Sähkökäyttöjen kaapelivärähtelyt

Taajuudenmuuttajan kytkennän synnyttämä nopea jännitemuutos aiheuttaa pitkään moottorikaapeliin sähköisen värähtelyilmiön. Ilmiö on tullut erityisesti esille uusien nopeasti kytkevien puolijohdetehokytkimien ilmestyttyä markkinoille. Taajuudenmuuttajan lähtöön asennettu jännitteen nousunopeutta rajoittava suodin vähentää kaapelivärähtelyä, mutta riittävän pitkässä kaapelissa värähtely on voimakasta lähtösuotimesta huolimatta. Kaapelivärähtelyilmiön seurauksena moottorikaapelin taajuudenmuuttajan puoleiseen päähän syntyy voimakas virtavärähtely ja moottorin puoleiseen päähän voimakas jännitevärähtely. Sähkökäyttöjen vektorisäätöalgoritmit tekevät ohjauspäätöksiä moottorikaapelin taajuudenmuuttajan päästä tehtyjen virtamittausten perusteella. Säädön päätösväli on niin lyhyt, että kaapelin virtavärähtely ehtii häiritä säädön toimintaa. Tässä työssä on esitetty kaapelivärähtelyä kuvaava taajuudenmuuttajan lähtösuotimen huomioon ottava siirtofunktioperustainen matemaattinen malli. Mallin avulla kaapelivärähtelyilmiötä voi analysoida lineaarisen säätöteorian menetelmillä. Virtavärähtelyn moottorisäätöön tuomiin ongelmiin ratkaisuksi on esitetty virran mittasignaalin käsittelemistä analogisella ja digitaalisella suotimella. Simulointitulosten perusteella ratkaisua voidaan pitää toimivana. Lopuksi esitetään, kuinka avaruusvektoriteorian mukaista induktiomoottorimallia ja kaapelivärähtelymallia voidaan simuloida yhdessä.

EGPRS-muutokset matkapuhelimen fyysiselle signalointiprotokollatasolle

Tässä työssä käsitellään muutoksia, joita EGPRS-standardi aiheuttaa matkapuhelimen fyysiselle signalointiprotokollatasolle. EGPRS on laajennus normaaliin GPRS-verkkoon ja se mahdollistaa yhteistoiminnan Yhdysvalloissa käytetyn TDMA-matkapuhelinstandardin kanssa. EGPRS-puhelimessa puhelut hoidetaan TDMA-verkon kautta ja datan siirto GPRS-verkon kautta. EGPRS operoi GSM850 ja GSM1900 taajuusalueilla. EGPRS:n merkittävimpiä uusia ominaisuuksia ovat modulointimenetelmä EDGE ja kompaktit kontrollikanavat. Uudella modulointimenetelmällä saavutetaan kolminkertainen tiedonsiirtonopeus vanhaan modulointimenetelmään verrattuna. Kompaktien kontrollikanavien avulla voidaan tukiaseman taajuuskaistan tarvetta pienentää huomattavasti. Tukiasema voi käyttää vanhaa ja uutta modulointimenetelmää yhtä aikaa. EGPRS-verkko voi sisältää sekä kompakteja että normaaleja tukiasemia.

Head-to-Head Comparison of Poxvirus NYVAC and ALVAC Vectors Expressing Identical HIV-1 Clade C Immunogens in Prime-Boost Combination with Env Protein in Nonhuman Primates.

