Selvitys yliopistorakennuksen energiatehokkuudesta

Rakennusten energiatehokkuusdirektiivi astui voimaan vuonna 2003. Yksi direktiivinkeskeisimmistä kohdista on energiatodistuksen hankkiminen silloin kun rakennusta tai sen osaa myydään tai vuokrataan. Kiinteistön omistaja voi hankkia energiatodistuksen joko erillisenä todistuksena, isännöitsijäntodistuksen osana tai katselmuksen yhteydessä. Tässä työssä verrataan jo olemassa olevaa katselmusmenettelyä erilliseen energiatodistukseen ja energiatodistuksen myöntämiseen isännöitsijätodistuksen yhteydessä case-kohteen kautta arvioituna. Vertailun suorittamiseksi tehtiin osana diplomityötä energiakatselmus Lappeenrannan teknillisen yliopiston rakennusvaiheesta 7. Energiakatselmukseen verrattuna energiatodistus on huomattavasti suppeampi selvitys rakennuksen energiankulutuksesta. Arvioitu energiankulutuksen säästöpotentiaali energiatodistuksessa oli noin puolet energiakatselmuksessa löydetyistä, kustannusten ollessa huomattavasti alhaisemmat. Erillisenä osana työssä käsitellään tilaustehojen tarkistusta Lappeenrannan teknillisen yliopiston rakennuskannasta. Rakennusvaiheen 7 tilausteho oli oikeansuuruinen, muiden rakennusvaiheiden osalta tilaustehojen uudelleen tarkastamista kannattaa harkita.

Estudi de sensibibilitat de la certificació energètica d’un establiment hoteler

Simulació de certificació energètica d'un edifici de turismo rural existent situat al municipi de Tavertet mitjançant els procediments i els diferents programes de la versió simplificada acreditats pel "Ministeri d’Indústria, Energia i Turisme" i avaluar la bondat d'aquests programes informàtics tot comparant-ne resultats entre sí i amb els obtinguts mitjançant d'altres eines d'avaluació d'eficiència energètica. Segons els resultats obtinguts es pretén també realitzar una anàlisi de sensibilitat de possibles millores a implementar a l'edifici existent per tal de millorar-nel'eficiència a nivell energètic

Energy efficient measures to reduce electrical energy use in commercial buildings in New York City

GEA Consulting Engineers, acting as the design engineers, was hired by the owner, East Village 207 Residential LLC2 for energy modeling for compliance with LEED NC V3 -- This report details the results of the energy simulation done with the 100% construction documents -- This report only refers to entities within the LEED3 project boundary -- The project consists of a new eight-story high-end residential condominium building with 81 units, as shown in illustration 1, and approximately 117,905 GSF, equivalent to 10,953.73 m2, is located at 211 E 13th Street in New York, NY -- The residential portion of the building will function 24-7 -- The design goal is to utilize energy efficient measures to reduce electrical energy use and aims to achieve LEED certification -- LEED EA Credit 14 requires a building to demonstrate a percentage improvement in the proposed building performance compared with the baseline building -- The Credit rewards 1 point for achieving 12% reduction in energy costs -- Additionally, the Credit rewards another point for each subsequent reduction of 2% in the building’s energy cost

Studies on Energy Requirement and Conservation in Selected Fish Harvesting Systems

Present work deals with the studies on energy requirement and convervation in selected fish harvesting systems.Modem fishing is one of the most energy intensive methods of food production. Fossil fuels used for motorised and mechanised fishing are nonrenewable and limited. Most of the environmental problems that confront mankind today are connected to the use of energy in one way or another. Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (FAO, 1995) highlights the need for efficient use of energy in the fisheries sector. Information on energy requirement in different fish harvesting systems, based on the principles of energy analysis, is entirely lacking in respect of Indian fisheries. Such an analysis will provide an unbiased decision making support for maximising the yield per unit of non-renewable energy use, from different fishery resource systems, by rational deployment of harvesting systems. In the present study, results of investigations conducted during 1997-2000 on energy requirement in selected fish harvesting systems and approaches to energy conservation in fishing, are presented along with a detailed description of the fish harvesting systems and their operation. The content of the thesis is organised into 8 Chapters.

