Las estructuras modales en lengua inglesa y su función en el discurso : consideraciones teóricas.

Resumen basado en el del autor

Aprendizaje implícito y memoria de trabajo : evidencia para postular su separación funcional.

resumen literal de la revista

La reducción funcional en la justificación de la adiabaticidad de las ondas sonoras.

Resumen tomado de la publicación. Anexo con ejemplo gráfico

Sobre la gramática y cómo enseñarla.

Resumen tomado de la revista

Caracterización funcional de la táctica deportiva : propuesta de clasificación de los deportes.

Resumen tomado de la publicación

Las actividades metacomunicativas de manipulación lingüística : su contribución al mejoramiento del discurso oral de nuestros alumnos.

Las propuestas actuales en el campo de la didáctica de las lenguas evidencian una tendencia pragmática, funcional y cognitiva en el tratamiento de los fenómenos lingüísticos y sugieren un enfoque comunicativo para pautar el proceso de aprendizaje. Se intenta esbozar una caracterización de las actividades metacomunicativas de manipulación (AMM) que pueden contribuir a mejorar la calidad del discurso oral de los alumnos.

Un caso de insuficiencia de la oración gramatical en español : las formas del discurso.

Se pretende mostrar la insuficiencia de la oración gramatical para explicar un hecho de lengua como el constituido por los enunciados reproductores o formas del discurso. Los objetivos principales son: en primer lugar, proporcionar al profesor de Bachillerato una serie de sugerencias centradas en un intento de sistematización de hechos de lengua; y en segundo lugar, desbrozar un posible camino hacia una gramática española del texto.

El discurso reproducido desde la perspectiva de la enseñanza de E-LE.

Memoria de máster (Universidad Antonio de Nebrija, 2007). Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Análisis contrastivo de los sistemas entonativos del inglés en la interlengua de hablantes no nativos : implicación en la organización de la información desde la perspectiva funcional : estudio basado en un corpus computerizado de aprendices españoles de lengua inglesa.

El objetivo principal es estudiar y analizar la forma, la estructura, la función y el significado transmitidos por la entonación no nativa en el discurso oral. En segundo lugar, basándose en análisis acústicos y estadísticos, se pretende determinar si las diferencias y dificultades prosódicas detectadas en la expresión de aprendices españoles de lengua inglesa afectan sólo a la percepción de acento extranjero; o bien, si estas diferencias afectan de modo significativo también a la estructura y organización de la información y al significado pragmático-discursivo de los mensajes que transmiten. El corpus analizado está compuesto por 40 conversaciones entre 10 hablantes no nativos con características análogas en cuanto a edad (entre 19 y 22 años), lengua materna (castellano), región de origen (Madrid), y sin otro idioma extranjero excepto la lengua inglesa, con un nivel medio-alto en su competencia lingüística inglesa; y 10 hablantes nativos, estudiantes ingleses del convenio Sócrates-Erasmus en la Universidad Autónoma con edades y contextos sociales similares. La recogida de datos consistió en la grabación analógica y digitalmente de 10 aprendices españoles de inglés para un posterior tratamiento acústico e instrumental que complementase el análisis auditivo y la interpretación fonética, fonológica y lingüístico. El estudio es longitudinal: las grabaciones de los 10 aprendices de españoles de lengua inglesa tuvieron lugar dos veces cada año durante los tres años que duran sus estudios universitarios. Utilizando las mismas herramientas se graba una sola vez a los 10 hablantes nativos. Una vez que se obtienen los datos orales, se procede a su clasificación y comparación dentro y entre grupo de aprendices y grupo de hablantes nativos, de forma global tanto auditiva como instrumentalmente. Esta investigación pretende establecer la relación y efectos de las variables independientes (los dos grupos de hablantes y las funciones del habla analizadas) y las variables dependientes (la entonación y el tiempo). Las herramientas utilizadas para el análisis acústico y estadístico son las siguientes: modelo de anotación prosódica (incluye los siguientes niveles: señal acústica, nivel de anotación del sistema de tonicidad y del sistema de tonalidad, nivel de anotación fonético-acústico, nivel de anotación fonológico, nivel de duración o anotación temporal y transcripción tipográfica); análisis acústico a través del programa de análisis de lenguaje Speech Analizer 1.5; y análisis estadístico utilizando el programa estadístico para ciencias sociales SPSS 1.0. Los patrones de entonación usados por los aprendices españoles y nativos de lengua inglesa difieren significativamente en la expresión de distintas funciones de discurso y en las metafunciones interpersonal y textual. La diferencia afecta a los tres sistemas jerárquicos de entonación: tonalidad, tonicidad y tono. Como consecuencia, ambos grupos de hablantes transmiten significados distintos en su discurso oral. Los resultados constatan que la entonación no sólo afecta nuestra impresión de acento extranjero o no nativo, hecho éste que en el mundo globalizado actual no tendría la mayor importancia. Por el contrario, se ha demostrado que los distintos patrones de entonación usados por los aprendices de lengua inglesa para expresar las diferentes funciones de habla conllevan importantes consecuencias en la estructura, organización y el estatus de la información y, por tanto, en el mensaje que se transmite durante la interacción lingüística.

