Ultra-high-resolution 3D imaging of atherosclerosis in mice with synchrotron differential phase contrast: a proof of concept study.

The goal of this study was to investigate the performance of 3D synchrotron differential phase contrast (DPC) imaging for the visualization of both macroscopic and microscopic aspects of atherosclerosis in the mouse vasculature ex vivo. The hearts and aortas of 2 atherosclerotic and 2 wild-type control mice were scanned with DPC imaging with an isotropic resolution of 15 μm. The coronary artery vessel walls were segmented in the DPC datasets to assess their thickness, and histological staining was performed at the level of atherosclerotic plaques. The DPC imaging allowed for the visualization of complex structures such as the coronary arteries and their branches, the thin fibrous cap of atherosclerotic plaques as well as the chordae tendineae. The coronary vessel wall thickness ranged from 37.4 ± 5.6 μm in proximal coronary arteries to 13.6 ± 3.3 μm in distal branches. No consistent differences in coronary vessel wall thickness were detected between the wild-type and atherosclerotic hearts in this proof-of-concept study, although the standard deviation in the atherosclerotic mice was higher in most segments, consistent with the observation of occasional focal vessel wall thickening. Overall, DPC imaging of the cardiovascular system of the mice allowed for a simultaneous detailed 3D morphological assessment of both large structures and microscopic details.

Treatment of pleural malignancies by photo-induction combined to systemic chemotherapy: Proof of concept on rodent lung tumors and feasibility study on porcine chest cavities.

BACKGROUND: Low-dose, Visudyne®-mediated photodynamic therapy (photo-induction) was shown to selectively enhance tumor vessel transport causing increased uptake of systemically administered chemotherapy in various tumor types grown on rodent lungs. The present experiments explore the efficacy of photo-induced vessel modulation combined to intravenous (IV) liposomal cisplatin (Lipoplatin®) on rodent lung tumors and the feasibility/toxicity of this approach in porcine chest cavities. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Three groups of Fischer rats underwent orthotopic sarcoma (n = 14), mesothelioma (n = 14), or adenocarcinoma (n = 12) implantation on the left lung. Half of the animals of each group had photo-induction (0.0625 mg/kg Visudyne®, 10 J/cm(2) ) followed by IV administration of Lipoplatin® (5 mg/kg) and the other half received Lipoplatin® without photo-induction. Then, two groups of minipigs underwent intrapleural thoracoscopic (VATS) photo-induction (0.0625 mg/kg Visudyne®; 30 J/cm(2) hilum; 10 J/cm(2) apex/diaphragm) with in situ light dosimetry in combination with IV Lipoplatin® administration (5 mg/kg). Protocol I (n = 6) received Lipoplatin® immediately after light delivery and Protocol II (n = 9) 90 minutes before light delivery. Three additional animals received Lipoplatin® and VATS pleural biopsies but no photo-induction (controls). Lipoplatin® concentrations were analyzed in blood and tissues before and at regular intervals after photo-induction using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Photo-induction selectively increased Lipoplatin® uptake in all orthotopic tumors. It significantly increased the ratio of tumor to lung Lipoplatin® concentration in sarcoma (P = 0.0008) and adenocarcinoma (P = 0.01) but not in mesothelioma, compared to IV drug application alone. In minipigs, intrapleural photo-induction combined to systemic Lipoplatin® was well tolerated with no toxicity at 7 days for both treatment protocols. The pleural Lipoplatin® concentrations were not significantly different at 10 and 30 J/cm(2) locations but they were significantly higher in protocol I compared to II (2.37 ± 0.7 vs. 1.37 ± 0.7 ng/mg, P  < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Visudyne®-mediated photo-induction selectively enhances the uptake of IV administered Lipoplatin® in rodent lung tumors. Intrapleural VATS photo-induction with identical treatment conditions combined to IV Lipoplatin chemotherapy is feasible and well tolerated in a porcine model. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:807-816, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Images as Proof. Photographic portrayal of Catastrophes in Helsingin Sanomat, 1969-1979