UNLABELLED: We compared the HIV-1-specific cellular and humoral immune responses elicited in rhesus macaques immunized with two poxvirus vectors (NYVAC and ALVAC) expressing the same HIV-1 antigens from clade C, Env gp140 as a trimeric cell-released protein and a Gag-Pol-Nef polyprotein as Gag-induced virus-like particles (VLPs) (referred to as NYVAC-C and ALVAC-C). The immunization protocol consisted of two doses of the corresponding poxvirus vector plus two doses of a combination of the poxvirus vector and a purified HIV-1 gp120 protein from clade C. This immunogenicity profile was also compared to that elicited by vaccine regimens consisting of two doses of the ALVAC vector expressing HIV-1 antigens from clades B/E (ALVAC-vCP1521) plus two doses of a combination of ALVAC-vCP1521 and HIV-1 gp120 protein from clades B/E (similar to the RV144 trial regimen) or clade C. The results showed that immunization of macaques with NYVAC-C stimulated at different times more potent HIV-1-specific CD4(+) T-cell responses and induced a trend toward higher-magnitude HIV-1-specific CD8(+) T-cell immune responses than did ALVAC-C. Furthermore, NYVAC-C induced a trend toward higher levels of binding IgG antibodies against clade C HIV-1 gp140, gp120, or murine leukemia virus (MuLV) gp70-scaffolded V1/V2 and toward best cross-clade-binding IgG responses against HIV-1 gp140 from clades A, B, and group M consensus, than did ALVAC-C. Of the linear binding IgG responses, most were directed against the V3 loop in all immunization groups. Additionally, NYVAC-C and ALVAC-C also induced similar levels of HIV-1-neutralizing antibodies and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses. Interestingly, binding IgA antibody levels against HIV-1 gp120 or MuLV gp70-scaffolded V1/V2 were absent or very low in all immunization groups. Overall, these results provide a comprehensive survey of the immunogenicity of NYVAC versus ALVAC expressing HIV-1 antigens in nonhuman primates and indicate that NYVAC may represent an alternative candidate to ALVAC in the development of a future HIV-1 vaccine. IMPORTANCE: The finding of a safe and effective HIV/AIDS vaccine immunogen is one of the main research priorities. Here, we generated two poxvirus-based HIV vaccine candidates (NYVAC and ALVAC vectors) expressing the same clade C HIV-1 antigens in separate vectors, and we analyzed in nonhuman primates their immunogenicity profiles. The results showed that immunization with NYVAC-C induced a trend toward higher HIV-1-specific cellular and humoral immune responses than did ALVAC-C, indicating that this new NYVAC vector could be a novel optimized HIV/AIDS vaccine candidate for human clinical trials.

Analytic evaluation of three-phase short circuit demagnetization and hysteresis loss risk in rotor-surface-magnet Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Machines

Permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) have become widely used in applications because of high efficiency compared to synchronous machines with exciting winding or to induction motors. This feature of PMSM is achieved through the using the permanent magnets (PM) as the main excitation source. The magnetic properties of the PM have significant influence on all the PMSM characteristics. Recent observations of the PM material properties when used in rotating machines revealed that in all PMSMs the magnets do not necessarily operate in the second quadrant of the demagnetization curve which makes the magnets prone to hysteresis losses. Moreover, still no good analytical approach has not been derived for the magnetic flux density distribution along the PM during the different short circuits faults. The main task of this thesis is to derive simple analytical tool which can predict magnetic flux density distribution along the rotor-surface mounted PM in two cases: during normal operating mode and in the worst moment of time from the PM’s point of view of the three phase symmetrical short circuit. The surface mounted PMSMs were selected because of their prevalence and relatively simple construction. The proposed model is based on the combination of two theories: the theory of the magnetic circuit and space vector theory. The comparison of the results in case of the normal operating mode obtained from finite element software with the results calculated with the proposed model shows good accuracy of model in the parts of the PM which are most of all prone to hysteresis losses. The comparison of the results for three phase symmetrical short circuit revealed significant inaccuracy of the proposed model compared with results from finite element software. The analysis of the inaccuracy reasons was provided. The impact on the model of the Carter factor theory and assumption that air have permeability of the PM were analyzed. The propositions for the further model development are presented.