Gêneros do discurso e escrita: o que as coleções didáticas de português (des)prestigiam no ensino da produção textual?

Through the examination of official indicators, it can be observed that writing is pointed out as one of the main problems concerning formal basic education. However, this teaching-learning object is one of the central objectives at school, having an essential role in different curricular components as well as in the interaction demands required by society. Such paradox indicates, therefore, the relevance of investigations which analyze the intrinsic elements of child development as written text producer. Hence, the main purpose of this research consists of analyzing the treatment given to the types of discourse and the teaching situations in which the written text are produced, concerning Portuguese language didactic material collections approved by Programa Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD 2010) the Brazilian program of didactic book and worked at elementary school. Such materials correspond to the collections adopted in municipal education system schools from Natal, RN which were below the official education indicator IDEB 2009. Thus, the questions that guide this work are: 1. During writing production lessons, is the diversity of types of discourse effectively worked on didactic collections? 2. Which are the types of discourse and the social spheres prioritized when teaching writing production? 3. How is the situation addressed in the production of the written text should be produced? For this research, we retook the authors Bakhtin, Bunzen, Faraco, Freire, Rodrigues, Rojo, Schneuwly e Dolz and we made a list of all types of discourse and spheres contemplated in the propositions of the writing production in didactical books, concerning the eight collections which compounds the first moment of analysis. Then, we verified how the situation of production is oriented by examining two didactic collections if and how they express the elements referring to the social-historical, functional and linguistic-discursive context of the text to be produced. The data obtained indicate: lack of diversification of types of discourse in the collection that compounds the Aggregate Sample of the research; the conception of a diversity based on the didactic of visiting; the recognition of all canonical and hegemonic types of text as one of the privileged objects of study; the centralization on the standard variety of the language and the devaluation of the representative types of cultural diversity; the shortage of productions which retrace to written language related to different technologies of communication and information; and the little emphasis on the types of discourse related to public language practices. As for the situations of production, it is observed the predominance of the school as a producer of dialogic relationships, whose propositions present, for example, text addressees, enunciative positions, support and contexts of restricted circulation, especially at school. Two divergent situations are observed among the collections: the lack of a work in which the situation of production is under the perspective of the types of discourse as object of teaching-learning; the concept of the types of discourse as object of reflection, presenting a differentiated didactic orientation towards the situation of production. This research contributes, therefore, with a mapping of the existence and the treatment of the types of discourse on propositions of writing production in didactic books; with the critical analysis of the approach of written activities, considering the elements of the historical-social, functional and linguistic-discursive context; thus, through teaching, research and public policies, use and selection of didactic material for the area

Aí marcador de especificidade de SN indefinidos: um estudo funcionalista com implicações para o ensino