Tutkielman aiheena ovat Helsingin Sanomissa 1969 – 1979 uutisoitujen onnettomuuksien kuvallisen esittämisen tavat. Aihetta lähestytään analysoimalla V. K. Hietasen ottamia uutisartikkelien yhteydessä julkaistuja katastrofivalokuvia. Analyysi tapahtuu vertailemalla negatiiveja julkaistuihin kuviin, syventymällä kuvavalintoihin, sekä siihen, miten ne mahdollisesti vaikuttavat lukijoiden käsitykseen todellisuudesta. Tutkielmassa valokuvat toimivat itsenäisinä historian lähteinä, niiden arvo ja luotettavuus punnitaan omassa kontekstissaan. Vaikkakin lehtikuvat ovat pääasiallisena lähteenä, niiden suhde artikkeleihin ja kuvateksteihin on merkityksellinen. Katastrofi-termi viittaa tutkimuksessa onnettomuus- ja rikoskuviin, niiden yhdistäviä tekijöitä ovat draamallisuus ja dramaattisuus. Toisaalta kuvat ovat todisteita dramaattisesta tapahtumasta, toisaalta ne on rakennettu kertomaan tapahtuman tarina joko yksittäisessä kuvassa tai monesta kuvasta koostuvassa kuvasarjassa. Todistaminen ja kuvien rakentaminen tapahtuu pitkälti henkilöiden kautta. Personifikaation avulla uutisartikkelit ja niiden kuvat tuodaan lähemmäksi lukijoita. Valokuvien todistus- ja totuusarvot vaihtelevat julkaisuyhteydestä riippuen, vaikka kuvien alkuperäinen tarkoitus on todistaa tapahtumien todenperäisyydestä. Samoin vaatimus niiden autenttisuudesta on artikkelityypille alisteinen. Kuvavalinnoissa tasapainoillaan todellisuuden näyttämisen ja peittämisen välillä. Lukijoille luodaan kuvavalinnoin mediatapahtumia, joissa onnettomuuksien dramaattisuus korostuu, mutta samalla heille kuitenkin luodaan kuva harmonisesta yhteiskunnasta, jossa auktoriteetit ja yhteisöt liittävät voimansa yhteen taistelussa pahaa vastaan.

Explosion-proof requirements for Electrical Machines in Chemical, Oil and Gas Industry in Russia and CIS Countries

One of the main industries which form the basis of Russian Economical structure is oil and gas. This industry is also playing a significant role for CIS countries. Oil and gas industry is developing intensively attracting foreign investments. This situation is providing sustainable development of machinery production for hazardous areas. Operating in oil and gas areas is always related with occurrence of explosion gas atmospheres. Machines for hazardous areas must be furnished with additional protection of different types. Explosion protection is regulated with standards according to which equipment must be manufactured. In Russia and CIS countries explosion-proof equipment must be constructed in compliance with GOST standards. To confirm that equipment is manufactured according to standards’ requirements and is safe and reliable it must undergo the approval procedure. Certification in Russia is governed by Federal Laws and legislation. Each CIS country has its own approval certificates and permissions for operating in hazardous areas.

Necessary truth and proof

What makes necessary truths true? I argue that all truth supervenes on how things are, and that necessary truths are no exception. What makes them true are proofs. But if so, the notion of proof needs to be generalized to include verification-transcendent proofs, proofs whose correctness exceeds our ability to verify it. It is incumbent on me, therefore, to show that arguments, such as Dummett's, that verification-truth is not compatible with the theory of meaning, are mistaken. The answer is that what we can conceive and construct far outstrips our actual abilities. I conclude by proposing a proof-theoretic account of modality, rejecting a claim of Armstrong's that modality can reside in non-modal truthmakers.

Convincing proof

kuv., 7 x 15 cm

Strategic planning of major disturbance proof network

In the 2000’s Finland suffered from storms that caused long outages in electricity distribution, longest up to two weeks. These major disturbances increased the importance of supply security. In 2013 new Electricity Market Act was announced. It defined maximum duration for outages, 6 h for city plan areas and 36 h for other areas. The aim for this work is to determine required major disturbance proof level for a study area and find tools for prioritizing overhead lines for cabling renovation to improve supply security. Three prioritization methods were chosen to be studied: A: prioritization line sections by customer outage costs they cause, B: maximizing customers major disturbance proof network and C: minimizing excavation costs in medium voltage network. Profitability calculations showed that prioritization method A was the most profitable and C had the weakest profitability. The prioritization method C drove renovation into unreasonable locations in the study area in reliability point of view. Therefore universal rule prioritization methods couldn’t be made from the prioritization methods. This led to the conclusion that every renewing area need to be evaluated in a case by case basis.

