Modelling and optimization of the ion exchange membrane bioreactor for removal of anionic pollutants from drinking water streams

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Doutor em Engenharia Química, especialidade de Engenharia Bioquímica

Relations entre le style parental, le style parental alimentaire et les pratiques alimentaires de la mère et les comportements alimentaires de l’enfant québécois d’âge préscolaire

Le surpoids (embonpoint et obésité) chez l’enfant est un problème préoccupant qui prend de plus en plus d’ampleur. Le rôle du parent dans cette problématique est prédominant, puisqu’il assure la disponibilité des aliments, choisit les mets présentés, joue le rôle de modèle dans l’acte alimentaire et interagit avec l’enfant durant les prises alimentaires pour guider son comportement alimentaire. Le parent offre et façonne l’environnement dans lequel évolue l’enfant. Cette thèse explore le rôle de la mère dans cet environnement. Le parent utilise diverses pratiques alimentaires pour guider l’alimentation de l’enfant. Certaines sont douces, comme encourager positivement l’enfant à essayer un aliment (ex. Goûtes-y, moi je trouve ça très bon!) et d’autres plus coercitives (ex. Tu ne sors pas de table sans avoir terminé ton assiette). Les interactions parent-enfant lors de la prise alimentaire sont susceptibles d’avoir différentes conséquences sur l’alimentation de l’enfant, modifiant possiblement les apports alimentaires, les préférences, la néophobie et le statut pondéral. Les interactions parent-enfant en général, donc hors du contexte précis de l’alimentation, peuvent aussi influencer les comportements alimentaires de l’enfant. L’objectif général de cette thèse est d’explorer les relations entre les interactions parent-enfant en général, aussi nommées « styles parentaux » (SP), les interactions parent-enfant dans le contexte alimentaire, portant le nom de «styles parentaux alimentaires» (SPA), les stratégies alimentaires utilisées par les parents pour guider l’alimentation de l’enfant, nommées « pratiques alimentaires parentales » (PAP), les comportements alimentaires de l’enfant et le statut pondéral de ce dernier. Cette thèse comprend 4 objectifs spécifiques. D’abord, d’examiner les relations entre les SP, les SPA et les PAP. Dans un deuxième temps, les relations entre les SPA, le comportement alimentaire de l’enfant (préférence et fréquence de consommation) et le statut pondéral de l’enfant seront explorées. Puis, l’existence de relations entre l’usage de PAP et le comportement alimentaire de l’enfant sera évaluée. Finalement, les relations entre les attitudes de la mère à l’égard de son poids et de celui de son enfant et du comportement néophobique de l’enfant seront explorées. Cent vingt-deux mères d’enfants d’âge préscolaire, de 3 à 5 ans, ont été recrutées par des milieux de garde de l’île de Montréal et ont complété et retourné un questionnaire auto-administré portant sur le style parental, style parental alimentaire, les PAP, les fréquences de consommation de l’enfant, les préférences de l’enfant pour certains aliments et groupe d’aliments, la néophobie de l’enfant, le poids et la taille de l’enfant, le régime actuel de la mère, la perception du poids de l’enfant, la préoccupation face au poids de l’enfant ainsi que la description du profil familial. Les SP, les SPA et les PAP montrent des corrélations. Les SPA, plus particulièrement les deux échelles qui les composent (exigence et sensibilité) montrent des corrélations avec la consommation et la préférence pour certains aliments. Des différences sont aussi notées entre les différents SPA et le statut pondéral de l’enfant et certains comportements alimentaires. La présente thèse suggère une implication de trois concepts, soient les SP, les SPA et les PAP, dans la dynamique alimentaire de la dyade mère-enfant. Des relations importantes entre les SPA et les préférences alimentaires sont suggérées. Les futures recherches dans ce domaine devront évaluer l’impact relatif des PAP, des SP et des SPA sur le comportement alimentaire (consommation et préférence) et le poids de l’enfant. Une intervention efficace visant des changements de comportements alimentaires auprès des familles devra adresser à la fois les PAP, mais aussi les SP et les SPA.

