Estudio comparativo de conocimientos y percepciones ambientales sobre la Reserva de la Biosfera de Sian Ka'an entre estudiantes de primaria de comunidades maya, México

El estudio analiza y compara las percepciones y conocimientos ambientales que estudiantes de primaria del municipio maya de Felipe Carrillo Puerto tienen sobre la vecina Reserva de la Biósfera de Sian Ka’an (RBSK) en términos de biodiversidad, con el fin de evaluar y elaborar programas de Educación Ambiental (EA) dirigidos a promover la protección de este espacio natural. Se analizan dibujos, cuestionarios y encuestas recogidos en tres comunidades maya que difieren en su proximidad a la RBSK y en su nivel de urbanización. Los resultados indican que los niños en general desconocen la RBSK y la biodiversidad de la zona. Para aumentar el conocimiento ambiental de los alumnos se propone potenciar el conocimiento vivencial, mantener la lengua y cultura maya y el contacto de ésta con la naturaleza y potenciar la afinidad del maestro por la temática ambiental y por la RBSK.

Steering Committee on Technical Education Report to the Minister for Education on Regional Technical Colleges

This Committee was established on 20 September 1966 to advise the Minister for Education generally on technical education in Ireland and, in particular, to provide the Department of Education Building Consortium with a brief for the technical colleges. This report from the Committee addresses the following aspects: the need/demand for technicians and skilled personnel; the role of the regional technical colleges; analysis of courses and student population; recruitment and training of teachers; organisation structure; accommodation needs (in the colleges, and residential requirements); growth and flexibility; and cost and time. Recommendations are made in relation to: the building program; the establishment of a Building Project Unit to be accountable for all school and college building work for the Department of Education; the establishment of Regional Education Councils with accountability for all education in each of the regions; and the establishment of a National Council for Educational Awards.

Multilateralismo y minilateralismo en el orden regional de Asia oriental : un análisis de las conversaciones a seis bandas

Esta memoria parte del estudio de la teoría de las Relaciones Internacionales, seguido de un análisis del regionalismo en el Este asiático, así como del multilateralismo y del minilateralismo como modus operandi en las relaciones internacionales y su desarrollo específico en el Noreste asiático, o Asia oriental. Todo ello se ha examinado con el fin de poder aprehender la dinámica internacional de la segunda crisis nuclear con Corea del Norte, así como proveer con un mayor entendimiento sobre las conversaciones a seis bandas (6PT), como ejemplo de foro de negociación minilateral creado ad hoc con el fin de buscar una solución al problema norcoreano. Hemos procedido al examen del pensamiento estratégico de los diferentes países que conforman las 6PT, así como al estudio de los intereses, acuerdos y desacuerdos de cada uno de ellos en la mesa de negociaciones con el objetivo de intentar comprender el porqué de su aparente fracaso a la hora de solucionar dicha crisis nuclear. Finalmente, hemos procedido a un estudio de la comunidad del Noreste asiático y del marco de seguridad existente en la región, así como de las perspectivas para la institucionalización de las conversaciones a seis bandas para poder comprender si, desarrollado como organización multilateral, este foro podría favorecer la estabilidad en la región, la cooperación regional y con ello una mayor integración.

Geomorphological method in the elaboration of hazard maps for flash-floods in the municipality of Jucuarán (El Salvador)

This work deals with the elaboration of flood hazard maps. These maps reflect the areas prone to floods based on the effects of Hurricane Mitch in the Municipality of Jucuarán of El Salvador. Stream channels located in the coastal range in the SE of El Salvador flow into the Pacific Ocean and generate alluvial fans. Communities often inhabit these fans can be affected by floods. The geomorphology of these stream basins is associated with small areas, steep slopes, well developed regolite and extensive deforestation. These features play a key role in the generation of flash-floods. This zone lacks comprehensive rainfall data and gauging stations. The most detailed topographic maps are on a scale of 1:25 000. Given that the scale was not sufficiently detailed, we used aerial photographs enlarged to the scale of 1:8000. The effects of Hurricane Mitch mapped on these photographs were regarded as the reference event. Flood maps have a dual purpose (1) community emergency plans, (2) regional land use planning carried out by local authorities. The geomorphological method is based on mapping the geomorphological evidence (alluvial fans, preferential stream channels, erosion and sedimentation, man-made terraces). Following the interpretation of the photographs this information was validated on the field and complemented by eyewitness reports such as the height of water and flow typology. In addition, community workshops were organized to obtain information about the evolution and the impact of the phenomena. The superimposition of this information enables us to obtain a comprehensive geomorphological map. Another aim of the study was the calculation of the peak discharge using the Manning and the paleohydraulic methods and estimates based on geomorphologic criterion. The results were compared with those obtained using the rational method. Significant differences in the order of magnitude of the calculated discharges were noted. The rational method underestimated the results owing to short and discontinuous periods of rainfall data with the result that probabilistic equations cannot be applied. The Manning method yields a wide range of results because of its dependence on the roughness coefficient. The paleohydraulic method yielded higher values than the rational and Manning methods. However, it should be pointed out that it is possible that bigger boulders could have been moved had they existed. These discharge values are lower than those obtained by the geomorphological estimates, i.e. much closer to reality. The flood hazard maps were derived from the comprehensive geomorphological map. Three categories of hazard were established (very high, high and moderate) using flood energy, water height and velocity flow deduced from geomorphological and eyewitness reports.

