Capacitação de profissionais da atenção primária à saúde para educação em Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: To present the proposal of educational workshops on diabetes and a strategy of evaluation aimed at upgrading the professionals' performance in primary care. Methods: The workshops were implemented using participatory methodology, play techniques, experiences, and group dynamics, involving the participation of 85 health professionals from Units of Primary Care, in the city of Belo Horizonte, MG. The knowledge about the disease and the skills required for self-care were measured by applying specific instruments. The workshops were evaluated based on the instrument: developed for that purpose. Results: There were limitations in the knowledge of professionals about pathophysiology and the disease's complementary tests. The workshops helped to awaken the potential of professionals (reflection, criticism and creativity) necessary to change the educational process. It was considered a pedagogical strategy, easy to understand, interactive and playful. Conclusions: The workshops contributed to the planning of the educational process and the structuring of an evaluation model of practices of health and education promotion in diabetes.

As percepções e os significados para os estagiários de educação física em relação à indisciplina na escola

This research investigated the perceptions and the meanings for the trainees of Physical Education regarding the indiscipline in the school. The methodology used was from qualitative nature, having as participants 16 students of a public course of Physical Education. The indiscipline was pointed by the trainees while a present problem in their practices and connected to different difficulties. Therefore, as methodological procedures more mentioned, appeared the blackmail, the agreements and the dialogue, being the school institution, outstanding while informative of the rules, of the rights and of the students' duties.

Desempenho de escolares de 1ª a 4ª série do ensino fundamental nas provas de habilidades metafonológicas e de leitura - PROHMELE

OBJETIVO: Elaborar uma bateria de provas que se propõe a avaliar o processamento de habilidades necessárias para a aquisição do sistema de escrita alfabético do Português do Brasil, e caracterizar e comparar o desempenho dos escolares de 1ª a 4ª série do ensino fundamental nas provas desta bateria. MÉTODOS: Foram elaboradas provas específicas para este fim, seguindo os princípios fonológicos da língua portuguesa do Brasil. Foram avaliados 120 escolares de 1ª a 4ª séries, sendo 30 de cada série escolar divididos em quatro grupos, respectivamente GI, GII, GIII e GIV. As provas elaboradas e aplicadas foram: prova de habilidades metafonológicas (identificação e manipulação de sílabas e fonemas, além de repetição de não-palavras); prova de leitura (leitura de palavras reais e de pseudopalavras). RESULTADOS: Houve diferenças estatisticamente significantes entre os grupos nas habilidades metafonológicas com as médias diminuindo da 1ª à 4ª série sucessivamente. Também houve diferenças quanto ao tempo de leitura de palavras reais e de pseudopalavras, com as médias diminuindo da 1ª à 3ª série, mantendo-se igual ou próximo entre esta e a 4ª série. CONCLUSÃO: Os desempenhos foram se tornando superiores da 1ª à 4ª série, sendo que os escolares obtiveram desempenhos superiores nas provas de identificação em relação às provas de manipulação, assim como os desempenhos nas provas silábicas foram superiores aos das provas fonêmicas. Há uma prevalência da rota fonológica nas séries iniciais (1ª e 2ª) com as outras séries, especialmente a 4ª, usando mais a rota lexical.

Survey on tuberculosis teaching in Brazilian nursing schools, 2004

OBJECTIVE: To characterise tuberculosis (TB) teaching in Brazilian nursing schools by state and region and its theoretical and practical contents. METHODOLOGY: In an educational research survey in 2004, 347 nursing schools were identified. Questionnaires were posted to faculties providing training in TB. Data were compiled in a database with a view to descriptive result analysis. Replies to the questionnaire were received by 32% of the nursing schools contacted. RESULTS: Undergraduate TB teaching is heterogeneous. For training in theory, the principle teaching method is through classes in 102 (91.9%) nursing schools. Practical TB teaching is carried out at the primary care level (89.2%). Teachers update their knowledge through events and internet; little reference is made to manuals. The time devoted to practical TB teaching ranges from 10 to 20 hours, although this is not always included in student training. CONCLUSION: Teaching in TB should go beyond the traditional model that focuses only on biological aspects. It should introduce tools that lead to permanent behavioural change, such as a more human approach and social and psychological aspects, such as living conditions, habits and customs. It should involve new partners, such as families, communities and other health professionals, and identify obstacles within the university. © 2006 The Union.

Arte e educação: re-construindo o presente

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Análise do conteúdo sobre saúde bucal no material didático de Ciências de 1ª a 4ª série de escolas de Ensino Fundamental de Araçatuba - SP

Pós-graduação em Odontologia Preventiva e Social - FOA

Cabeça, tronco e membros: a construção da héxis corporal de professores de educação física e suas relações com o cotidiano escolar

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Objetos de ensino: a renovação pedagógica e material da escola primária no Brasil, no século XX

This article aims at analyzing the role of the objects of learning in the propositions for innovation of primary schools during the 20th century, highlighting the changes in the composition of school subjects having in mind the objects that were introduced and marked out as relevant for school modernization and those that remained or were redefined in terms of their finality and uses. The examination of three significant moments of the implementation of innovations in the elementary school is intended: the modernization by the intuitive method at the turn of the century; the propositions of Escola Nova between the 1930s and the 1950s; and the renovation represented by educational technology in the 1960s and 1970s.