Optimal Methodology for Synchronized Scheduling of Parallel Station Assembly with Air Transportation

We present an optimal methodology for synchronized scheduling of production assembly with air transportation to achieve accurate delivery with minimized cost in consumer electronics supply chain (CESC). This problem was motivated by a major PC manufacturer in consumer electronics industry, where it is required to schedule the delivery requirements to meet the customer needs in different parts of South East Asia. The overall problem is decomposed into two sub-problems which consist of an air transportation allocation problem and an assembly scheduling problem. The air transportation allocation problem is formulated as a Linear Programming Problem with earliness tardiness penalties for job orders. For the assembly scheduling problem, it is basically required to sequence the job orders on the assembly stations to minimize their waiting times before they are shipped by flights to their destinations. Hence the second sub-problem is modelled as a scheduling problem with earliness penalties. The earliness penalties are assumed to be independent of the job orders.

Género y pesca en el México indígena Implicaciones para la política ambiental

The gender, environment, and development approach proposes the study of women’s rights and obligations toward natural resources, as well as institutions and property relations that govern the access to such resources within specifi c socio-environmental contexts. From this viewpoint, this paper studies the fi shing activities of native women and men from Veracruz, Mexico, focusing on two processes: the gender construction of the fi shing arts and the gender socialization in fi shing activities. This paper shows that both processes make women specialize in certain water resources, which are important to securing feeding to their communities. An environmental policy with a gender perspective will be able to visualize woman roles in food provisioning, and to strengthen their control over the resources they currently manage, based on the environmental knowledge women have about them.

A safety evaluation of genetically modified feedstuffs for livestock production; the fate of transgenic DNA and proteins

dTwo genetic constructs used to confer improved agronomic characteristics, namely herbicide tolerance (HT) in maize and soyabean and insect resistance (Bt) in maize, are considered in respect of feeding to farm livestock, animal performance and the nutritional value and safety of animal products. A review of nucleic acid (DNA) and protein digestion in farm livestock concludes that the frequency of intact transgenic DNA and proteins of GM and non-GM crops being absorbed is minimal/non existent, although there is some evidence of the presence of short fragments of rubisco DNA of non-GM soya in animal tissues. It has been established that feed processing (especially heat) prior to feeding causes significant disruption of plant DNA. Studies with ruminant and non-ruminant farm livestock offered GM feeds demonstrated that animal performance and product composition are unaffected and that there is no evidence of transgenic DNA or proteins of current GM in the products of animals consuming such feeds. On this evidence, current HT and Bt constructs represent no threat to the health of animals, or humans consuming the products of such animals. However as new GM constructs become available it will be necessary to subject these to rigorous evaluation.

The impact of substituting SFA in dairy products with MUFA or PUFA on CVD risk: evidence from human intervention studies

With the substantial economic and social burden of CVD, the need to modify diet and lifestyle factors to reduce risk has become increasingly important. Milk and dairy products, being one of the main contributors to SFA intake in the UK, are a potential target for dietary SFA reduction. Supplementation of the dairy cow's diet with a source of MUFA or PUFA may have beneficial effects on consumers' CVD risk by partially replacing milk SFA, thus reducing entry of SFA into the food chain. A total of nine chronic human intervention studies have used dairy products, modified through bovine feeding, to establish their effect on CVD risk markers. Of these studies, the majority utilised modified butter as their primary test product and used changes in blood cholesterol concentrations as their main risk marker. Of the eight studies that measured blood cholesterol, four reported a significant reduction in total and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) following chronic consumption of modified milk and dairy products. Data from one study suggested that a significant reduction in LDL-C could be achieved in both the healthy and hypercholesterolaemic population. Thus, evidence from these studies suggests that consumption of milk and dairy products with modified fatty acid composition, compared with milk and dairy products of typical milk fat composition, may be beneficial to CVD risk in healthy and hypercholesterolaemic individuals. However, current evidence is insufficient and further work is needed to investigate the complex role of milk and cheese in CVD risk and explore the use of novel markers of CVD risk.

A molecular, morphological and cytological investigation of the identity of non-native Ludwigia (Onagraceae) populations in Britain

A combined molecular, morphological and cytological analysis was used to study the identity and number of species of Ludwigia section Oligospermum occurring in British waterways. Only one taxon was identified for which the name L. grandiflora subsp. hexapetala (Hook. & Arn.) G.L. Nesom & Kartesz is preferred. A chromosome count of 2n = 80 was made for all plants tested and DNA evidence demonstrates that at least two clones are present in Britain. Morphological characters to differentiate L.grandiflora subsp. hexapetala and L. peploides subsp. montevidensis (Spreng.) P.H. Raven are provided. Though the production of fruit in Britain by apparently isolated populations is noted, repeated introduction into the wild from gardens is judged to be primarily responsible for the British distribution of the taxon. Legislative implications are considered and an amendment to Schedule 9 of the UK Wildlife and Countryside Act (1981) is strongly advocated.

