Zoneamento geoambiental do estado do Tocantins

The lack of environment planning studies in Brazil drives to an imbalance due to a disorderly occupation in some areas. As the youngest Brazilian state facing a fast occupation, Tocantins is included on this situation. In order to provide guidelines for an environment planning studies, this paper is under geoenvironmental zoning which is based on the integration of physical aspects. This detailed study supported by maps elaborated on GIS environment, will be able to present the support for planning studies focused on the potential or limitation of the area

O uso do geoprocessamento para mapear as áreas verdes urbanas como indicador de qualidade ambiental no município de Americana/SP

The style of life in the cities deprives the man of the contact with nature. As a way to escape from the turbulent reality of the urban system, the urban planning provides areas that allow the contact between man and nature like botanical gardens, parks, leafy squares, etc. These places, through specific analysis, are also called green areas. Thus, the main purpose of this research is to outline and analyze, through geoprocessing techniques, green areas of Americana, São Paulo considering them as indicators of urban environmental quality. This evaluation will be based on the methodology adapted by Bargos (2010) where products of remote sensing were used (aerial photos and satellite images) and it will be also based on field work and calculation of the amount of green areas. The software ESRI ArcGIS® will be used to create thematic maps connected with city’s green areas. Based on the results achieved in this study, it’s expected to contribute to the government of the city of Americana in order to provide benefits of analysis for decision makers in the context of urban planning aiming an improvement in the urban environmental quality, thus benefiting its entire population

Mapeamento de áreas susceptíveis a sinistros climáticos no município de Rio Claro-SP

This work discourse on Civil Defense’ strategic planning and severe events in the city of Rio Claro – SP. In order to realize spatial analysis about its damages, registered by Civil Defense Department, it is being propose a methodological procedure by the use of Geographical Information System – Arc Gis 9.3.1. and another with SPRING 5.1.8.. The mapping of target areas and their impacts, during a period, have a great importance to the identification of possible risk areas as well as their use for logistic support to corps which is somehow involved to severe events and their victims, and to create a robust alert system

Classificação e mapeamento de áreas de risco de enchentes e inundações no bairro Jardim Inocoop - Rio Claro - SP

In the last few decades, Brazil has experienced an accelerated urbanization process in which many cities have grown in a disorderly way occupying environmentally fragile areas unsuitable for habitation. Anthropogenic actions such as high levels of impermeable soil, structural changes in watercourses, lack of riparian vegetation, illegal presence of trash and rubbish along the river banks added to irregular settlements in floodplains result in the rise of high risk areas. When accompanied by intense and prolonged rainfall phenomena, those areas have been the scenery of serious accidents such as floods. This study aims to classify the level of the risk of floods in the neighborhood of Jardim Inocoop, in the town of Rio Claro, São Paulo countryside, Brazil. One of the main technical support to tackle this issue is the identification and classification of the risks. In order to classify the risk level of flood in this case study, the methodology adopted was developed by the Ministry of Cities and Technology Research Institute, and take into account the arrangement of the hydrological scenario, vulnerability of households and dangerous process according to the distance of the houses from the axis of drainage. Therefore, the risk levels adopted to classify are listed below: very high (MA), high risk (A), moderate (M) and low risk (B). In conclusion, it is imperative to develop prevention plans in order to avoid or to minimize the damages caused by natural disasters. Therefore, the zoning of the risk sceneries remains as an important issue once it helps to identify the areas with high level risk of flood. Consequently, the occupation must be regulated where there is low or absent risk and it must be often forbidden where the high risk of flood is detected. Thus, the present study remains as an attempt to notify the risk of floods through its spatialization on a map, remainig...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Zoneamento geoambiental do assentamento rural Sepé-Tiaraju: base para planejamento do uso e ocupação do solo

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Proposta de traçado de alcoolduto ligando a hidrovia Tietê Paraná à refinaria do planalto paulista com uso de avaliação multicritérios e geotecnologias

From the beginning of the century, with the advent of the flex fuel car, successor fluctuations in oil prices and the rise of awareness of the impending shortage of fossil fuels, the alcohol sector begins to reappear in the panorama of national economy making Brasill reaches the point of becoming a leading exporter of this product. Ethanol assumed the role of such importance in Brazilian exports, which Petrobras through the Growth Acceleration Program (PAC) has made investments in the Brazilian pipeline network to better ensure the production of ethanol to major ports. The means of transport in pipelines are safe and inexpensive, but require careful evaluation in its implementation, they may lead to negative social and environmental impacts. Thus, the purpose of this project is to propose the best route for an ethanol pipeline connectin the Tietê-Paraná, leaving the municipality of Santa Maria da Serra (SP), to the Planalto Paulista Refinery (REPLAN), located in Paulinia (SP), belonging to the passage of ethanol export corridor, currently under revelopment. The technique used for the development of the stroke is the association of multicriteria evaluation, the geographical information system (SIG) and geotechnologies. This study presented three possible layouts for the ethanol pipeline, highlighting the best option, in addition, demonstrated the suitability of the area to receive projects of similar nature to a pipeline

