750 resultados para Espacio público urbano


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Resumen tomado de la revista. El título de este artículo es El (o)caso de la sociología de la educación en tiempos neoliberales: privatización del espacio público y reconversión intelectual. Este artículo pertenece al monográfico: La sociología de la educación: balance y perspectivas

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Monográfico con el título: 'Las TIC en la educación obligatoria: de la teoría a la política y la práctica'. Resumen basado en el de la publicación

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Monográfico con el título: los múltiples usos de PISA

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Quito presenta en su estructura una trama yuxtapuesta de realidades sincrónicas: la ciudad quimérica con pedazos del ayer y hoy que se entremezclan y persisten en vestigios que reflejan el poder constructivo de la urbe; la ciudad transhumante, cuya vocación representativa e integradora recupera la identidad colectiva, a partir de relatos y memorias, y la ciudad real donde se articula el imaginario colectivo sobre el acontecer local y nacional. A partir de determinadas coyunturas políticas de la última década, el estudio propone una reflexión sobre la ciudad de Quito tomando como referencia tres lugares: la Tribuna de los Shyris, la Plaza de Santo Domingo y la Tribuna del Sur. Desde esta muestra, el estudio identifica espacios de reapropiación y resignificación que permiten tender puentes y crear redes de articulación entre el norte, centro y sur de la urbe. Los espacios que antes eran el marco escenográfico donde la sociedad se desenvolvía, como parte de su cotidianidad, ahora son retomados como elementos centrales para superar la realidad física en la proyección de la identidad.

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Este libro indaga sobre tres niveles discursivos que se interrelacionan entre sí: la ciudad quimérica (la ciudad de los recuerdos), la ciudad trashumante (el lenguaje de los usos citadinos contemporáneos) y la ciudad real (el lenguaje de la política y de la participación ciudadana) en tres espacios: la Tribuna de los Shyris, la Plaza de Santo Domingo y la Tribuna del Sur. El primer capítulo, «Ciudad quimérica», explora los distintos cambios históricos, demográficos, sociales y políticos de los tres espacios que representan el norte, centro y sur de la urbe, cuyos contrastes y diferencias están determinados por sus luchas históricas. El capítulo 2, «Ciudad trashumante», se detiene en las dinámicas sociales y culturales con el análisis de las prácticas de los actores urbanos y sus distintas maneras de ocupación y representación. El capítulo 3, «Ciudad real», describe los diversos actos de participación social y protestas populares que en la década 1997-2007 terminaron con el derrocamiento de tres gobiernos: Quito como espacio de la protesta y sitio estratégico para mirar lo nacional. Esta investigación muestra que, a través de estas prácticas políticas, los habitantes trascienden los esquemas urbanos, tienden puentes y diseñan estrategias colectivas que convierten los espacios públicos en lugares de circulación social, donde se generan dinámicas de significación espacial (lugares) y formas de participación e interacción social.

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A finales del siglo XX, se asiste a una nueva etapa del desarrollo de la estética urbana, marcada por la aplicación y presencia de las nuevas tecnologías y la aparición de nuevos agentes sociales como el escritor de grafiti, el artista de la calle o el activista contracultural. El grafiti, entendido como práctica cultural tradicionalmente urbana, se encuentra sujeto a las transformaciones que manifiestan la sociedad y el espacio de la ciudad, adaptándose continuamente y desde diferentes formatos a la realidad social. En esta práctica se observa un modo de reafirmar identidades, criticar y proponer proyectos de ciudad posibles. Además, las intervenciones de calle producidas por escritores de grafiti, artistas urbanos o activistas culturales, sociales y políticos contribuyen a la construcción y definición de la imagen pública de una determinada área urbana, subrayando o alterando la imagen tradicional de dichos espacios. En esa línea de ideas, la investigación analizará el graffiti en los aspectos correspondientes a los actores que ejecutan las intervenciones, el contexto político y coyuntural en el que nacen estas iniciativas, el contenido visual y lingüístico de los mismos, así como el espacio geográfico en el que se plasman, entendiendo que cada uno de ellos brinda una espesor interpretativo que enriquece el trabajo desarrollado. Por lo tanto, el estudio del grafiti en la ciudad de Quito es relevante en cuanto permite evaluar, en términos cualitativos: la vitalidad ciudadana del área metropolitana, la pluralidad de sus agentes culturales, sus pretensiones, su carácter crítico, su nivel de pensamiento y formación, el grado de conciencia y participación en la transformación social.