Développement de procédés efficaces pour la construction et la production de vecteurs adénoviraux

L’adénovirus possède plusieurs caractéristiques faisant de ce virus un candidat de choix pour la construction de vecteurs utiles dans les études de génomique fonctionnelle. Dans la majorité de ces applications, on a recours à un vecteur adénoviral de première génération délété de sa région E1. L’utilisation de vecteurs adénoviraux comprend deux maillons faibles : la construction du vecteur et la production subséquente de ce dernier. Le développement de méthodes alternatives est donc nécessaire pour renforcer ces deux maillons, permettant ainsi une utilisation étendue de ces vecteurs. Ce développement va s’articuler sur deux axes : l’ingénierie du vecteur de transfert pour la construction de l’adénovirus recombinant et l’ingénierie d’une lignée cellulaire pour la production du vecteur. En utilisant un vecteur de transfert adénoviral co-exprimant, à partir d’un promoteur régulable à la tétracycline, la protéase de l’adénovirus et une protéine de fluorescence verte (GFP) par l’intermédiaire d’un site d’entrée ribosomal interne (IRES), notre groupe a établi que la sélection positive, via l’expression ectopique de la protéase, est un processus efficace pour la création de librairie d’adénovirus recombinants. Par contre, la diversité atteinte dans ce premier système est relativement faible, environ 1 adénovirus recombinant par 1 000 cellules. Le travail effectué dans le cadre de cette thèse vise à construire un nouveau transfert de vecteur dans lequel l’expression de la protéase sera indépendante de celle du transgène permettant ainsi d’optimiser l’expression de la protéase. Ce travail d’optimisation a permis de réduire le phénomène de transcomplémentation du virus parental ce qui a fait grimper la diversité à 1 virus recombinant par 75 cellules. Ce système a été mis à l’épreuve en générerant une librairie adénovirale antisens dirigée contre la GFP. La diversité de cette librairie a été suffisante pour sélectionner un antisens réduisant de 75% l’expression de la GFP. L’amplification de ce vecteur adénoviral de première génération doit se faire dans une lignée cellulaire exprimant la région E1 telle que les cellules 293. Par contre, un adénovirus de première génération se répliquant dans les cellules 293 peut échanger, par recombinaison homologue, son transgène avec la région E1 de la cellule créant ainsi un adénovirus recombinant réplicatif (RCA), compromettant ainsi la pureté des stocks. Notre groupe a déjà breveté une lignée cellulaire A549 (BMAdE1) exprimant la région E1, mais qui ne peut pas recombiner avec le transgène du virus. Par contre, le niveau de réplication de l’adénovirus dans les BMAdE1 est sous-optimal, à peine 15-30% du niveau obtenu dans les cellules 293. Le travail fait dans le cadre de cette thèse a permis de mettre en évidence qu’une expression insuffisante d’E1B-55K était responsable de la mauvaise réplication du virus dans les BMAdE1. Nous avons produit de nouveaux clones à partir de la lignée parentale via une transduction avec un vecteur lentiviral exprimant E1B-55K. Nous avons confirmé que certains clones exprimaient une plus grande quantité d’E1B-55K et que ces clones amplifiaient de manière plus efficace un vecteur adénoviral de première génération. Ce clone a par la suite été adapté à la culture en suspension sans sérum.

Programa de introducción a la investigación y al desarrollo de las destrezas comunicativas (hablar y escribir correctamente): aplicación, desarrollo y resultados

Ante el nuevo reto que supone la adaptación al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior (EEES) con una acción política que propone introducir importantes modificaciones en la concepción del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje entre las que se encuentran el replanteamiento del papel del profesor y del alumno, y el proceder metodológico en la acción docente, todos los agentes educativos deben aunar esfuerzos para articular medidas que posibiliten la adaptación a este nuevo escenario de manera óptima. Las universidades están ofreciendo a los docentes herramientas que puedan facilitar el acceso a los procesos de innovación educativa que exige el nuevo espacio de formación. En este marco es donde nace el proyecto titulado 'Programa de Introducción a la Investigación y al Desarrollo de las Destrezas Comunicativas (hablar y escribir correctamente)' que, valiéndose de los recursos tecnológicos que nos ofrece el Servicio de Innovación Educativa de la Universidad de Málaga, busca mejorar las competencias de expresión oral y escrita de los alumnos, así como la capacidad para organizar sus trabajos de investigación de manera rigurosa y ordenada, siguiendo una secuenciación razonada y científica. En la presente comunicación se detallan los objetivos del proyecto, la descripción del mismo, el modo de proceder en su desarrollo, las partes de las que ha constado y las conclusiones a las que se ha llegado

Classification of sags according to their origin based on the waveform similarity