Energy-efficient commercial buildings : the range of possible solutions and their conceptual differences /

"Work Performed Under Contract No. EG-77-C-01-4042."

Current and future industrial energy service characterizations : volume 1 /

"October 1980."

Controlling energy consumption in single buildings /

On cover: An investigation conducted by Newcomb & Boyd, consulting engineers; sponsored by Naval Facilities Engineering Command.

Guidelines for saving energy in existing buildings /

Includes bibliographies and indexes.

A heat metering system for energy management on an industrial site

Faced with a future of rising energy costs there is a need for industry to manage energy more carefully in order to meet its economic objectives. A problem besetting the growth of energy conservation in the UK is that a large proportion of energy consumption is used in a low intensive manner in organisations where they would be responsibility for energy efficiency is spread over a large number of personnel who each see only small energy costs. In relation to this problem in the non-energy intensive industrial sector, an application of an energy management technique known as monitoring and targeting (M & T) has been installed at the Whetstone site of the General Electric Company Limited in an attempt to prove it as a means for motivating line management and personnel to save energy. The objective energy saving for which the M & T was devised is very specific. During early energy conservation work at the site there had been a change from continuous to intermittent heating but the maintenance of the strategy was receiving a poor level of commitment from line management and performance was some 5% - 10% less than expected. The M & T is concerned therefore with heat for space heating for which a heat metering system was required. Metering of the site high pressure hot water system posed technical difficulties and expenditure was also limited. This led to a ‘tin-house' design being installed for a price less than the commercial equivalent. The timespan of work to achieve an operational heat metering system was 3 years which meant that energy saving results from the scheme were not observed during the study. If successful the replication potential is the larger non energy intensive sites from which some 30 PT savings could be expected in the UK.

Renewable energy scenarios for South Karelia – non-industrial energy demands

Tässä diplomityössä tarkastellaan täysin uusiutuvaa energiajärjestelmää Etelä-Karjalan maakunnan alueella, mikä onkin jo tällä hetkellä Suomen uusiutuvin maakunta. Diplomityössä tarkastellaan julkisen sektorin, liikenteen ja rakennusten energian kulutusta mutta teollisuuden energiankäyttö jätetään tarkastelun ulkopuolelle. Työssä tutustutaan tämän hetken Etelä-Karjalan energiajärjestelmään ja sen perusteella tehdään referenssi-skenaario. Tulevaisuuden skenaariot tehdään vuosille 2030 ja 2050. Tulevaisuuden skenaarioissa muutos keskittyy järjestelmän sähköistymiseen ja uusiutuvien tuotantomuotojen integroimiseen järjestelmään. Sähköistyminen kasvattaa sähkönkulutusta, joka pyritään kattamaan uusiutuvilla tuotantomuodoilla, lähinnä tuuli- ja aurinkovoimalla. Liikennesektori rajataan kumipyöräliikenteeseen ja sen muutos tulee olemaan haastavin ja aikaa vievin. Muutokseen pyritään liikennepolttoaineiden tuotannolla maakunnassa sekä sähköautoilulla. Uusiutuva energiajärjestelmä tarvitsee tuotannon ja kysynnän joustoa sekä älyä järjestelmältä. Työssä tarkastellaan myös järjestelmän kustannuksia sekä työllisyysvaikutuksia.

