999 resultados para Heuristiques de qualité


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The important weight loss due to bariatric surgery allows to improve and even correct, a great part of the comorbidities induced by obesity, as well as quality of life, and to reduce the coming out of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases in operated patients. The impact of surgical treatment on the patient's health and quality of life also allows to reduce direct and indirect costs of morbid obesity. However, its effects on mortality have not yet been clearly proved. The preoperative evaluation and the long term follow-up by a skilled team are essential to reduce potential complications, especially on the nutritional field and the risks of recovered weight linked to binge eating disorders.

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It is common knowledge that patients' satisfaction influences their compliance with the proposed treatment and their future use of health services, and that the therapeutic alliance represents a recognised factor in the success of psychotherapeutic management. In May and June 2011 we conducted an enquiry in all the paedopsychiatric outpatient units of the Canton of Vaud in Switzerland, from which we gathered 1261 questionnaires from consulting children and their parents. The questions covered inter alia overall satisfaction concerning the quality of the care on off er, perception of the therapeutie alliance and the helpfulness of the varions types of treatment. The instruments used are recognised and validated internationally (HAQII and CSQS). The results reve al a high degree of satisfaction and a good perception of the therapeutic alliance's quality: an average of 4.9 for children and 5.9 for parents concerning the therapeutic alliance, on a scale from 1 (totally disagree) to 6 (totally agree), and concerning patient satisfaction an average of 3.2 for children and 3.4 for parents on a scale of 1 to 4. Regarding perception of the benefit derived from different forms of treatment, individual and family interviews were overwhel~ningly approved (3.2 out of 4), while compliance with drug treatment was less recognised as helpful to children (2.3 out of 4).

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Quality control (QuaCo) in urology is mandatory to standardize or even increase the level of care. While QuaCo is undertaken at every step in the clinical pathway, it should focus on the patient's comorbidities and on the urologist and its complication rate. Resulting from political and economical pressures, comparing QuaCo and outcomes between urologists and institutions is nowadays often performed. However, careful interpretation of these comparisons is mandatory to avoid potential discriminations. Indeed, the reader has to make sure that patients groups and surgical techniques are comparable, definitions of complications are similar, classification of complications is standardized, and finally that the methodology in collecting data is irreproachable.

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Les recherches qualitatives dans les sciences de la santé sont de plus en plus nombreuses, cependant elles restent difficiles à publier et font souvent l'objet d'une moindre reconnaissance de la part des commanditaires et/ou des experts des revues. Devant cet état de fait, les chercheurs anglo-saxons ont développé un ensemble de grilles et critères qui devraient permettre d'établir les « standards » de qualité d'une recherche qualitative. Dans un premier temps, les auteurs proposent un bref état des lieux concernant les critères de qualité de la recherche qualitative dans les sciences de la santé. Dans un deuxième temps, ils présentent huit grilles, dont la traduction française est inédite, issues de la psychologie/psychiatrie et de la médecine générale. Les auteurs mettent en perspective ces grilles et montrent les difficultés à trouver des accords dans les définitions des critères entre les divers auteurs. Ces difficultés mettent en évidence l'écart entre ces grilles tant au point de vue de l'épistémologie qui les sous-tend, qu'au point de vue des critères retenus (nombre, type, forme, contenus). Les différences entre elles correspondent à la diversité des paradigmes auxquels se réfèrent les créateurs des grilles, sans jamais le mentionner explicitement dans leurs textes de référence. Les auteurs concluent que l'augmentation des travaux de recherche et des publications de type qualitatif n'a pas permis de dépasser les difficultés à établir des critères définis et partagés, et que cette grande hétérogénéité des concepts soulève des problèmes majeurs, non seulement méthodologiques, mais surtout épistémologiques et théoriques.