Het wterste ofte Oosterste deel van de Oster Zee beslooten tegens Ruslandt Lijfflandt, Oost Finlandt, in welcken de twe opperste ofte veerste laetplaetsen sijn van geheele Oosterse nauigatie, te weeten der Narua eñ Wijburch, met de omstandlicheijt der Eijlanden, Clippen, eñ Sweetse Schaerē. Doer Lucas Iansz. Wag.

Janamittakaavat: Spaensche mijlen ; Duitzsche mijlen.

Leak-proof Heat Sealing of Press-Formed Paperboard Trays

Three-dimensional (3D) forming of paperboard and heat sealing of lidding films to trays manufactured by the press forming process are investigated in this thesis. The aim of the work was to investigate and recognize the factors affecting the quality of heat sealing and the leak resistance (tightness) of press-formed, polymer-coated paperboard trays heatsealed with a multi-layer polymer based lidding film. One target was to achieve a solution that can be used in food packaging using modified atmosphere packaging (MAP). The main challenge in acquiring adequate tightness properties for the use of MAP is creases in the sealing area of the paperboard trays which can act as capillary tubes and prevent leak-proof sealing. Several experiments were made to investigate the effect of different factors and process parameters in the forming and sealing processes. Also different methods of analysis, such as microscopic analysis and 3D-profilometry were used to investigate the structure of the creases in the sealing area, and to analyse the surface characteristics of the tray flange of the formed trays to define quality that can be sealed with satisfactory tightness for the use of MAP. The main factors and parameters that had an effect on the result of leak-proof sealing and must be adjusted accordingly were the tray geometry and dimensions, blank holding force in press forming, surface roughness of the sealing area, the geometry and depth of the creases, and the sealing pressure. The results show that the quality of press-formed, polymer-coated paperboard trays and multi-layer polymer lidding films can be satisfactory for the use of modified atmosphere packaging in food solutions. Suitable tools, materials, and process parameters have to be selected and used during the tray manufacturing process and lid sealing process, however. Utilizing these solutions and results makes it possible for a package that is made mostly from renewable and recyclable sources to be a considerable alternative for packages made completely from oil based polymers, and to achieve a greater market share for fibre-based solutions in food packaging using MAP.

Cartouche : drame nouveau en cinq actes (huit tableaux) / par MM. Adolphe d'Ennery et Ferdinand Dugué. [suivi de] Un mari d'occasion : comédie en un acte / par M. Hippolyte Lucas

Collection : Théâtre contemporain illustré ; 423e et 424e livraisons

Chants de divers pays (poésies inédites) / par Hippolyte Lucas ; publiés par MM. Léo Lucas et Olivier de Gourcuff

Collection : Petite bibliothèque bretonne

Le ciel et l'enfer : féerie mêlée de chants et de danses, en 5 actes et 20 tableaux. [suivi de] Souvent femme varie... : comédie en un acte, en prose. Livr. 138 / de MM. Hippolyte Lucas et Eugène Barré [et Victor Hugo] ; [musique nouvelle de M. Amédée Artus]par M. Amédée Achard

Collection : Théâtre contemporain illustré ; 138e et 139e livraisons

Le ciel et l'enfer : féerie mêlée de chants et de danses, en 5 actes et 20 tableaux. [suivi de] Souvent femme varie... : comédie en un acte, en prose. Livr. 139 / de MM. Hippolyte Lucas et Eugène Barré [et Victor Hugo] ; [musique nouvelle de M. Amédée Artus]par M. Amédée Achard

Collection : Théâtre contemporain illustré ; 138e et 139e livraisons

[Stade Pershing, athlètes du 400 m haies, de gauche à droite, Antony] Jarrety, [Albert] Lucas, Duthil : [photographie de presse] / [Agence Rol]

Référence bibliographique : Rol, 60252