879 resultados para Ensino da Física moderna e contemporânea


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Nesta dissertação buscou-se refletir sobre as dificuldades de professores e alunos com relação ao ensino e à prendizagem de Física no ensino médio (EM). Construída à luz da Teoria Antropológica do Didático de Yves Chevallard, esta dissertação teve por objetivo apontar caminhos para a construção de nova(s) praxeologia(s) que considerem a (re)ligação/articulação dos vários conteúdos de Física, principalmente os do primeiro ano do EM, com a Matemática, evocando particularmente os conceitos de proporcionalidade e a regra de três algebrizada, para auxiliar na compreensão dos fenômenos físicos observáveis no dia-a-dia. Por meio de entrevista semi estruturada com 5 (cinco) professores que lecionam Física no ensino médio, em São Miguel do Guamá, estado do Pará, buscou-se entender, que tipo de relação estes estabeleciam entre a Física e os conceitos de proporcionalidade e destes com os fenômenos físicos. Por meio da análise das entrevistas constatou-se que a articulação entre a Física e a Matemática, com a intenção de compreender os fenômenos físicos, não era comum na prática de ensino dos professores de Física no ensino médio.

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Este trabalho consiste de uma pesquisa narrativa autobiográfica em que realizei uma investigação sobre mudança na minha prática docente, a partir da seguinte questão norteadora: Que contribuições para a mudança na prática docente podem emergir de experiências vividas no contexto da docência de uma professora de Física no Ensino Médio? O estudo foi realizado com base em quatro experiências vividas na atuação docente: no Projeto Pré-Vestibular Solidário (PPVS), em uma escola da rede particular, em duas escolas da rede pública de ensino em Santarém-PA, e na prática pedagógica com o Ensino de Física Através de Temas (EFAT), a qual foi realizada em uma escola da rede estadual de ensino em Ananindeua-PA. Esta última experiência consistiu de um trabalho em cooperação com a professora praticante responsável pela turma de 32 ano noturno, em que foi realizada a prática. Como material de análise fiz uso das memórias de docência das três primeiras experiências e registros construídos a partir da experiência com o EFAT por meio de diários de aula produzidos por mim e pela professora praticante, relatos e depoimentos dos estudantes, além de entrevista com a professora. Interagi com esses materiais de análise no sentido de construir compreensões sobre o processo de mudança em minha prática, na perspectiva dos professores como agentes de mudança educacional, segundo Goodson (2008a, 2008b) e Fullan (2009), e trato de mudanças nas crenças e valores pessoais. Das análises construídas identifiquei como elementos de mudança: rupturas/reconstruções de modelos e concepções de processo ensino-aprendizagem, ser docente, ciência, conhecimento científico e dimensões formativas decorrentes do aprendizado em Física; os desafios referentes a complexidade do cotidiano na sala de aula, as incertezas da prática, a construção de uma relação dialógica com os estudantes, promover a motivação para o processo ensino-aprendizagem em Física, a busca da aprendizagem contínua, reconstrução do papel de professora e estudantes no processo ensino-aprendizagem, desenvolver a prática compartilhada, as dificuldades das condições de produção docente; a interação decorrente das trocas com colegas professores, e estudantes, que propiciaram a construção coletiva e compartilhada da prática, a construção de valores e atitudes como a confiança, receptividade, a flexibilidade; e o movimento interno que diz respeito a inquietação, insatisfação, o conflito relacionados aos modos de condução da prática docente, o olhar constante para si, além das crenças na mudança. Das análises realizadas concluo que a mudança na minha prática docente no ensino de Física tem relação com o modo como enfrentei os conflitos decorrentes dos distanciamentos entre a formação e atuação docente, uma vez que no decurso da formação são construídos modelos e concepções de ciência, docência, processo ensino-aprendizagem, dentre outros que se distanciam do fazer cotidiano nos contextos de atuação e que por vezes necessitam ser reconstruídos. Assim, a mudança na minha prática docente envolveu múltiplas dimensões, aprendizados contínuos, abertura ao diálogo, flexibilidade para construir e reconstruir crenças e valores, modos de ser e agir na docência.

