988 resultados para LEG EXTENSORS


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Twenty-five patients with chronic venous leg ulcers were treated in general practice by pinch grafting. Fifteen of the ulcers (60%) were completely healed one year after grafting. Prior to grafting 19 patients (76%) complained of daily pain in the ulcer. These patients experienced complete relief from pain after grafting. Pinch grafting is a simple, safe and effective therapy when applied in a domiciliary environment.

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The aim of this study was to assess the effect of providing environmental enrichment in the form of perches and string on the behaviour and welfare of commercial broiler chickens. Houses containing ~23 000 broiler chickens were assigned to one of four treatments in a 2×2 factorial design. Treatments involved two levels of access to perches (P) (present (24/house) ‘+P’ or absent ‘−P’) and two levels of access to string (S) (present (24/house) ‘+S’ or absent ‘−S’). All houses contained windows, and 30 straw bales were provided from day 10 of the rearing cycle. Treatments were applied in one of four houses on a single farm, and were replicated over four production cycles. Behaviour and leg health were observed in weeks 3 to 5 of the rearing cycle. Production performance and environmental parameters were also measured. There was an interaction between perches and age in the percentage of birds observed lying, with higher percentages of birds observed lying in the +P treatment than in the −P treatment during weeks 4 and 5. There was also a significant interaction between string and age in the percentage of birds observed in locomotion, with higher percentages observed in locomotion in the −S treatment than in the +S treatment during weeks 4 and 5. There was also an interaction between string and age in average gait scores, with lower gait scores in the +S treatment than in the −S treatment during weeks 3 and 5 but not within week 4. Daytime observations showed that perches and strings were used frequently, with one bout of perching occurring approximately every 80 s/perch, and one bout of pecking at string occurring every 78 s/string on average. There was a significant effect of age on use of perches (P<0.001) and string (P<0.001), with perching peaking during week 5 and string pecking peaking during week 3. We conclude that commercial broilers in windowed houses with access to straw bales display an interest in additional enrichment stimuli in the form of perches and string, and therefore that these stimuli have the potential to improve welfare. In addition, provision of string as a pecking device appeared to positively influence walking ability. However, this effect was numerically small, was only shown in certain weeks and was not reflected in the other leg health measure (latency to lie). The results also showed an apparent negative effect of string and perches on the activity levels of birds (recorded away from the immediate vicinity of these enrichments) towards the end of the production cycle. These results emphasise the need for further research into optimum design and layout of enrichment stimuli for modern broilers in windowed houses to ensure that their provision leads to clear welfare benefits.

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This study aimed to assess the effect of the number of straw bales (SBs) provided on the behaviour and leg health of commercial broiler chickens. Houses containing ~23 000 broiler chickens were assigned to one of two treatments: (1) access to 30 SBs per house, ‘30SB’ or (2) access to 45 SB per house, ‘45SB’. This equated to bale densities of 1 bale/44 m2 and 1 bale/29 m2 of floor space within houses, respectively. Treatments were applied in one of two houses on a commercial farm, and were replicated over six production cycles. Both houses had windows and were also artificially lit. Behaviour was observed in weeks 3 to5 of the cycle. This involved observations of general behaviour and activity, gait scores (0: perfect to 5: unable to walk) and latency to lie (measured in seconds from when a bird had been encouraged to stand). Production performance and environmental parameters were also measured. SB density had no significant effect on activity levels (P>0.05) or walking ability (P>0.05). However, the average latency to lie was greater in 30SB birds compared with 45SB birds (P<0.05). The incidence of hock burn and podo dermatitis, average BW at slaughter and levels of mortality and culling were unaffected by SB density (P>0.05). The results from this study suggest that increasing SB levels from 1 bale/44 m2 to 1 bale/29 m2 floor space does not lead to significant improvements in the welfare of commercial broiler chickens in windowed houses.

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A feature detection system has been developed for real-time identification of lines, circles and people legs from laser range data. A new method sutable for arc/circle detection is proposed: the Inscribed Angle Variance (IAV). Lines are detected using a recursive line fitting method.