O espírito de horror à vida educativa nos campos: a educação rural paulista nas décadas de 1930 e 1940

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

A variação sócio-cultural e o ensino de língua portuguesa no ensino fundamental: por uma pedagogia sensivelmente cultural

This study aimed to gather information about the social and linguistic reality of students 1. years of elementary school and community that came, in order to identify aspects of their lexical phonological levels, morphological and morphosyntactic and thus identify and describe the alternative variants of non-standard rule. The methodology chosen was that of variational sociolinguistics addressing quantitative and qualitative aspects in the treatment of the data collected through participant observation and audio recordings of speeches of the students. The results indicate that the level of phonological variants are the most frequent in the speech of students. Because the literacy phase, how the student speaks serves you a guide to the act of writing, so it is necessary to work with the students the difference between oral and written form and monitoring of these two modes according to the context of the discourse

A visão dos professores quanto ao processo de ensino e de aprendizagem do basquetebol nas aulas de educação física: a realidade de Volta Redonda/RJ

The present study has as its main purpose the investigation of teachers'view concerning the teaching and learning of basketball in Physical Education classes in a school setting. The selected teachers who participated in this survey come from public and private institutions in the city of Volta Redonda, RJ, Brazil, teaching 6th-9th grade classes of elementary school. This was a quantitative and qualitative study with content analysis. Data collection included interviewing 60 teachers who provided their opinions on the issue investigated. Development of basketball was investigated not only as a content for the Physical Education classes, but also as a dimension that goes beyond school boundaries, where that sport plays an important role in society. Joint actions to provide the opportunity for basketball to grow as a content for Physical Education classes may represent a way to describe its implementation in all contexts, although the importance of this discipline in the school setting should not be disregarded in favor of obtaining results in sports competitions.

THE SOCIOECONOMIC AND DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERIZATION OF CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS WHO STUDY AND WORK OUTSIDE THEIR HOME

The objective of this study was to identify the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of children and adolescents who study and work outside their home. This non-experimental, correlational, cross-sectional study was performed using questionnaires applied to primary education students, enrolled in public schools in Ribeirao Preto (Brazil). Two schools were selected through a draw. Data analysis was performed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences, version 14.0. Of the 133 students who answered the questionnaire, 36 (27.7%) reported working outside their home, 20.6% were between 11 and 13 years of age, and 66.7% were male (p=0.000) and had started working early to help with the family income (p=0.003). The salary they received helped comprise the family income, and it was found that as the family income increased, the need for the youngsters to work was reduced. It was found that many factors contribute to these subjects' early start at work, including family size, structure and poverty.

A Reappraisal in Sao Paulo, Brazil (2008) of "The Ecology of Medical Care:" The "One Per Thousand's Rule"

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Medical ecology is a conceptual framework introduced in 1961 to describe the relationship and utilization of health care services by a given population. We applied this conception to individuals enrolled in a private health maintenance organization (HMO) in Sao Paulo, Brazil, with the aim of describing the utilization of primary health care, verifying the frequency of various symptoms, and identifying the roles of different health care sources. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional telephone survey among a random sample of people enrolled in a private HMO. We interviewed a random sample of non-pregnant adults over age 18 using 10 questions about symptoms and health care use during the month prior to interview. RESULTS: The final sample consisted of 1,065 participants (mean age 68 years, 68% female). From this sample, 424 (39.8%) reported the presence of symptoms, 311 (29.2%) had a medical office consult, 104 (9.8%) went directly to an emergency medical department, 63 (5.9%) were hospitalized, 22 (2.1%) used complementary medicine resources, seven (0.7%) were referred to home care, and one (0.1%) was admitted to an academic hospital. CONCLUSIONS: The proportion of study participants referred to an academic care center was similar to that observed in previous "medical ecology" studies in different populations.

Ações educativas em um Programa de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde

Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar e analisar as ações educativas realizadas por um Programa de Agentes Comunitários de Saúde de uma cidade do interior do estado de São Paulo, considerando as concepções pedagógicas e os aspectos intervenientes que aproximam e afastam a equipe da mudança de prática pretendida pelo programa. É uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com análise de conteúdo, modalidade temática. O estudo evidenciou que a concepção pedagógica predominante é a da transmissão de informações voltada para prevenção de doenças, embora existam algumas ações próximas da pedagogia participativa. A organização do trabalho e o vínculo com a população também interferem no trabalho educativo. Conclui-se que as ações educativas ainda são alicerçadas no preventivismo com desafios para promoção da saúde e carecem de investimentos em formação e na organização da rede assistencial.

Por uma disciplina rigorosa e ilustrada: a inspeção na capital do império

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar os procedimentos manejados na fiscalização de professores primários, por meio do estudo a respeito do serviço de inspeção da instrução na Corte Imperial, a partir de sua institucionalização com base no Regulamento da Instrução Primária e Secundária da Corte em 1854. Na pesquisa procurou-se discutir como a visibilidade dada à escola e aos seus atores, via inspeção, permitiram inseri-los em um esquema disciplinar, cujos efeitos encontram-se articulados e justificados em nome de um projeto de ordenação e civilização da capital do Império brasileiro.