A statistical method for classification of sags their origin downstream or upstream from the recording point is proposed in this work. The goal is to obtain a statistical model using the sag waveforms useful to characterise one type of sags and to discriminate them from the other type. This model is built on the basis of multi-way principal component analysis an later used to project the available registers in a new space with lower dimension. Thus, a case base of diagnosed sags is built in the projection space. Finally classification is done by comparing new sags against the existing in the case base. Similarity is defined in the projection space using a combination of distances to recover the nearest neighbours to the new sag. Finally the method assigns the origin of the new sag according to the origin of their neighbours

La tecnología del hidrógeno, una oportunidad estratégica para la perdurabilidad del sector energético en Colombia

El incremento de la actividad humana en el último siglo y el desarrollo de tecnologías ligadas con el petróleo como vector energético, han generado efectos medioambientales adversos que aunados con las limitadas reservas mundiales de crudo y su estrecha relación con el crecimiento económico mundial ha generado presiones economías, políticas y sociales en todos los países. Esta situación ha dinamizado la investigación y desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías basadas en el hidrogeno como un nuevo vector energético tecnológicamente compatible que permita la portabilidad de energía con el menor impacto ambiental y económico a la luz de la prospectiva de consumo y la perdurabilidad energética. Este trabajo identifica las experiencias más relevantes respecto a la tecnología del hidrogeno a nivel mundial con el fin de consolidar un plan estratégico para la incorporación del hidrógeno como vector energético al portafolio productivo colombiano mediante la aplicación de un modelo que permite el análisis del nivel de integración de los sectores educativo, empresarial y gubernamental, teniendo como base los resultados del análisis estructural y análisis de actores.

Análisis de la relación entre los componentes: urbano y económico del proyecto 22@Barcelona

Generalmente las intervenciones urbanas son sectoriales y carecen de un enfoque transversal, lo que dificulta el ejercicio de la planificación y la gestión, y afecta negativamente la construcción de una visión de ciudad de largo plazo. Es por ello que esta monografía busca establecer la importancia de diseñar y ejecutar intervenciones urbanas estratégicas, por medio del análisis de un proyecto. El proyecto 22@Barcelona es un ejemplo de una intervención urbana estratégica porque logra, entre otras cosas, dar respuesta a distintas necesidades y problemáticas a través de una propuesta: urbana, económica y social. En esta ocasión se analizará la relación entre los componentes: económico y urbano del proyecto, a la luz de los postulados de la Planeación Estratégica Urbana; lo que permitirá concluir que éste no es ni un proyecto urbano, ni económico, sino ambas cosas, y es precisamente esto lo que lo hace loable.

Simplification, approximation and deformation of large models

The high level of realism and interaction in many computer graphic applications requires techniques for processing complex geometric models. First, we present a method that provides an accurate low-resolution approximation from a multi-chart textured model that guarantees geometric fidelity and correct preservation of the appearance attributes. Then, we introduce a mesh structure called Compact Model that approximates dense triangular meshes while preserving sharp features, allowing adaptive reconstructions and supporting textured models. Next, we design a new space deformation technique called *Cages based on a multi-level system of cages that preserves the smoothness of the mesh between neighbouring cages and is extremely versatile, allowing the use of heterogeneous sets of coordinates and different levels of deformation. Finally, we propose a hybrid method that allows to apply any deformation technique on large models obtaining high quality results with a reduced memory footprint and a high performance.

Blogosfera, estratégias de subversão e o campo da comunicação no Brasil: uma análise do Movimento dos Blogueiros Progressistas sob uma perspectiva de estudos organizacionais