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Introdução: A unidade de biofeedback de pressão, em indivíduos com dor lombo-pélvica, é utilizada durante exercícios de estabilização segmentar, no entanto ainda carece de evidência científica. Objetivo: Determinar a relação entre a unidade de biofeedback de pressão (UBFP), o deslocamento do centro de pressão no sentido médio-lateral (COPml) e a atividade eletromiográfica abdominal durante o active straight leg raising (ASLR) em indivíduos com e sem dor lombo-pélvica, bem como identificar diferenças entre os grupos. Metodologia: Estudo transversal analítico em 18 estudantes universitários voluntários com dor lombo-pélvica crónica inespecífica (GCD) e em 20 sem dor (GSD). Durante o ASLR (desafio postural dinâmico) foram avaliadas as variações máxima e média da pressão (recorrendo à UBFP) e do deslocamento do COPml (através da plataforma de forças), bem como a atividade muscular abdominal, bilateralmente, com recurso à eletromiografia de superfície. Estatisticamente recorreu-se à correlação de Spearman e ao teste Mann-Whitney U, ambos com um nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: No GCD, ao contrário do GSD, não foi verificada uma relação entre a UBFP e a atividade do transverso abdominal/obliquo interno (TrA/OI) contra-lateral. Correlações moderadas, mas com sentidos opostos, foram evidenciadas em ambos os grupos, entre o deslocamento do COPml e a atividade do TrA/OI contra-lateral. Em ambos os grupos, a UBFP demonstrou estar fortemente correlacionada com o COPml. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos nas variáveis avaliadas. Conclusão: A UBFP, no GCD, não se apresentou relacionada com a atividade do TrA/OI. Contudo, demonstrou uma relação com o deslocamento do COPml, em ambos os grupos, sendo portanto um indicador de estabilidade do tronco e assim, uma ferramenta útil em ambiente clínico. No GCD observou-se que uma maior atividade muscular TrA/OI pressupõe maior deslocamento do COPml, sendo uma relação contrária à verificada no GSD, podendo ser um indicador da perda da sua ação tónica.

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Introdução: A lombalgia crónica assume uma elevada prevalência e graves repercussões a nível socioeconómico, sendo inúmeras as abordagens terapêuticas para o seu tratamento e prevenção. Existindo forte evidência da eficácia dos exercícios terapêuticos no seu tratamento, importa saber quais os mais efetivos. Objectivos: Comparar a efetividade de dois programas de exercício terapêutico na endurance do tronco, no controlo lombo-pélvico, na perceção de dor lombar e fadiga, na funcionalidade e na qualidade de vida em mulheres com lombalgia crónica não especifica, cuidadoras de idosos. Métodos: 24 mulheres foram divididas aleatoriamente em três grupos de 8. Durante 6 semanas, um grupo serviu de controlo (GC) e os outros dois grupos realizaram um programa de exercícios: Pilates Clínico (GP) ou exercícios segundo McGill (GM), com os outcomes medidos em ternos de endurance de tronco pelos testes de McGill, controlo lombo-pélvico pelos testes Active Straight Leg Raise e teste de controlo lombo-pélvico segundo McGill, dor lombar pela Numerical Rating Scale, fadiga pela escala de Borg, funcionalidade através do Questionário de Incapacidade de Roland Morris e qualidade de vida através do Questionário de Estado de Saúde (SF36-V2). Resultados: Relativamente à endurance, verificaram-se diferenças entre grupos no rácio flexores/extensores (p=0,005), e no rácio lateroflexores à esquerda/extensores (p=0,027), sendo que o GP apresentou um rácio estatisticamente inferior ao GC em ambos. Não existiram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os 3 grupos no controlo lombo-pélvico, perceção de dor, fadiga e funcionalidade, apesar das melhorias observadas intra-grupos. Relativamente à qualidade de vida, a dimensão saúde em geral aumentou significativamente no GP (p=0,020) e a função social no GM (p=0,045). Conclusão: A implementação dos programas de exercício Pilates Clínico e Exercícios segundo McGill numa amostra de cuidadoras de idosos com lombalgia crónica não especifica, parece ter um efeito positivo quando comparados com os do grupo de controlo sobre a endurance do tronco, controlo lombo-pélvico, perceção de dor lombar e fadiga, funcionalidade e qualidade de vida.