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O trabalho em foco foi realizado com professores licenciados em Biologia que lecionam Física na disciplina Ciências Naturais. Apresenta alguns uestionamentos em torno do trabalho pedagógico desenvolvido por estes profissionais da educação para superar as dificuldades encontradas ao lecionarem aquela disciplina. Para subsidiar este estudo, analisei o currículo de licenciatura plena em Biologia de duas instituições de ensino superior, os erros conceituais nos livros didáticos e as relações que se estabelecem entre estes instrumentos, os Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais e os saberes docentes do professor de Ciências. Os subsídios teóricos que nortearam a investigação estão centrados nos pensamentos de Paulo Freire e sua prática libertadora de educar, na escola reflexiva de Isabel Alarcão, nas competências de Perrenoud, entre outros autores que fazem reflexões pistemológicas sobre a prática pedagógica, e Orlandi, que trata das análises do Discurso. Para compreender melhor o trabalho docente desenvolvido pelos professores sujeitos desta pesquisa, analiso por meio de observações, entrevistas e questionários como se constroem os saberes docentes na atuação deste profissional, haja vista que ele não é formado para o exercício pedagógico na disciplina de Física. Os dados encontrados nas vozes desses professores mostram neste modelo de pesquisa o quanto é importante saber ouvir, para sentir e avaliar as esperanças, as angústias e outros problemas que interferem ou auxiliam na prática educativa. O estudo revela alguns elementos que servem para analisar como os professores constroem e estruturam suas práticas pedagógicas, sejam elas reflexivas ou não, como estruturam seus pensamentos em relação ao ensino de Ciências, e quais as alternativas possíveis para uma melhoria na qualidade desta prática. Revelam também que os livros didáticos são instrumentos que sustentam a prática dos professores, sobretudo para os que insistem em ficar presos ao currículo estabelecido pelo sistema educacional, ou ao currículo da formação inicial. Concluo, finalmente, que muito precisa ser feito para melhorar a alfabetização científica docente, mas apesar disso, encontramos professores comprometidos com a própria formação profissional. A construção dos saberes docentes não estão centradas apenas no currículo de formação profissional, ou na leitura dos livros didáticos, nem tampouco nas estratégias pedagógicas, porém incluem-se a esses saberes a construção dos conhecimentos experimentados ou vividos ao longo de sua vida, aos saberes construídos na realidade social da qual participa o docente, da realidade do sistema escolar, do saber da experiência, enfim a construção se faz com todos os “arranjos” que a sociedade expõe o docente/educador acompanhado de reflexões crítico-analíticas.

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Pós-graduação em Educação para a Ciência - FC

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Here we present an exploratory study on the subject of Physics and Music, discussing how this issue is addressed in two high schools belonging to state education network in Rio Claro – SP city. Initially, we conducted a critical analysis of the books that are used as the main tool to support the teacher in the classroom. Alert this analysis , it is possible to realize low-level content when we bring the topic into the classroom. Based in this analysis and an experimental class that was held as part of the course Teaching Practice and Supervised , the Bachelor's Degree in Physical Activity - UNESP Campus Rio Claro was an elaborate educational proposal related to Physics Teaching and Music with a thematic strategy different from the traditional approach , considering the use of experiments built with low cost (Ferreira and Ramos , 2008) materials , which can be an alternative to improve the teaching learning process student , because these experiments stimulate and provide a more dynamic and closer interaction with the objects class. We also seek to study, in greater depth , aspects of wave physics, discussing how a wave propagates in a string with its two fixed ends , which besides being a subject that is usually covered in books , is a phenomenon that is present in string instruments

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We discuss in the work the importance of experiential activities for Physics Teaching in the first years at Elementary Education. For this we start from the experience provided by the Teaching Project Initiation under Pibid CAPES, linked to the Department of Education from the Institute of Biosciences and activities of the Graduate Diploma in Physics Supervised, at Rio Claro Campus, São Paulo State, in partnership with Basic Education schools of the city. Based on some patterns and studies on the Teaching of Science in Elementary Education and particularly in the Ferreira’s work with Instrumentation for Physics Teaching, Electrostatic was chosen as base theme. We opted for the use of didactic experiments that provided in its construction the utilization of low cost materials, easy access and portability. Teaching strategies were aimed at inserting experiential activities during Elementary School I (first and third years of elementary school), intending to rescue the trial of Physics Education and Science for Basic Education. These experimental teaching activities were analyzed in this paper from the perspective of playfulness. We argue that experimentation with recreational attributes when properly used provides the interaction of individuals with the knowledge of Physical Sciences