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This article is a case study of the emergence of the intellectual in Spanish American: the trajectory of Alfonso Reyes. In Latin America modernity and the beginnings of the 20th Century contributed to circumstances and historical processes that permitted the 19th Century literates to progressively transform into intellectual: to be exact a ‘transitional intellectual’. This study looks at some of the dynamics that validated the intellectual as a new social actor during the period studied. The public visibility as it was never before, placed thinkers, and the use of means of communication of the time and the cultural elements like books and magazines, allowing that they be turned into public figures and to obtain some of their objectives.

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Essa dissertação analisa o potencial de medidas de gerenciamento da demanda no transporte coletivo por ônibus urbano, com foco na tarifa diferenciada por hora do dia. A simultaneidade temporal e espacial das atividades determina picos de demanda por transportes em certos horários do dia, causando congestionamento nas vias e sobrecarga nos transportes coletivos. Neste contexto, o transporte coletivo desempenha importante papel, uma vez que se constitui como único meio de transporte para grande parte da população, além de ser a alternativa mais sustentável para as viagens motorizadas. A conveniência de uma distribuição mais uniforme da demanda por viagens decorre das perdas provocadas pelo congestionamento e do desperdício de recursos que representa a capacidade ociosa do transporte coletivo e do sistema viário urbano nos horários de baixa demanda. Políticas de gerenciamento da demanda por transportes visando diluir os picos são aplicadas com fteqüência em grandes centros urbanos e, entre as medidas que atuam diretamente sobre a demanda por transporte coletivo, destacam-se as políticas tarifárias, programas de horário de trabalho flexível, escalonado, com semana comprimida ou teletrabalho, e, também, melhorias dos níveis de serviço. Tarifa diferenciada por hora do dia no transporte público é prática corrente em diversos países. Com o objetivo de influenciar o usuário quanto à escolha do horário de viagem, adotam-se valores tarifários mais altos para as viagens realizadas nos períodos de pico e mais baixos fora do pico Essa estratégia busca atrair a demanda mais elástica para os horários em que o sistema é menos solicitado. A justificativa para a discriminação apóia-se no fato de que a excessiva concentração de usuários em poucas horas do dia é um dos fatores responsáveis pela elevação dos custos totais do sistema. O estudo de caso permitiu analisar, através de modelagem comportamental, a resposta da demanda do período de pico a políticas de diferenciação tarifária por hora do dia. A metodologia empregada mostrou-se adequada e os resultados encontrados permitem concluir que políticas que contemplem variações tarifárias em troca de alterações nos horários de início da viagem podem ser empregadas no contexto analisado. Ainda, verificou-se que os entrevistados aos quais é proposta a antecipação do horário de viagem são mais elásticos do que aqueles aos quais é proposta a postergação do horário de viagem.