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This paper reports a Scanning Electron Microscopy study of some samples from the leg 12, Deep Sea Drilling Project, sites 118 and 119. The chronostratigraphic distribution, the frequency of the species identified and the datation of the samples studied are presented. In accordance with the calcareous nannofossil zonation proposed by E. MARTINI (1971) the samples from site 118 are ascribed to the Upper Miocene while the samples from site 119 are located between the Lower (NN1) and the Upper Miocene (NN10).

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Introdução: O Active Straight Leg Raise (ASLR) tem sido sugerido como um indicador clínico da estabilidade lombopélvica. Estratégias passivas e ativas podem contribuir para aumentar esta estabilidade, assim como programas de exercício baseados nas mesmas estratégias ativas. Objetivos: Comparar os efeitos imediatos da compressão pélvica manual (CP), do drawing-in (DI) e do bracing abdominal (BA) durante o ASLR em indivíduos com e sem dor lombopélvica crónica e inespecífica, e avaliar o efeito prolongado das manobras de estabilização ativas através dos programas de exercícios de controlo motor, Pilates e McGill. Métodos: Estudo transversal, com uma amostra de 111 voluntários, 52 sem dor lombopélvica (NLPPG) e 59 com dor lombopélvica (LPPG), e estudo experimental, formado pelo LPPG dividido em 19 no grupo controlo (GC), 20 no grupo pilates (GP) e 20 no grupo mcgill (GMg). Foi avaliado o ASLR padrão, o ASLR com CP, o ASLR com DI e ASLR com BA. Os participantes foram avaliados antes e após as 8 semanas de implementação dos programas exercícios de McGill e Richardson, apenas aos respetivos grupos. Resultados: O LPPG apresentou significativamente maior score no ASLR comparativamente ao NLPPG (z=-9,361; p<0,001). Apesar do BA ter apresentado scores inferiores às restantes estratégias (p<0,001), todas elas foram capazes de diminuir o score do ASLR (p<0,001). Após a aplicação dos programas de exercícios, verificou-se que o GP (p<0,001) e o GMg (p<0,001) apresentaram scores significativamente menores no ASLR, relativamente ao GC. No GP e no GMg verificou-se uma diminuição do score do ASLR (Z=-4,028; p<0,001; Z=-4,179; p<0,001, respetivamente). Além disso, GMg apresentou uma tendência para apresentar menores scores do ASLR comparativamente ao GP. Conclusão: Qualquer uma destas manobras de estabilização quando adicionada ao ASLR pode aumentar a estabilidade lombopélvica, especialmente o BA. Os exercícios de Pilates e de McGill permitiram melhorar os scores do ASLR.

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We assessed knee extensor neuromuscular adjustments following repeated treadmill sprints in different normobaric hypoxia conditions, with special reference to rapid muscle torque production capacity. Thirteen team- and racquet-sport athletes undertook 8 × 5-s "all-out" sprints (passive recovery = 25 s) on a non-motorized treadmill in normoxia (NM; FiO2 = 20.9%), at low (LA; FiO2 = 16.8%) and high (HA; FiO2 = 13.3%) normobaric hypoxia (simulated altitudes of ~1800 m and ~3600 m, respectively). Explosive (~1 s; "fast" instruction) and maximal (~5 s; "hard" instruction) voluntary isometric contractions (MVC) of the knee extensors (KE), with concurrent electromyographic (EMG) activity recordings of the vastus lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) muscles, were performed before and 1-min post-exercise. Rate of torque development (RTD) and EMG (i.e., Root Mean Square or RMS) rise from 0 to 30, -50, -100, and -200 ms were recorded, and were also normalized to maximal torque and EMG values, respectively. Distance covered during the first 5-s sprint was similar (P > 0.05) in all conditions. A larger (P < 0.05) sprint decrement score and a shorter (P < 0.05) cumulated distance covered over the eight sprints occurred in HA (-8 ± 4% and 178 ± 11 m) but not in LA (-7 ± 3% and 181 ± 10 m) compared to NM (-5 ± 2% and 183 ± 9 m). Compared to NM (-9 ± 7%), a larger (P < 0.05) reduction in MVC torque occurred post-exercise in HA (-14 ± 9%) but not in LA (-12 ± 7%), with no difference between NM and LA (P > 0.05). Irrespectively of condition (P > 0.05), peak RTD (-6 ± 11%; P < 0.05), and normalized peak RMS activity for VL (-8 ± 11%; P = 0.07) and RF (-14 ± 11%; P < 0.01) muscles were reduced post-exercise, whereas reductions (P < 0.05) in absolute RTD occurred within the 0-100 (-8 ± 9%) and 0-200 ms (-10 ± 8%) epochs after contraction onset. After normalization to MVC torque, there was no difference in RTD values. Additionally, the EMG rise for VL muscle was similar (P > 0.05), whereas it increased (P < 0.05) for RF muscle during all epochs post-exercise, independently of the conditions. In summary, alteration in repeated-sprint ability and post-exercise MVC decrease were greater at high altitude than in normoxia or at low altitude. However, the post-exercise alterations in RTD were similar between normoxia and low-to-high hypoxia.