O campo da comunicação tem passado por um processo de intensas mudanças no que tange ao modo como a notícia é produzida, distribuída e consumida em seus diversos segmentos. Tal fenômeno está ligado, principalmente, a mudanças de ordem tecnológica que têm possibilitado novas alternativas de se produzir e comercializar a noticia e que fogem ao modelo estabelecido pelas organizações dominantes nesse espaço. A Internet, além de ter modificado o processo tradicional de produção, comercialização e distribuição da informação praticado pelas corporações de mídia, possibilitou também que diferentes grupos da sociedade civil pudessem expressar-se de maneira mais livre. Nesse sentido, graças à utilização das novas tecnologias de informação e comunicação por parte de tais grupos, viu-se o surgimento, no campo da comunicação no Brasil, de um conjunto de blogs políticos que possui como principal intuito desafiar o poder da mídia tradicional e também o de permitir a difusão de pontos de vista políticos distintos aos das organizações mainstream. Tal espaço é aqui denominado como uma blogosfera política alternativa. Dentre os diversos grupos de agentes que ingressaram no campo da comunicação nos últimos tempos, pode-se mencionar um movimento organizado específico que ganhou visibilidade nos últimos anos tanto por sua atuação política, como por seu engajamento na discussão sobre a democratização da mídia no Brasil: o Movimento dos Blogueiros Progressistas (BlogProg). O BlogProg, que é composto por jornalistas egressos de grandes organizações de mídia tradicional, jornalistas ligados a veículos de mídia alternativa e militantes políticos vinculados a partidos de esquerda, foi responsável pela realização de diversos encontros nacionais em que foram feitas diversas reivindicações em prol da formulação de políticas públicas que garantissem a democratização do campo da comunicação no Brasil e que incentivassem a própria blogosfera. Nesse sentido, a presente tese possui como objetivo analisar de que maneira a gênese e a consolidação de uma blogosfera política alternativa possibilitou, sobretudo a partir da criação do Movimento de Blogueiros Progressistas (BlogProg), o surgimento de estratégias de subversão por parte de diferentes agentes pertencentes ao campo da comunicação no Brasil. Procura-se realizar uma articulação entre a teoria sociológica de campo social desenvolvida pelo sociólogo francês Pierre Bourdieu, e a perspectiva de ativismo de mídia advinda dos campos dos estudos de mídia e comunicação e da sociologia, especialmente aquela desenvolvida por autores como Carroll e Hackett (2006) e Hackett (2008). Para que o objetivo deste trabalho pudesse ser atingido, optou-se por coletar diferentes tipos de dados que pudessem ser contrapostos e que permitissem uma maior profundidade no que tange à analise dos elementos aqui sob investigação. Assim, foram coletados dados provenientes de treze blogs vinculados ao movimento BlogProg. Também, foram coletados dados provenientes de observação participante nos principais eventos promovidos pelos agentes que compõem o movimento. Por fim, foram entrevistados dezoito pessoas, dentre blogueiros e ativistas digitais que possuem algum tipo de relação com o movimento aqui analisado. Como resultado foi possível verificar que este novo movimento social faz uso de diferentes micro e macro estratégias de subversão não só para que seja possível desafiar as organizações dominantes vinculadas aos meios de comunicação tradicionais, mas também para modificar as regras dominantes e a ordem estabelecida no campo da comunicação. Entretanto, evidenciou-se que as estratégias de subversão, ainda que sejam orientadas por um desejo de promover transformações revolucionárias no campo por meio da defesa de práticas opostas às práticas dominantes, ainda assim muitas vezes são obrigadas a incorporar algumas práticas ou elementos que também estão presentes nestas últimas, o que está relacionado à força do habitus dos agentes que exercem mais peso no movimento e também pela necessidade do movimento continuar a disputar o jogo em questão. Espera-se que a pesquisa aqui proposta contribua para os estudos sobre as organizações e o elemento poder presente em toda a sua rede de relações sociais. Tais estudos, de acordo com Faria (2003), deve ser capaz de revelar não apenas o que é manifesto e que somos capazes de ver facilmente, mas também o que não pode ser expresso, o que jaz oculto.