Product Line Profitability- Case Halton Indoors

Diplomityön tavoitteena on rakentaa malli kohdeyrityksen yhden strategisen liiketoimintayksikön tuoteryhmänkohtaisten kannattavuuksien selvittämiseksi yli kokotoimitusketjun. Työssä on keskitytty vain välillisiin kustannuksiin ja välittömien kustannusten osalta on luotettu toiminnanohjausjärjestelmän antamiin tietoihin. Työn lähtökohtana ja teoreettisena viitekehikkona on toimintoperustainen kustannuslaskenta, jonka periaatteita noudattaen kannattavuusmalli rakennettiin. Mallin periaatteet on esitetty työssä mutta sen tuottamia tuloksia ei ole syvemmin analysoitu. Ongelma osoittautui haasteelliseksi ja tulosten verifiointi lähes mahdottomaksi käytettyjen subjektiivisten arvioiden ja ennalta odottamattomien välittömien tuotekustannusten suurten virheiden vuoksi. Työn johtopäätöksissä keskitytään sisäisen laskentatoimen kulttuurin kehittämiseen tuotekustannuslaskennan ja yleisen kustannusvalvonnan näkökulmasta kohdeyrityksessä.

Regional Innovation Policy: Effect on SMEs in Five EU-Regions

Valtaosa eurooppalaisista yrityksistä on pk-yrityksiä, mutta tästä huolimatta seudullisen innovaatiopolitiikan vaikutusta juuri pk-yrityksiin on tutkittu melko vähän. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on luoda yleiskuva pk-yritysten näkemykseen oman seutunsa innovaatiopolitiikasta viidellä EU:n alueella sijaitsevalla seudulla. Kirjallisuuden perusteella rakennettiin seudullista innovaatiopolitiikkaa kuvaava kysely, johon joukko pk-yrityksiä viideltä seudulta vastasi. Kyselyn tulokset kuvailtiin graafisesti, minkä lisäksi etsittiin vastauksiin vaikuttaneita tekijöitä ja yhteyksiä yritysten vastausten välillä. Tutkimus oli luonteeltaan lähinnä kvantitatiivinen. Tutkimus osoittaa, että seudullisessainnovaatiopolitiikassa on vielä paljon kehitettävää, jotta se tavoittaisi kattavasti pk-yritykset. Pk-yritysten tietoisuutta tulisi lisätä, sillä nämä eivät yleisesti ottaen näytä pitävän seudullista innovaatiopolitiikkaa menetykseen vaikuttavana tekijänä tai siihen liittyviä yhteistyömahdollisuuksia tärkeinä omalle toiminnalleen. Erot innovaatiotoiminnan seudullisessa roolissa tulivat esiin tuloksissa. Yritysten vastauksia selittäviä tekijöitä löydettiin, samoin yhteyksiä vastausten välillä, mutta varsinaisten johtopäätösten tekeminen edellyttänee laajempaa tutkimusta

Regional Data Transmission Network

The globalization and development of an information society promptly change shape of the modern world. Cities and especially megacities including Saint-Petersburg are in the center of occuring changes. As a result of these changes the economic activities connected to reception and processing of the information now play very important role in economy of megacities what allows to characterize them as "information". Despite of wide experience in decision of information questions Russia, and in particular Saint-Petersburg, lag behind in development of information systems from the advanced European countries. The given master's thesis is devoted to development of an information system (data transmission network) on the basis of wireless technology in territory of Saint-Petersburg region within the framework of FTOP "Electronic Russia" and RTOP "Electronic Saint-Petersburg" programs. Logically the master's thesis can be divided into 3 parts: 1. The problems, purposes, expected results, terms and implementation of the "Electronic Russia" program. 2. Discussion about wireless data transmission networks (description of technology, substantiation of choice, description of signal's transmission techniques and types of network topology). 3. Fulfillment of the network (organization of central network node, regional centers, access lines, description of used equipment, network's capabilities), financial provision of the project, possible network management models.