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If urban planning is to support the equitable distribution of public goods and services, it must recognize and address the dismal condition of millions of poor people who are living in a city. The primary focus of contemporary planners and planning students should be on finding and advocating solutions that help eliminate the problems of today¿s cities. Any meaningful solution will need to be grounded in a thorough understanding of the social class inequities of citizens. With the rapid development of national economy and urbanization process in Brazil over the last two decades, the number of vehicles and their travels are dramatically increased. This is particularly evident in all large cities. Traffic congestion becomes more and more severe. Inadequate parking facilities often result in difficulty to find a parking space in large cities and many illegally parked vehicles can be seen on the crowed streets. These illegally parked vehicles further intensify traffic congestion and also pose a traffic safety hazard. The process of urbanization and motorization in Brazil is likely to continue in a rapid pace. The urban public passengers transport modes problems in large cities are likely to get even worse. There is an urgent need for the development of policy and criteria for public service of urban public passenger transport by bus in large cities. The purpose of survey is to develop policy guidelines for public transport services planning, design, construction and mobility management, that meet community needs for accessibility in large cities. So this thesis will present major comparative characteristics of urban mobility management, urban public passengers transport by bus services planning and the quality of social life in two towns of Brazil: Rio de Janeiro and Curitiba. The study case has been focused on Rio de Janeiro and Curitiba because of the major different results of the survey presented by the two cities. The objectives of this thesis are: a) to analyze and discus existing urban mobility related accessibility and economic development problems in large cities; b) to provide an overview of the relationship within city ¿ quality of social life ¿ urban mobility in Rio and Curitiba; c) to analyze and discuss existing urban mobility management related public transport services in Rio and Curitiba; d) to analyze and discuss existing quality of bus public transport services problems in Rio. Some preliminary recommendations for mobility management policies will also be presented.

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The use of Natural Gas Vehicle has had a fast increase lately. However, in order to have a continuous success this Program needs to develop converting devices of Otto-cycle engines, gasoline or alcohol, to the use of NGV (Natural Gas Vehicle) that presents low cost, maintaining the same original development of the vehicle and low level of emissions, considering the PROCONVE rules. Due to the need to diversify the matrix in order to avoid energetic dependence and due to strict pollution control, it has increased in the Brazilian market the number of vehicles converted to the use of NGV. The recent regulation of the PROCONVE, determining that the converted engines with kits should be submitted to emission testing, comes to reinforce the necessity of the proposed development. Therefore, if we can obtain kits with the characteristics already described, we can reach a major trust in the market and obtain an increase acceptance of the vehicle conversion for NGV. The use of natural gas as vehicle fuel presents several advantages in relation to liquid fuels. It is a vehicle fuel with fewer indexes of emissions when compared to diesel; their combustion gases are less harmful, with a major level of safety than liquid fuels and the market price is quite competitive. The preoccupation that emerges, and the motivation of this project, is to know which are the main justifications for such technology, well accepted in other countries, with a low index or emission, with a high level of safety, where its maintenance becomes low, reminding that for this it is necessary that this technology has to be used properly, and once available in the market will not motivate interest in the urban transportation companies in Brazil, in research centers in general. Therefore this project exists to show the society in a general way the current vision of the main governmental factors, of the national research centers and of the private companies concerning the use of natural gas vehicles in urban transport vehicles, in order to give a major reliability to the population as well as to motivate national market competitiveness with a low cost and reliable product and to enrich the national technology

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This thesis carries through an application of Analysis of Multicriterion Decision with use of the method of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in the problematic one of taking of decision of the adoption of electronic collecting in the system of urban transport in the country, a subject that has been controversial. A modeling of criteria and alternatives is carried through and applied a questionnaire based on method AHP the excellent actors in the system of urban transport - Leading of the Managing Agency Public Municipal theatre of Urban Transports, Controller of Company of Bus, Controller of Labor union, Controller of Union of Companies, Communitarian Leader. The considered alternatives were: the maintenance of the current state with collectors, the implementation of electronic collection without collectors, and the implementation of electronic collection with collectors. The used criteria were: job, impact in the fare, control of the system, easiness of use, information. The study was carried through in the city of Natal, RN, where if the adoption of electronic collection argues and where this implementation in some bus lines between Natal and Parnamirim exists, city that integrates the region of the great Natal. The main results of the method evidence in a dimension, the viability of use of method AHP with questionnaire by means of validation of the judgments with analysis of variance beyond proper the normal mechanisms of analysis of consistency to the method, and in another one, the contribution of the analysis boarding multicriterion to become the judgments more clearly. The main results of the analysis help to show that although to models of criteria and distinct judgments of the actors, the method evidenced that it has inclination the adoption of the electronic collection on the current situation, even so with divergences between the maintenance or not of the collector. The research points to the possibility of accomplishment of the application of the AHP in successive rounds of judgments

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Incluye bibliografía

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Incluye Bibliografía