Utilização de gonadotropina coriônica equina em protocolos de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo em bovinos de corte

Current cattlemen must seek methods to maximum reproductive efficiency of their beef herds, making the business competitive and enhancing greater profitability. For the cow-calf producers, efficiency translates into more cows producing one calf every year. Fixed-time artificial insemination (TAI) is one of several technologies that producers utilize to reach this goal. Postpartum anestrus is one of the biggest obstacles to overcome in order to obtain suitable results at the end of the breeding season. The TAI protocols are efficient in re-establishing cyclicity in noncycling cows during the postpartum period, streamlining the use of labor on farms, allowing the use of artificial insemination (AI) on a large scale, and introducing superior genetics to the herd. The protocols that are most commonly used in Brazil are based on progesterone (P4) releasing devices that prevent premature estrus and ovulation; and estradiol (E2) to synchronize the initiation of a new follicular wave. In such protocols, administration of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) helps the development of the follicle, increases ovulation rate, improves the endocrine and uterine environment during proestrus and diestrus, and improves fertility. The use of eCG in TAI protocols for suckled cows, non-lactating cows and heifers increases the pregnancy rate allowing more calves at the end of the breeding season and higher profitability to the cattlemen

Rodococose equina: uma revisão com ênfase na fisiopatogenia e tratamento

The rhodococcosis affects humans and animals. Equine are the most important species for rhodococcosis, which is considered the most debilitating disease in the creation of foals, leading to a mortality rates greater than 50% in this category. The disease is caused by Rhodococcus equi, a bacteria considered as a soil-born opportunistic microorganism, intracellular and ubiquitous. The disease in horses is manifested mainly in the form of pyogranulomatous pneumonia and less often in the form of enteric disorders and / or joint disorders. Transmission occurs mainly by ingestion of contaminated food and water, and inhalation in contaminated environment. The organism has mechanisms of evasion of the immune system, maintain viable in inside phagocytic cells, and induces piogranulomatous infections, leading to lesions of difficult treatment using conventional antimicrobials. Lipophilic drugs with good intracellular activity are required to successful treatment. The conventional treatment for foals is based on the combination of erythromycin and rifampin. However, there is a growing concern about the emergence of resistant strains, which makes increasingly studies on the development of alternative antimicrobials for therapy

Acupuntura na abordagem da Síndrome da Cauda Equina em pequenos animais Trabalho

Nowadays, in any area that acts within the veterinary medicine, we talk a lot of specialists. Specialists in neurology, cardiology, dermatology, endocrinology, finally, more specialized in a subject, better is the veterinarian. However, on one hand to deepen the knowledge helped in the discovery of new diagnostics and treatments, secondly, a bit lost sight of the patient as a whole. Traditional Chinese medicine, one of whose branches is acupuncture, is aimed at exactly this approach to be fully alive, where all body is interconnected and the disease is not seen as the imbalance of one system, but, as the imbalance between our being and the environment external. Acupuncture is an alternative in the treatment of many diseases, among them Cauda Equina Syndrome, and consists of stimulating specific points on the body surface, which help the body return to its natural harmony. A Cauda Equina Syndrome is a frame subsequent to a neuromuscular spinal cord at the level of the spinal canal of the lower lumbar spine and sacral, whose treatment is almost always surgical. This study aims to show the relevance of acupuncture treatment in this condition and report the importance of the philosophy of traditional Chinese medicine nowadays, even when their arms are not in the treatment of choice

Lombalgia equina: diagnóstico e tratamento

Low back pain is considered a major cause of lameness and performance decay, but identify the location of the lesions and quantify the intensity of pain is difficult because often the most obvious clinical sign, in some cases, is not the pain itself, but, low athletic performance. The diagnosis and treatment of this disease are associated with a high cost and have a strong impact on the equine industry, since it results in direct economic losses. The diagnosis of low back pain is made through physical examination and additional tests, including radiography, ultrasound, thermography and blockades. Major injuries causing back pain in horses is the contact or overlap of the spinous processes, supraspinous desmitis, osteoarthritis of the articular processes, vertebral body lesions and myositis. Therapeutic measures used in the treatment of these diseases are systemic inflammatory steroid, local infiltration, acupuncture, chiropractic, physical therapy, changes in training and surgeries.

