bien definidos (el agua doblemente marcada, la calorimetría directa, la calorimetría indirecta) son caros y prácticamente se limitan a la investigación en el laboratorio. Por lo tanto, en los últimos años, se han desarrollado diferentes dispositivos de medición objetiva que son apropiados para los estudios de campo y clínicos. No hay ningún estándar de oro entre ellos, ya que todos tienen limitaciones. Los podómetros son ligeros, poco costosos, cuentan los pasos y aportan información sobre la actividad física total, pero no sobre el comportamiento y los patrones de actividad física. Los acelerómetros son caros, aportan información sobre patrón, frecuencia e intensidad de la actividad física, pero no sobre el tipo de actividad física. Los podómetros y acelerómetros únicamente recogen información sobre el movimiento del movimiento corporal, pero la validez en la estimación del gasto energético es limitada. La monitorización de la frecuencia cardíaca relaciona intensidad del ejercicio con gasto de energía, pero no aporta información sobre la actividad física. Los dispositivos GPS son portátiles, relativamente asequibles, no invasivos y recogen distancia, velocidad y elevación con hora y lugar exactos, pero quizás estén limitados para la evaluación de movimientos cortos de alta intensidad y elevado gasto energético. Los dispositivos de última generación combinan acelerometría con la medición de variables fisiológicas, comparten las ventajas de los dispositivos individuales y son más precisos. Para el cálculo del gasto energético se aplican algoritmos específicos de la actividad incluidos en el software del fabricante que pueden afectar a los resultados. La mayoría de los dispositivos estiman con mayor precisión el gasto energético a intensidades ligeras y moderadas, pero subestiman el gasto a intensidades muy ligeras y de mayor intensidad.