Kankaanpään yhdyskuntalietteestä tehdyn kompostituotteen hyödyntämismahdollisuudet ja niiden taloudellisuus

Tämän diplomityön tarkoituksena on etsiä Kankaanpään yhdyskuntalietteestä kompostoidulle tuotteelle hyödyntämis- ja myyntimahdollisuuksia, joilla saataisiin lietteen käsittely kannattavaksi toiminnaksi. Työssä tarkastellaan eri hyödyntämisvaihtoehtojen sopivuutta Kankaanpäähän ja lasketaan eri vaihtoehtojen kannattavuutta. Lisäksi tarkastellaan kompostituotteen hyödyntämistä koskevaa lainsäädäntöä ja kompostituotteen hyödyntämisen nykytilannetta. Työssä on tutkittu eri mahdollisuuksia, joita lietteestä valmistetun kompostin hyödyntämiselle on olemassa ja näiden asettamia vaatimuksia. Hieman on myös tutkittu kirjallisuudesta kehitteillä olevia uusia hyödyntämismahdollisuuksia sekä hyödyntämistä rajoittavia tekijöitä. Esimerkkilaitosten pohjalta on puolestaan tutustuttu käytännössä kompostituotteen tämän hetkiseen hyödyntämiseen ja toiminnan kaupalliseen puoleen. Kankaanpään kompostointilaitoksen mahdollisuuksiin on perehdytty tarkastelemalla Kankaanpään alueellisia seikkoja kuten elinkeinorakennetta, polttolaitoksia, tulossa olevia rakennuskohteita sekä naapurikuntien tilannetta. Näiden sekä kompostointilaitoksen tietojen pohjalta on lähdetty miettimään Kankaanpäälle sopivimpia hyödyntämisvaihtoehtoja ottaen huomioon myös tuotteen laatu. Vaihtoehdoille on laskettu kustannuksia laitokselle tarvittavien uudistusten ja muutosten mukaan ja niiden sekä oletettujen markkinanäkymien pohjalta on koottu kassavirtalaskelmia. Näiden laskelmien pohjalta on saatu Kankaanpäälle sopivimmiksi vaihtoehdoiksi koko kompostimäärän myynti irtotuotteena viherrakennukseen maanparannusaineena tai valmiina kasvualustana tai vaihtoehtoisesti osan tuotteesta pussittaminen kasvualustana tai rakeistettuna ja lopun kompostin myynti irtotuotteena viherrakennukseen. Tuotteen arvoa voidaan nostaa hyvän palvelun kautta eli esimerkiksi tarjoamalla kuljetusta kompostille, laajalla tuotevalikoimalla ja tuotteen korkealla laadulla.

Kunnallisen tai seudullisen toimitilahallinnon yhtiöittämisen edut ja haitat

Tutkimuksen aihe liittyy kunnallisten toimitilojen yhtiöittämiskysymykseen, joka on ollut esillä monissa kunnissa useita vuosia ja laajentunut nyt seudulliseksi. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena on tarkastella, mitä hyötyä tai haittaa kunnallisen tai seudullisen toimitilahallinnosta vastaavan yksikön yhtiöittämisestä olisi. Parantaakseen tuottavuutta kunta voi järjestää toimintansa perinteisen kunnallisen organisoinnin sijaan liikelaitoksena tai osakeyhtiönä silloin, kun toiminnan laatu on liiketoiminnan luonteista. Suurin osa kuntien toimitilakiinteistöistä toimii kuntien palvelutuotannon suoranaisena tuotantovälineenä. Kuntien välisen yhteistoiminnan lisääminen voidaan nähdä mahdollisuutena julkisella sektorilla. Sen lisääminen edesauttaa tuottavuuden kasvua ja mahdollistaa palvelujen jatkuvan kehittämisen. Yhtiöittäminen tuo toimintaan mukaan asioita, jotka varmasti tehostavat toimintaa, kuten päätöksenteon nopeutuminen, toiminnan joustavuus, joustava ja kilpailukykyinen henkilöstöhallinto sekä yhtiön toiminnan ja päätösten ei-julkisuus jne. Huonoja puolia yhtiöittämisessä on kuntien kiinteistömenojen mahdollinen nousu käyttötalouspuolella sekä se, että yhtiöllä olisi käytännössä vain muutama asiakas. Suomessa kuntien toimitilahallinto on todennäköisesti menossa kohti yhtiömallia. Vaihtoehtoina yhtiöittämiselle ovat siis liikelaitosmallin kehittäminen ja joissain tapauksissa keskinäinen kiinteistöyhtiömalli. Joka tapauksessa kuntien toimitilahallintoyksiköiden toimintaa ja toimintamallia pitää kehittää, jotta niiden tuottavuus kasvaa sekä toiminta säilyy kannattavana ja järkevänä. Ulkoisten tekijöiden vaikutus kuntien toimitilahallinnon toimintaan kasvaa koko ajan.