Gestão de projetos em uma empresa pública: uma prática rumo à flexibilização : discurso ou realidade?

o presente trabalho é um estudo de caso que tem por objetivo avaliar se a implementação da prática empresarial Gestão de Projetos na empresa pública Dataprev - Empresa de Tecnologia e Informações da Previdência Social, avançou rumo à flexibilização organizacional. Demandas do contexto governamental e previdenciário na direção da adoção de modelo de gestão que viesse a privilegiar a flexibilidade organizacional na administração pública contribuíram para que, em junho de 2000, a Dataprev desse início à implementação da prática Gestão de Projetos, visando alavancar e sedimentar gestão orientada a resultados voltados, principalmente, à qualidade e prontidão dos serviços/produtos. o estudo em questão foi realizado por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, levantamento documental e aplicação de questionário em gerentes patrocinadores e líderes dos projetos cadastrados no Sistema Gestão de Projetos da Empresa, no período de junho de 2000 a julho de 2003. o questionário aplicado abordou seis aspectos considerados críticos para avaliação do nível de maturidade da Gestão de Projetos segundo adaptação ao modelo de maturidade de Harold Kerzner, na direção de uma prática bem sucedida que considera como resultados competitivos prazo, custo e qualidade. Os fatores abordados e que dão sustentação a essa prática são apoio gerencial, cultura, metodologia/processos, tecnologia/ferramenta e capacitação. Considerando que o desempenho dos projetos na Dataprev, no que diz respeito ao cumprimento de prazos, não atingiu patamares elevados, impactando tanto na qualidade, quanto nos custos, e tendo em vista a ocorrência de situações próprias da gestão pública, na qual prevaleceu a descontinuidade administrativa, devido a sucessivas mudanças na direção da Empresa, limitações orçamentárias prejudicando os investimentos necessários, a cultura com predominância de relações hierárquicas e departamentalizadas e a pouca visão estratégica com foco em resultados e alinhamento às necessidades do cliente, pode-se dizer que a Dataprev avançou pouco rumo à flexibilização. Na percepção dos respondentes ao questionário há. evidências de que, quanto ao nível de maturidade, a empresa está saindo da fase embrionária para, agora, iniciar o seu processo de crescimento. Apesar de ter sido inovadora ao elaborar uma metodologia e construir uma ferramenta própria de planejamento, acompanhamento e avaliação dos projetos, não foi suficiente para garantir resultados mais exitosos. Na ausência das condições necessárias para dar sustentação à gestão tais como o necessário comprometimento por parte dos patrocinadores, de cultura voltada para a responsabilização e compartilhamento e investimento na capacitação de seus profissionais, prevaleceu por meio do controle na execução dos projetos, a cultura da nonna e do poder, reforçando posturas próprias do modelo tecnoburocrático. Hoje percebe-se na empresa que essas condições facilitadoras estão mais asseguradas, o que já torna possível a transformação do discurso em realidade e remete a uma reflexão de que Gestão de Projetos e Flexibilização Organizacional são interdependentes e, portanto, devem caminhar juntas para o alcance da eficácia organizacional. Do discurso à realidade. Atualmente a Dataprev encontra-se em processo de mudança implantando escritório de projetos, estrutura horizontalizada em uma das diretorias e construindo o seu Planejamento Estratégico Participativo 2004/2007.

Uso de bandejas de alimentação na fase de engorda do camarão-da-Amazônia Macrobrachium amazonicum (HELLER, 1862)

The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the hypothesis that the M. amazonicum prawns accept feeding in trays. Six ponds were stocked with 10 juveniles II (1.2 +/- 0.7 g) per m(2) in 02/14/2003. An entirely randomized experimental design with 2 treatments (feeding in trays or feeding to the throw) and 3 replicates was used. Prawn average weight, survival, productivity, and physical and chemical variables of the water were compared between treatments using "t" test of Student. Average weight, survival and productivity were, respectively, 7.2 +/- 0.3 g, 46.8 +/- 7.8% and 335 +/- 45 kg/ha in feeding tray treatment and 6.8 +/- 0.1 g, 85.8 +/- 5.2% and 586 +/- 42 kg/ha in feed to the throw treatment. Survival and productivity differed significantly (p<0.5), while that average weight didn't differ significantly. M. amazonicum needs to use further number of trays per area, possibly due to territorial and aggressive behavior.