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This study examined muscle strength, muscle performance, and neuromuscular function during contractions at different velocities across maturation stages and between sexes. Participants included pre-pubertal, late-pubertal and adult males and females. All completed 8 isometric and 8 isokinetic leg extensions at two different velocities. Peak torque (PT), rate of torque development (PrTD), electromechanical-day (EMD), rate of muscle activation (Q30), muscle activation efficiency and coactivation were determined. Sex, maturity, and velocity main effects were found in PT and PrTD, reflecting greater values in men, adults, and isometric contractions respectively. When values were normalized to quadriceps cross-sectional area (qCSA), there was still an increase with maturity. EMD decreased with maturity. Adults had greater activation efficiency than children. Overall, differences in muscle size and neuromuscular function failed to explain group differences in PT or PrTD. More research is needed to investigate why adults may be affected to a greater extent by increasing movement velocity.

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Introduction: Les stratégies d’optimisation de la performance chez les athlètes sont de plus en plus exploitées par les entraîneurs et préparateurs physiques. La potentialisation de post- activation (PAP) est reconnue comme étant un phénomène pouvant mener à une augmentation des performances. L’objectif de la présente étude était de donc décrire les effets d’une pré-sollicitation à la hanche sur la coordination inter-musculaire et la performance au cours d’un exercice épuisant. Méthodes: Six athlètes de patins de vitesse de courte piste (3 de sexe masculin et 3 de sexe féminin; âge: 20.2 ± 2.8 ans; moyenne±écart-type) ont exécuté aléatoirement un exercice qui consistait en 2 séries de 9 blocs de squats sautés maximaux, entre-coupés d’un squat isométrique d’une durée de 5 secondes sans pré-sollicitation préalable (CON) et avec une tâche de pré-sollicitation unilatérale de squat isométrique (EXP) contre une barre fixe de 2x3 secondes. Le pic de puissance moyen, l’amplitude et la fréquence moyenne d’EMG, et la vitesse et l’accélération angulaires des premiers et derniers blocs étaient enregistrés. Résultats: La pré-sollicitation isométrique maximale des membres inférieurs n’a pas amélioré de manière significative la performance de sauts et la coordination des muscles stabilisateurs à la hanche. La fréquence spectrale moyenne a néanmoins témoigné de l’implication de stratégies compensatoires du membre inférieur gauche en réponse à la fatigue. Conclusion: La pré-sollicitation des stabilisateurs à la hanche n’augmenterait pas la performance de squats répétés. Par contre, la fréquence moyenne du grand fessier et du tibial antérieur gauche ont suggéré meilleure résistance à la fatigue des muscles du membre inférieur non-dominant avec une pré-sollicitation. Les résultats de la présente étude indiquent donc la pertinence de considérer la pré-sollicitation dans un objectif de performance et de réadaptation sachant que l’asymétrie est omniprésente chez les athlètes et qu’elle est impliquée dans le taux élevé de blessures enregistré chez cette population.