Retratos do cotidiano: as mulheres do assentamento rural Santa Vitória

The present work shows trajectories of life of seated women agricultural, with the objective to apprehend on aspects to the experience of its sexuality. The daily one of the seated woman is constructed in a new space, called agricultural nesting whose formation if presents with proper singularity to a social and economic context and politician of the Great River of the North. Its passages of life are permeaty by different violences suffered in its daily one and its sexuality is weaveeed by a set of rules that the naturalization of the subordination of the woman in relation to the man keeps. The societies use the systems of the relations between men and women and transform the biological characteristic into activities human beings

Modos de ser e modos de viver : a trajetória dos estrangeiros em Natal/RN

This work aims to understand the trajectory of immigrants living in Natal / RN, between the years 1990 and 2009, their motivations for this change, their sociability relations, as well as the impact of this group in Natal and specifically, in the district of Ponta Negra, where most of them established their residences or work. Considering that the historical, political, economical and social environment where these immigrants are inserted, are different from that experienced by former immigrants who came to Brazil in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a period of mass migration, it was revealed that immigration studied in contemporary Natal constitutes a new configuration (Elias, 1994). This new configuration is represented by several characteristics that distinguish this contemporary immigration, as: the relationship established by these foreigners, both with their country of origin and the destination, the formation of social networks that offer support to newcomers and those already installed, the relations of sociability with locals and a new relationship of belonging with the space, since the possibility of coming and going from one country to the other, allows a (re)production of their original ?? social and economic life in the new space. The research methodology was based on the analysis of narrative interviews, in light of the theory of Schütze (1977) in order to understand the faces of this immigration. As theoretical support for the data analysis the theories of authors such as Norbert Elias, presentedin his work about the established and outsiders, Pierre Bourdieu, and his concept of habitus, distinction and style of life, Georg Simmel, and his study of life in the metropolis, his analysis of the foreigner and his theory of sociability, among others. This study attempted to give visibility to foreigners living in Natal, who experience the dynamics of the district of Ponta Negra and reconstruct their daily relations of sociability in this space. In fact, the presence of foreigners in this urban context allows for the construction of new configurations, both in terms of the physical space of the neighborhood, which has been modified by the touristification process and the real estate market, which is molded to meet this demand, but also in their social sphere, with regard to the relations established between foreign residents and locals. In seeking to characterize these migratory experiences it could be understood that the trajectories of each foreigner is part of a broader social structure, which cannot be evaluated neither disconnected from the contexts in which they operate, nor under a single point of view

A Poética do corpo no mito e na dança butô: por uma educação sensível

The thesis presents the body poetry and its inscribing in the myth and Butô dance. The argumentation highlights the sensitive dimension present in these itineraries, as a possibility to operate the emergency of knowing inscribed in the body, bringing a kind of rationality that links the fragments, that allows the knowing to break through the barriers of disciplinary isolation, that abandons the certainties and goes through the ways of creation and that gives the body new space and time, featuring epistemological elements, ethical and esthetical, that can permit a sensitive education. All along the way, we comprehend by sensitive education, a education that considers the relinking of logical, analogical, symbolic and artistic knowledge and therefore reconsiders the own act of knowing as a continuous and inconcluded process. That sensitive education is also understood as retaking the body experience, its sensitive nature, as well as being meaningful to reading the world. It includes the body memory, its history and creativity, opening it to innovation, change, sense amplification and dialogue with other bodies and world, because it is within them. It is about an investigation of phenomenologic nature, that dialogues philosophy and art, pointing breakdowns of this reflection foe the body and education studies. We find it necessary to notice the body language, that allows one to think through movements, articulate a thought that is risen from articulations, guts and all the body. This incarnated reason starts the expressive body action, that makes us move to mean, communicate, inaugurate senses. Among these senses, we present a possibility of approach of the elements of Butô dance teaching and physical education, as ways of sensitive education showings of body poetry

Direito e etnoconservação: estudo da participação na gestão ambiental da RDS Estadual Ponta do Tubarão - RN

Given the prediction of the Federal Constitution of 1988 about the need to establish some areas to be especially protected, it was published the Law No. 9.985/00, which established the National System of Conservation Units. Several aspects make these units differ from one another, one of them being the possibility of presence of even traditional human populations inside the area to be protected. In case of allowing these people to continue in the area, it still must be provided their participation in the management of the new space. Management councils show up, then, as a specific way of social and political participation. This way, from an overview of legal norms and the doctrine that are relevant to the topic, It is aimed to make a legal and theoretical survey about the process of traditional populations permanence inside Conservation Units, with aspects linked to ethnoconservation and, therefore, to participation in environmental management of these specially protected spaces