Estratégia de escalonamento de controladores PID baseado em regras Fuzzy para redes industriais foundation fieldbus usando blocos padrões

The main objective of work is to show procedures to implement intelligent control strategies. This strategies are based on fuzzy scheduling of PID controllers, by using only standard function blocks of this technology. Then, the standardization of Foundation Fieldbus is kept. It was developed an environment to do the necessary tests, it validates the propose. This environment is hybrid, it has a real module (the fieldbus) and a simulated module (the process), although the control signals and measurement are real. Then, it is possible to develop controllers projects. In this work, a fuzzy supervisor was developed to schedule a network of PID controller for a non-linear plant. Analyzing its performance results to the control and regulation problem

População protozoários ciliados e degradabilidade ruminal em búfalos e bovinos zebuínos sob dieta à base de cana-de-açúcar

Três búfalos e três bovinos zebuínos adultos com cânulas ruminais foram alimentados à vontade com dieta de cana-de-açúcar fresca e picada, suplementada com 3 kg de concentrado/animal, durante 13 semanas. Após duas semanas de adaptação, amostras do conteúdo ruminal foram coletadas semanalmente, em dois tempos de amostragem: antes da alimentação e 40 minutos após para determinação da concentração e composição da fauna ruminal. Na quinta semana do experimento, os conteúdos ruminais foram misturados e reinoculados entre animais de mesma espécie e, na última semana, estimadas as degradabilidades in situ da MS, PB e FDN da cana-de-açúcar e MS e PB do concentrado. A concentração média de protozoários foi maior em bovinos, de 4,85 x 10(5)/mL, que em búfalos, de 3,82 x 10(5)/mL. As composições genéricas para Entodinium e subfamília Diplodiniinae foram 79,2 e 6,2% em bovinos e 32,0 e 54,9% em búfalos, respectivamente. Não houve interação significativa entre espécies animais e tempo de amostragem. Houve aumento da concentração média dos holotricos após 40 minutos da alimentação. As degradabilidades efetivas dos nutrientes estudados foram semelhantes entre as duas espécies animais, observando-se diferenças na cinética da degradação. Concluiu-se que os búfalos apresentaram menor concentração de ciliados no rúmen, maior composição de Diplodiniinae e menor de Entodinium que os bovinos; os holotricos exibiram capacidade de migração e seqüestro no rúmen em ambas as espécies; e as diferenças na fauna ruminal não influenciaram a degradabilidade efetiva dos nutrientes da cana-de-açúcar e do concentrado.

Condutividade elétrica da solução nutritiva e acúmulo de macro e micronutrientes no cultivo de crisântemo

The study of growth and uptake of nutrients is important to determine the times of increased demand in order to schedule the fertigation. The present research was developed with the objective of evaluating the effects of different levels of electrical conductivity on growth and accumulation of nutrients in chrysanthemum plants under greenhouse conditions. The electrical conductivity levels on the applied solution were 1.42, 1.65, 1.89, 2.13 and 2.36 dS m-1 (bud vegetative stage); 1.71, 1.97, 2.28, 2.57 and 2.85 dS m-1 (bud stage). The dry mass of the aerial portion of the plant and the contents of macronutrients and micronutrients were determined every 14 days. The nutrient accumulation in chrysanthemum plant showed similar trend as compared to dry matter accumulation. The nutrients presented the following order of absorption: K>N>Ca>Mg>P>S (1425, 892, 184, 150, 110 and 59 mg plant-1) and Fe>Zn>B>Mn>Cu (2254, 2219, 1725, 1287, 210 μg plant-1). The content of most nutrients increased with increase in electrical conductivity of the solution, without salt effect up to EC of 2.85 dS m-1.

Produção de xilanases por Aspergillus niger utilizando planejamento experimental: purificação de xilanase

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Métodos de muda forçada para codornas japonesas (Coturnix japonica)

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Modelo de previsão e controle da podridão floral dos citrus causada por Colletotrichum acutatum

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)