Regional potential for collaborative implementation of small CHP plants in bioenergy technology

This thesis is a preliminary study targeting South-Eastern Finland. The objective was to find out the financial and functional readiness and willingness of the small and medium-sized enterprises of the region to manufacture and sell distributed bioenergy solutions collaboratively as a business network. In this case these solutions mean small-scale (0.5 - 3 MW) woodchips-operated combined heat and power (CHP) plants. South-Eastern Finland has suffered from a decline in the recent years, mostly due to the problems of the traditionally strong industrial know-how area of the region, the paper industry. Local small and medium-sized companies will have to find new ways to survive the toughening competition. A group of 40 companies from suitable industries were selected and financial and comparative analysis was performed on them. Additionally 19 managing directors of the companies were selected for an interview to find out their views on networking, its requirements, advantages and the general interest in it. The studied companies were found to be generally in fairly good financial condition and in that sense, fit for networking activities. The interviews revealed that the companies were capable of producing all the needed elements for the plants in question, and the managers appeared to be very interested in and have a positive attitude towards such business networks. Thus it can be said that the small and medium-sized companies of the region are capable of and interested in manufacturing small bio-CHP plants as a production network.

Integrating eco-innovation principles into regional strategy and policy: case of Päijät-Häme region, Finland

This study focuses on the integration of eco-innovation principles into strategy and policy at the regional level. The importance of regions as a level for integrating eco-innovative programs and activities served as the point of interest for this study. Eco-innovative activities and technologies are seen as means to meet sustainable development objective of improving regions’ quality of life. This study is conducted to get an in-depth understanding and learning about eco-innovation at regional level, and to know the basic concepts that are important in integrating eco-innovation principles into regional policy. Other specific objectives of this study are to know how eco-innovation are developed and practiced in the regions of the EU, and to analyze the main characteristic features of an eco-innovation model that is specifically developed at Päijät-Häme Region in Finland. Paijät-Häme Region is noted for its successful eco-innovation strategies and programs, hence, taken as casework in this study. Both primary (interviews) and secondary data (publicly available documents) are utilized in this study. The study shows that eco-innovation plays an important role in regional strategy as reviewed based on the experience of other regions in the EU. This is because of its localized nature which makes it easier to facilitate in a regional setting. Since regional authorities and policy-makers are normally focused on solving its localized environmental problems, eco-innovation principles can easily be integrated into regional strategy. The case study highlights Päijät-Häme Region’s eco-innovation strategies and projects which are characterized by strong connection of knowledge-producing institutions. Policy instruments supporting eco-innovation (e.g. environmental technologies) are very much focused on clean technologies, hence, justifying the formation of cleantech clusters and business parks in Päijät-Häme Region. A newly conceptualized SAMPO model of eco-innovation has been developed in Päijät-Häme Region to better capture the region’s characteristics and to eventually replace the current model employed by the Päijät-Häme Regional Authority. The SAMPO model is still under construction, however, review of its principles points to some of its three important spearheads – practice-based innovation, design (eco-design) and clean technology or environmental technology (environment).