This body of work aims to describe and analyze the behavior of the Aí specificity marker of indefinite Noun Phrases (NP), one of the many functions this linguistic item is developing in contemporary Brazilian Portuguese. From the Functional Linguistic theory perspective, the North American declivity, this project intends to outline the possible grammaticalization trajectory taken by the Aí specificity marker. It will be followed from its function as a spatial deitic up to its integration of indefinite NP, and the action of the fundamental principles of the theory, such as iconicity and informativity, will be observed on the use of this item. Following this, Aí specificity marker behavior will be described in respect to various linguistic and social factors: type of text where the occurrence is encountered, language modality in which the latter is produced, syntactic function developed by the NP specified by Aí , the existence or lack of material intervening between Aí and the NP nuclear noun, informational status of the NP adjugated to Aí , and finally, sex, education and age of the speaker. The occurrence of conversational implicatures will also be verified (GRICE, 1982) within the contexts of Aí specificity marker use. Reflections on the teaching of grammar will be made, as well as on the possibility and validity of working with noun phrase specificity markers in elementary and high school Portuguese language classes. The data used in this research project stem from Corpus Discurso & Gramática A língua falada e escrita na cidade do Natal (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 1998), and from Corpus Discurso & Gramática A língua falada e escrita na cidade do Rio de Janeiro (VOTRE; OLIVEIRA, 1995)

"Tudo" em Natal : definitude, implicaturas e contribuições para o ensino de língua materna

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

A relação gramatical objeto direto : implicações para o ensino de língua materna

This paper attempts to investigate the discourse manifestations of the grammatical relation direct object with respect to the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic properties that underlie this element. The research adopts theoretical orientation of the functionalism from North American and Brazilian schools inspired in Givón (1995, 2001), Hopper and Thompson (1980), Chafe (1979), Furtado da Cunha, Oliveira, Martelotta (2003) inter alia. From functionalism, the research uses principles of iconicity, markedness and informativity and it analize categories of transitivity, grounding and animacy. This research is anchored in prototype model (TAYLOR 1995); construction grammar model (GOLDBERG 1996, 2002). Both theoretical orientations share the view that language is a malleable living organism subject to socio-cultural context. Grammar is then the result of created, maintained, and systematized linguistic patterns developed from and used for language use. According to a functional linguistics and cognitivist linguistics verbs are stored in the speakers lexicon in syntactic-semantic frames which are more frequent. These frames carry information concerning obligatory and optional arguments and the semantic roles these arguments take in the clause. The analysis focuses on the semantic type of the verbs and its relationship with the argument encoded as a direct object observing the aspectual nature of verbs. Direct objects are classified according to their morphology (lexical or pronominal noun phrase), semantic role, informational content and animacy. This study discusses pedagogical implications with relation to how the grammatical concepts touched on this paper are treated in school textbooks. The empirical data come from Corpus Discurso & Gramática: a língua falada e escrita na cidade do Natal (FURTADO DA CUNHA, 1998). This corpus is composed of texts that contain spoken and written modalities. These modalities are in turn organized according to different types: personal narratives, retold narrative, description of preferred place, procedural place, procedural description and report on argumentation. The sample data totals 40 texts produced by four language consultants of the last graduation date. The paper shows that the same syntactic structures (formed through Subject-Verb-Object) correspond to different semantic-pragmatic structures in relation to specific communicative purposes even verb is an event, process or state. The argument structure are not aleatory but are related to experience; that is the way humans conceptualize the world and talk about it

O complemento de lugar dos verbos de movimento: implicações para o ensino de língua materna

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

O portfólio na formação inicial do professor reflexivo de inglês como língua estrangeira: uma análise sistêmico-funcional

This research deals with the insertion of the portfolio as a resource to the development of the reflective action in training teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Its goal is to characterize linguistic marks that show the reflective process in learning narratives collected in portfolios following the considerations of the ideational metafunction of the Systemic-Functional Grammar (SFG) by Halliday (1994). Within the scope of analysis offered by SFG, the system of transitivity was chosen attempting to observe and study the lexicogrammatical choices made by participants to produce their learning narratives. The corpus was composed of twenty-six learning narratives produced by thirteen participants into two distinct modules, designated here as "First Assessment" and "Final Assessment. The analysis were performed using procedures related to Corpus Linguistics, with the aid of the computer resource WordSmith Tools 5.0 (Scott, 1999). The results seems to indicate that preservice teachers, when asked to reflect on activities written on the classroom, use in their narratives a significant majority of mental processes instead of material processes that are common in narratives from other nature. Meanwhile, the use of a portfolio in teacher training in EFL, can be considered as a trigger reflection tool, which allows future teachers' effective monitoring of all their learning process