Análise das enchentes no estado de São Paulo durante a operação verão de 2000 a 2007

With increasing frequency and intensity of climate disasters in Brazil, it is necessary studies on mitigation measures. From this spatialization of areas considered risk becomes essential to assist the public in preventive plans. Floods and flooding are the main types of climatic disasters that hit our country, especially the state of Sao Paulo, mainly by self degree of urbanization. From the data provided by the State Civil Defense was possible to create a database with the localities georelacional occurrences of flooding in the state in which through techniques of GIS (Geographic Information System) enabled the interrelationship and spatialization occurrence of areas affected This will help to determine potential areas of risk and different ways to prevent these disasters

Mapeamento do uso da terra como subsídio a um plano de recuperação das áreas de preservação permanente no entorno da represa de Salto Grande - Americana - SP

Currently, the dam of Salto Grande is very degraded. Water quality is seriously amended, and lack of riparian vegetation, as well as the advance of feed crops and land occupation in areas that should be permanently preserved, only complicate this situation. The permanent preservation area is essential for the water sources protection, soil erosion control and consequent watercourse sedimentation. Through aerial photography, using GIS techniques, it was able to identify the outwards bounds of the dam, to demarcate the permanent preservation areas and generate maps for land use. With this data, in addition to studies and ideas of reforestation in different environments, the development of a plan for restoration of degraded areas surrounding the dam is easier to be done. This study confirmed that about 72% of land use in permanent preservation areas is not in accordance with specific laws, making necessary its recovering.

População e áreas de risco: o caso das inundações na área central de São José do Rio Preto-SP

The problem of flooding in urban areas exist in many cities and their causes are as varied as the areas of occupancy or Valley weatherproofing Fund areas of infiltration in the drainage basin. The anthropic activity come triggering changes and impacts on the environment for a long time, and there is a growing need to come up with solutions and strategies that minimize and reverse the effects caused these risk areas. Thus, the present work will address the case study in São José do Rio Preto-SP that is an exception, since the area that is considered of risk lies in the Centre, unlike most lying on the outskirts. This will also analyze the processes of urban expansion and the situations of social and environmental vulnerability, including their interrelations in urban scale. The physical study of the area will serve as an important basis for the work, but it will focus mainly on the population and the problems which this is being in hazardous areas. We will not join a single methodology, wharever, we will follow our knowledge to adapt what we feel that fits better, every time. The importance of this study is that in addition to identifying the problems which the local population suffers with floods, lists measures that minimize the environmental impacts arising through the fostering of public policies

Ocorrência de evento climático extremo na cidade de Rio Claro-SP: episódio 24 e 25 de fevereiro de 2010

This work focuses on the analysis of extreme precipitation episode in the city of Rio Claro, held on 24 and 25 February 2010, which caused severe impacts to society, and a victim of drowning due to flooding due to flood in urban stream. Although the temporal concentration of summer rainfall is characteristic of tropical climatic regimes, each year there are issues of social and environmental impacts deflagrated by precipitation events in the city. These findings reinforce the importance of analyzing atmospheric conditions correlated to change in space usage

Efeitos da ocupação e uso da terra na bacia do córrego da Servidão, no cenário de 1995-2006

Urban sprawl developed without adequate urban planning and lack of knowledge about the physical characteristics of an environmental system, results in soil sealing and consequent change in the dynamics of hydrological watershed. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the behavior of the runoff basin Cóorego DA Servidão located in Rio Claro, referring to the year of 1995 compared to the scenario of 2006, compared the different features of urban use logged area. Therefore understanding the dynamics of the flow was possible through the use of software IPHS 1 that allowed through hydrologic models to evaluate the behavior of the surface area investigated, using Spring 4.3.3 software which enabled the classification of land use and software ArcGis 9.3 which was used for the quantification of stretches of water, separated from those that are channeled and those who did not suffer interference from the pipe

Proposta de criação de um Parque Natural Municipal no entorno no bairro Mãe Preta em Rio Claro - SP