Spatial multicriteria decision analysis for the siting of on-shore wind power in Kemiönsaari

Wind power is a low-carbon energy production form that reduces the dependence of society on fossil fuels. Finland has adopted wind energy production into its climate change mitigation policy, and that has lead to changes in legislation, guidelines, regional wind power areas allocation and establishing a feed-in tariff. Wind power production has indeed boosted in Finland after two decades of relatively slow growth, for instance from 2010 to 2011 wind energy production increased with 64 %, but there is still a long way to the national goal of 6 TWh by 2020. This thesis introduces a GIS-based decision-support methodology for the preliminary identification of suitable areas for wind energy production including estimation of their level of risk. The goal of this study was to define the least risky places for wind energy development within Kemiönsaari municipality in Southwest Finland. Spatial multicriteria decision analysis (SMCDA) has been used for searching suitable wind power areas along with many other location-allocation problems. SMCDA scrutinizes complex ill-structured decision problems in GIS environment using constraints and evaluation criteria, which are aggregated using weighted linear combination (WLC). Weights for the evaluation criteria were acquired using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with nine expert interviews. Subsequently, feasible alternatives were ranked in order to provide a recommendation and finally, a sensitivity analysis was conducted for the determination of recommendation robustness. The first study aim was to scrutinize the suitability and necessity of existing data for this SMCDA study. Most of the available data sets were of sufficient resolution and quality. Input data necessity was evaluated qualitatively for each data set based on e.g. constraint coverage and attribute weights. Attribute quality was estimated mainly qualitatively by attribute comprehensiveness, operationality, measurability, completeness, decomposability, minimality and redundancy. The most significant quality issue was redundancy as interdependencies are not tolerated by WLC and AHP does not include measures to detect them. The third aim was to define the least risky areas for wind power development within the study area. The two highest ranking areas were Nordanå-Lövböle and Påvalsby followed by Helgeboda, Degerdal, Pungböle, Björkboda, and Östanå-Labböle. The fourth aim was to assess the recommendation reliability, and the top-ranking two areas proved robust whereas the other ones were more sensitive.

Flipped classroom technology from teachers’ perspective: implementation experience, barriers and perspectives

Blended learning approaches rise their popularity, however not all professors apply them and find them useful and appropriate. This research focuses on study of flipped classroom arrangement and effectiveness of this concept implementation. The Master’s Thesis explores impact of flipped classroom implementation on resource savings for proffesors. The research is based on the literature review of different education arrangements and results of their implementation, on the survey conducted among proffesors from different Universities and on two experiments of flipped classroom implementation. The results reveal advantages and disadvantages of the concept, professors’ attitude to it and possibility to future research and practice in this field

Childlessness in a child-centered environment : the experiences of voluntarily childless female teachers /

In the literature on voluntary childlessness there is a lack of research on the types of occupations held by women who choose not to mother and how their fertility choice influences their occupational experiences. At the same time, the experience ofwomen with regard to the childfree choice has not been adequately addressed in contemporary feminist literature. In the field of education, much has been written about the association between mothering and teaching. Thus, childfree teachers become particularly interesting since they made seemingly paradoxical choices in that they chose not to bear and rear children yet they chose an occupation in which they are surrounded by and responsible for the daily care of many children. To gain an understanding of the work-related experiences of childfree women, in-depth interviews were conducted with 7 voluntarily childless female elementary school teachers from Southern Ontario. In addition, a focus group interview in which 3 of the 7 childfree teachers participated was conducted. Findings revealed that these women's "choice" to be childless was the result of complex circumstances and multiple motivations. Also, despite their decision to forgo the traditional female role of mother, these women held surprisingly conventional beliefs with regard to family and gender roles. In addition, these childfree women at times identified themselves as mother-like when teaching, yet at other times distanced themselves as teachers from mothers. Finally, results showed that these women experienced both direct and indirect pronatalist pressures outside as well as inside the workplace as a result of their childfree status.

An investigation into the physical and psychological stress factors that elementary teachers experience : recommendations to boards and personal calming strategies /

The prlmaiy objective of this study was to Identify and describe the physical and psychological stress factors that elementary school teachers experience and how teachers cope with stress. A secondary objective was to offer boards and teachers potential coping strategies counteracting stress and the effects of stress. The sample consisted of 120 elementaiy teachers from southern Ontario. Ten elementaiy schools were randomly chosen. The Teacher Stress Inventory questionnaire (Flmian, 1989) was used. Data were analyzed using a variety of statistics. Test norms and interpretations were performed based on standard results obtained from the author of the questionnaire (Flmian, 1988). Overall, the results indicated that work-related stressors were the main factor for teacher stress. This Included such factors as caseload/class is too big, too much administrative paperwork, and having little time to prepare lessons. Implications for further research and practical suggestions for further reseairch are discussed. Also a variety of recommendations to boards and for individual use are discussed. Some recommendations are having counselling available for teachers, workshops on how to handle stress, and learning how to breathe and using calm visualization.