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This study presents the results of a study on the development of the concept of force and their possible applications in physics teaching. The historical study has focused on Aristotelian natural philosophy, medieval theories of strength in impressed and on classical Newtonian mechanics. The Newtonian concept of force was also an object lesson of physics analyzed in this study. In this lesson, conducted in a preuniversity course, spontaneous conceptions or alternative conceptions of students about the concept of force proved very entrenched, resulting in studies on the Model Change on Conceptual and epistemological obstacles in view Bachelardian. The theoretical frameworks adopted led us to trace parallels between spontaneous conceptions revealed by the students and some views about the concept of force found in the study of history. The results show that while some old conceptions have been replaced by scientifically Newtonian concept of force, they are still present in the students' ideas and resist to changes even after the study of Newton's laws. Like main result shows that the history of science can be a great ally for the deconstruction of alternative conceptions, particularly when these concepts were previously presented and overcome the course of history of the development of a concept

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This work was developed from a literature search in order to provide teachers of physics theoretical and methodological requirements for the use of experimentation in physics teaching, with the aim of contributing to the teaching practice of these teachers and, consequently, for improving teaching this discipline. Therefore, to deal in the course of this research, the goals and types of practical activities, new information and communication technologies that fit the experimental approaches and the role of the teacher in this context, specifying the variables that influence and relate with experimental activities. Studies are presented on the methodology and planning of experimental activities to draw attention to the teacher and the important issues relevant to the preparation of these activities as, for example, the proposed objectives and types of discourse and existing approaches for the conduct of practical activities. In this sense, the trend is highlighted for walks where the approach of practical activities, within the context of practices interactionist and are pointed out strengths and weaknesses of different types of activities presented. We also highlight aspects of the learning process associated with some theoretical reference that are on that subject, as Piaget, Vigotski and Ausubel, so that the teacher can apply the concepts in their theories worked in the practical lessons of physics

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Some experiments in Physics teaching have an amazing effect among the students, that is, generally be characterized by counteracting the initial expectations of students. This characteristic may contribute to the emergence of learning situations extremely promising. However, the privilege, by the teacher, the description of certain results shortens the involvement that the student could establish on teaching situations favor a more careful observation that can be done. We discuss in this paper, the that surprise may be manifested in the student on an experimental demonstration and its ability to mobilize the interest and curiosity of this student. We intend to observe the pedagogic value that represents the amazing effect such in situations of teaching and learning, particularly for the Teaching of Physics, as well as the possibilities for educational approaches.Through an extensive analysis of several authors who address about experimental learning activities, Epistemology of Science and Education, we found some results that lead us to understand some of the possibilities that the surprise element can propose. We describe a demonstration activity that we consider amazingly from our point of view and that was realized in a regular classroom in a of Rio Claro Public High School in the year of 2011

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When it comes to teaching physics in the early years of elementary school, the first question is: but there are opportunities to teach concepts to children of such complexity? This study sought to examine approaches and strategies to enter the Basic Education in Physics. To this end, we used low cost materials testing, taking as its starting point the work of Ferreira (1978) instrumentation for Teaching Physics, particularly with the theme electrostatics. The present study was made from the use of prototypes developed with the materials cited. Observations were made in the classroom looking for, from the records of teaching, analyzing the behavior of children and their arguments, possibilities for Physics Teaching this age group as well as some evidence of their cognitive development. In teaching discussions were held with students of the early years of elementary school involving conceptual and phenomenological aspects, adapting such knowledge at the level of logical and mathematical thinking that was still under development. The work shows that it is possible to work on electrostatic physical concepts with children belonging to the age group of nine to ten years. With the support of the group Pibid Physics city of Rio Claro, I realize my observations and practices at the Municipal School Marcelo Schmidt, which proved to be available and open for acceptance of this proposal