This study aims to identify the environmental and social elements that should underpin the creation of a Municipal Natural Park in accordance with Law 9985/2000, establishing the SISTEMA NACIONAL DE UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO ( SNUC ) . The northeast sector of the city of Rio Claro - SP , envolving, among others , the neighborhood Mãe Preta, the most significant of the site is consolidated as an area of significant environmental value for the consolidation of a conservation area . The proposed establishment of this unit has been discussed since the beginning of this year by Secretaria Municipal de Planejamento, Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente de Rio Claro- SP (SEPLADEMA ) and meets the Municipal Director Plan that provides for the establishment of several protected areas in the City . The study area suffers severe pressure due to peripheral urbanization and characterized environmental fragility according to numerous studies by researchers at UNESP, Rio Claro - SP and research in situ. Stand out in soils susceptible to sheet erosion area, the presence of a large proportion of gully area subject to flooding and significant breeding capitation water for public supply

Patrimônio natural e cultural em uma área de expansão urbana: o caso da Granja Carolina - Cotia/Itapevi - SP

El objectivo del trabajo fue analisar los impactos ambientales y sociales de las politicas publicas y de la especulación imobiliária sobre las áreas remanescientes de la vegetación nativa en la Granja Carolina. Con base en la definición del Património Cultural y Património Natural, fue abordado el proceso de formación desa región oeste de la metrópole, especificamente en lo entorno de la Granja Carolina situada entre los municipios de Cotia y Itapevi. La identificación deses problemas y la realización de un estudio sobre el modelo de la ocupación y el uso de lo solo urbano permitiu identificar su grau de vulnerabilidad a los impactos traydos por la expansión urbana. Para lo entendimiento de tais cuestiones analisamos lo proyecto y lo EIA/RIMA de um empreendimiento imobiliario que si pretendia instalar em la área de estúdio. Entendese también que el planejamiento territorial debe conter el debate sobre la protección del Património Cultural y Natural, cuestiones también pertinentes em el campo de la Geografía

Análise da dinâmica do uso da terra e sua interferência em enchentes na área urbana do município de Americana (SP)

Due to an intense process of population growth and urban density in Americana (SP), mainly due to the development of the local textile industry after 1970, there was, concomitant to the occupation of the margin of rivers and streams, soil sealing that increased the level of superficial runoff, triggering frequent floods. Based on the analysis of these processes we investigate the conditions of one densely urbanized area of the county, the Córrego do Parque, in three time series, 1977, 1996 and 2008. Taking as the starting the characterization and spatial distribution of landscape physiography, we prepared thematic letters and synthetic maps digital scale 1:10,000 from photointerpretation of aeroframes. The thematic maps were produced by scanning with subsequent edition using the software Auto-Cad Map. Checking the data and of geographic coordinates with GPS (Global Positioning System). Regarding land use classes, we used the description of the Soil Conservation Service (1975) which allowed us to get the Curve Number parameter, which will be used in hydrologic modeling for verification of flooding (Tucci, 1989). For the process of hydrologic modeling, we used models based on Methodology Object Oriented Modeling Applied to Water Resource Systems, Viegas Filho (1999), using the computer program called IPHS1, which uses models of the Soil Conservation Service (SCS , 2004), for conversion of rainfall-runoff and the spread of excessive rain. The results indicate that increased waterproofing generated by the change in use and occupation over the past decades promoted the increased surface runoff and drainage system overload, increasing the intensity of floods

Análise das alterações temporais dos fragmentos de vegetação no centro experimental do Instituto Agronômico, Campinas, utilizando técnicas de sensoriamento remoto e geoprocessamento

O presente estudo tem como objetivo principal realizar um levantamento temporal das áreas de vegetação no Centro Experimental de Campinas (CEC), uma fazenda de propriedade do Instituto Agronômico (IAC), a partir de técnicas de geoprocessamento e fotointerpretação. O local de estudo situa-se no município de Campinas - SP, e a área em questão foi escolhida por estar situada dentro de uma propriedade do estado e por apresentar uma grande mudança histórica no que diz respeito à vegetação. Também por que, apesar de ser um centro de experimentação agrícola, esse estudo demonstrara como num intervalo de quarenta anos a consciência ecológica muda radicalmente dentro do Centro. Para a realização deste trabalho, foram utilizadas fotografias aéreas digitais da fazenda dos vôos referentes aos anos de 1964, 1972 e 2002, todas de propriedade do acervo do Laboratório de Geoprocessamento do Centro de Conservação dos Solos do IAC. Alem da foto de satélite da fazenda obtida no software Google Earth, com data de 2006. Analisando imagens e mapas, observou-se como a área vegetada aumentou no Centro Experimental de Campinas nesse intervalo de quarenta e dois anos, passando de 7,55% (52.383 ha) em 1964 para 34,13% (236,497 ha) da área total do centro em 2006. Também pode-se ver que hoje há uma preocupação muito grande com a manutenção e conservação dessas matas.