Estudo da redução de consumos energéticos de uma Piscina Municipal

As cada vez mais importantes questões ambientais levam à imprescindibilidade da eficiência energética, sendo que esta tem cada vez mais importância a nível mundial. Deste modo, a eficiência energética, quer por uma obrigação legal (devido aos níveis de consumo) quer por questões de estatuto no mercado (imagem de uma empresa amiga do ambiente), está bem presente no mundo industrial. Portugal apresenta, no que diz respeito à situação energética, uma forte dependência externa, acima dos 70 %. Em 2012, informação disponível pela Direção Geral de Energia e Geologia (DGEG), o consumo total de energia primária era de 21.482 ktep e mais de 55 % desse consumo era proveniente de origem fóssil. Os setores que apresentam maiores consumos de eletricidade por setor de atividade são a Indústria e o setor de Serviços, onde estão presentes os edifícios com consumos perto dos 33 %. De forma a promover a eficiência energética e implementar a utilização racional de energia foram criados programas, estratégias e legislação que permitiram incentivar a diminuição dos consumos de energia nos edifícios de serviço. Uma das metodologias implementadas passa pela gestão de energia, ou seja, para atuar é necessário conhecer os fluxos de energia de um edifício. As auditorias energéticas permitem realizar um levantamento e análise desses mesmos fluxos, com o desígnio de identificar oportunidades de racionalização de consumo de energia. Nesta dissertação foi realizado um estudo da redução de consumos energéticos de uma piscina municipal baseado em dados de uma auditoria energética. Através da auditoria foi possível obter um resultado do exame energético, caracterizar o perfil real de utilização da energia elétrica e caracterizar os equipamentos dos consumidores energéticos instalados. Também permitiu realizar um levantamento térmico, de forma conhecer as temperaturas e a humidade relativa do edifício. Por fim, são apresentadas cinco medidas e algumas recomendações de eficiência energética, que permitem uma redução do consumo anual à instalação de cerca de 20%. Procedeu-se, também, a uma análise dos dados obtidos na auditoria, de forma a identificar algumas oportunidades de racionalização de energia.

Context-based identification of energy consumption in industrial plants

Nowadays, reducing energy consumption is one of the highest priorities and biggest challenges faced worldwide and in particular in the industrial sector. Given the increasing trend of consumption and the current economical crisis, identifying cost reductions on the most energy-intensive sectors has become one of the main concerns among companies and researchers. Particularly in industrial environments, energy consumption is affected by several factors, namely production factors(e.g. equipments), human (e.g. operators experience), environmental (e.g. temperature), among others, which influence the way of how energy is used across the plant. Therefore, several approaches for identifying consumption causes have been suggested and discussed. However, the existing methods only provide guidelines for energy consumption and have shown difficulties in explaining certain energy consumption patterns due to the lack of structure to incorporate context influence, hence are not able to track down the causes of consumption to a process level, where optimization measures can actually take place. This dissertation proposes a new approach to tackle this issue, by on-line estimation of context-based energy consumption models, which are able to map operating context to consumption patterns. Context identification is performed by regression tree algorithms. Energy consumption estimation is achieved by means of a multi-model architecture using multiple RLS algorithms, locally estimated for each operating context. Lastly, the proposed approach is applied to a real cement plant grinding circuit. Experimental results prove the viability of the overall system, regarding both automatic context identification and energy consumption estimation.

Projecte d'una indústria càrnia elaboradora d'embotits cuits seguint criteris d'eficiència energètica, situada al polígon industrial del Terme Municipal de Riudellots de la Selva, província de Girona

Disseny i posada en marxa d’una indústria càrnia elaboradora d’embotits cuits on es segueixen criteris d’eficiència energètica en tot el procés. La indústria s’ubicarà al polígon industrial Girona, sector Ponent, del terme municipal de Riudellots de la Selva a la comarca de la Selva, en una propietat del promotor, dotada amb bones comunicacions per carretera, ferrocarril i avió, i a més es trova situada a prop de nuclis urbans importants com Girona i Barcelona. Per tant, per la seva localització i les bones infraestructures existents podem assegurar que tindrà un bon accés per la recepció de les matèries primeres i per la distribució dels productes acabats. Es dissenyen les instal•lacions de la indústria per garantir una capacitat productiva de 1.000 tones de producte acabat a l’any. La comercialització dels seus productes es preveu que sigui bàsicament a nivell de la província de Girona, abraçant una quota de mercat del sector carni en aquesta zona d’un 10%, i podent ampliar el seu mercat objectiu en un futur a d’altres províncies o a l’estranger si fos viable. Del volum anual de producció, es decideix que el 45% de la producció vagi destinada a envasos llescats, ja que la venda d’un producte llescat fa que el consumidor final compri l’estrictament necessari, per tant aquest fet assegura que elmercat sigui més estable. El 55% restant es destina a la presentació a l’engròs, per poder servir el producte a carnisseries o al sector restauració