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The technological advances of recent decades combined with digital inc1usion in Brazil sparked the country's population to the constant use of computers to perform tasks in many different natures. Whether it's for communication, entertainment, work or school, computers are tools with increasing numbers in Brazilian homes. Along with this evolution the Brazilian Physics teaching should be aware of the use of teaching tools that relate directly to the computer to student learning. Highlighting in this work we have scanned the contents of the Wikipedia community, a wide variety of educational videos placed on YouTube, educational games that try to teach the player in a fun way and a variety educational softwares placed on the World Wide Web. It is with special attention to educational softwares as tools for teaching physics, which describe some strategies for use of these software, combined with the textbooks, to illustrate some ways to introduce the use of educational softwares directly in the classroom

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In this work, is discussed the importance of experimental activities in Education of Physics in Basic Education from the experience of Supervised Stage and the work with the Initiation of Teaching in the Program PIBID CAPES, in this case linked to the Department of Education of the Institute of Biosciences, Campus Rio Claro, São Paulo State, in partnership with three schools of basic education in the city. At first, based on the work of Ferreira with Instrumentation for Teaching Physics, consider the electrostatic theme. The focus is the searching for equipments constructed with low cost materials and easy access. Were developed and promoted strategies of the use of such materials in Physics’ Teaching, with a view to reintroducing experimental teaching activities in Public Basic Education, in the form Workshop Learning and Teaching of Physics, as well as lessons of Laboratory with the help of script and also in the form of an Experiments Library. These experimental activities were critically analyzed with a focus on playfulness. The focus of work in experimental activities for the Physics’ Teaching allowed to redeem, critically, didactic materials. From the standpoint of playfulness, playful moments and interaction of individuals with the knowledge that provides the experimental material when used strategically, they seem to be of great relevance to the Physics’ Teaching in Basic Education. It is possible to use experiments in Physics’ Teaching in public schools

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Here we present an exploratory study on the use of laboratory teaching in four schools of Basic Education in Rio Claro, SP, three of them high school and one of the second cycle of basic education, developed in the years 2011 and 2012, under activities of the course Prática de Ensino e Estágio Supervisionado, the Degree in Physics - UNESP, Rio Claro campus and work with Pibid (Projeto Institucional de Bolsa de Iniciação à Docência) in agreement UNESP CAPES Notice 2009. Initially, we diagnose the situation and identify the laboratories using them for Teaching Physics, from direct observation and contact with teachers. Based on the experimental realization of educational activities in such schools, we discuss different teaching strategies, and using experiments built with inexpensive materials (Ferreira and Ramos, 2008). We analyzed the role of the teaching laboratory in the development of skills and abilities of students, related to the teaching and learning of Physics, as well as aspects concerning the use of instructional laboratories

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Based on the ideas of Gaspar and Marandino, discuss the teaching of physics through Museums and Science Centers, drawing on ideas such as: Scientific Literacy, Informal Education and Zone of Proximal Development. We visited and analyzed the museums: Museum of Energy Rio Claro - Mill Park Corumbataí, Catavento Culture and Education - Social Organization of Culture, Centre for Scientific and Cultural (CDCC) and Studies Center of the Universe - CEU. Point out elements of these museums that benefit the formal teaching of physics in schools, as well as positive elements of schooling that maximize the experience of museum visits

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Na literatura da área de Ensino de Física encontramos diversos argumentos em defesa da inclusão, nos currículos escolares do Ensino Médio, de conteúdos de Física Moderna e Contemporânea. A Teoria da Relatividade Especial e Geral (ao lado da Mecânica Quântica) é um dos pilares da Física Moderna. Consideramos significativo e oportuno obter um panorama da produção acadêmica sobre o ensino e aprendizagem deste tópico. Nosso objetivo é sintetizar os avanços, as convergências e sinalizar perspectivas, com o intuito de contribuir para um avanço e defesa dos trabalhos futuros. Assim, procuramos resposta para a questão: Quais as contribuições da pesquisa em Ensino de Física para que a Teoria da Relatividade Especial e Geral (TREG) possa ser abordada no Ensino Médio?