Mastite infecciosa equina: uma visão geral da doença

Mastits is considered uncommon disease in mares. Streptococcus equi, Staphylococcus sp., Corynebacterium sp., Actinobacillus sp., Nocardia sp. and enterobacterias are major microorganisms involved in equine mammary infections. The disease is commonly related to traumatic lesions in mammary glands and teats. Edema, fibrosis, masses to palpation of glands, and viscous to seropurulent milk are mainly clinical signs observed in affected animals. The diagnosis is based on clinical exam of mammary glands and microbiological culture of the milk. There are no standard to use of indirect exams on diagnosis, including California Mastits Test and Somatic Cell Count. Systemic antimicrobials are recommended in therapy, based on previous “in vitro” susceptibility microbiological test. No specific control measures are indicated in equine mastits. The present study reviewed the mastits in mares, with emphasis to etiology, epidemiology findings, clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatment and control aspects.

Redundant nerve roots of the cauda equina: review of the literature

In imaging diagnosis, redundant nerve roots of the cauda equina are characterized by the presence of elongated, enlarged and tortuous nerve roots in close relationship with a high-grade lumbar spinal canal stenosis. This is not an independent entity, but it is believed to be a consequence of the chronic compression at the level of the lumbar canal stenosis and thus may be part of the natural history of lumbar spinal stenosis. The present paper is aimed at reviewing the histopathological, electrophysiological and imaging findings, particularly at magnetic resonance imaging, as well as the clinical meaning of this entity. As the current assessment of canal stenosis and root compression is preferably performed by means of magnetic resonance imaging, this is the imaging method by which the condition is identified. The recognition of redundant nerve roots at magnetic resonance imaging is important, particularly to avoid misdiagnosing other conditions such as intradural arteriovenous malformations. The literature approaching the clinical relevance of the presence of redundant nerve roots is controversial. There are articles suggesting that the pathological changes of the nerve roots are irreversible at the moment of diagnosis and therefore neurological symptoms are less likely to improve with surgical decompression, but such concept is not a consensus.

Comportamiento de la paloma de competición (Columba livia) durante el periodo de la muda y cría

Las palomas de competición o mensajeras (Columba livia) presentan un comportamiento diferente según sea el periodo del año en el que se encuentren, ya sea durante la muda (septiembre-octubre), la reproducción y cría (noviembre-diciembre) o durante el periodo de competición. Las parejas jóvenes tienen un mayor éxito de cría que las más adultas.

Isufficienza Placentare nella Specie Equina

Lo sviluppo e la funzionalità della placenta influenzano direttamente la crescita ed il benessere del feto all'interno dell'utero, quindi qualsiasi problema strutturale o funzionale della placenta influenzerà lo sviluppo del feto. Lo scopo di questa tesi è stato quello di approfondire diversi aspetti clinici e clinico-patologici dell’insufficienza placentare nella specie equina, con l’intento di individuare dei parametri che possano essere di ausilio per l’identificazione precoce del puledro a rischio e della necessità di interventi terapeutici. La valutazione della concentrazione di lattato nel sangue e nel liquido amniotico potrebbe essere un utile strumento diagnostico per la diagnosi di acidosi metabolica associata ad ipossia/ischemia nel puledro e per identificare la necessità di un intervento precoce alla nascita. La risposta all’ipossia sembra essere mediata dall’HIF-1 e dall’HSF-1 anche nel puledro neonato, e se questi dati venissero confermati su un numero maggiore di animali, i due marcatori proteici e la MDA potrebbero essere utilizzati per la diagnosi di PAS nel puledro. L’esame di tutta l’unità placentare riveste un ruolo di fondamentale importanza per l’acquisizione di informazioni riguardo all’ambiente di vita intrauterino del puledro, ed è quindi auspicabile nella pratica ostetrica routinaria una maggiore attenzione all’esame della placenta, soprattutto in caso di patologie materno-fetali. Tra i parametri biochimici valutati al momento della nascita, la creatininemia e la glicemia possono fornire informazioni sull’efficienza dello scambio placentare ed essere quindi utilizzati per individuare puledri a rischio. Infine, lo sviluppo di una macro per il software ImageJ porta alla luce uno strumento nuovo, semplice da usare ed economico, per la valutazione morfometrica dell’arborizzazione dei villi placentari; tuttavia la ricerca necessità ulteriori indagini su un numero maggiore di animali per valutare le differenze morfometriche tra placente normali e patologiche.

Synovial cysts associated with cauda equina syndrome in two dogs

OBJECTIVE: To report synovial cysts associated with cauda equina syndrome in 2 dogs. STUDY DESIGN: Clinical cases. ANIMALS: Two German Shepherd dogs. METHODS: After magnetic resonance imaging detection, cysts were surgically removed via dorsal laminectomy. RESULTS: Six and 8 months after surgery, both dogs were free of clinical signs and no pain was elicited on lumbosacral joint manipulation. CONCLUSION: Although described in dogs, cysts at the lumbosacral joint might cause compression of the cauda equina nerve roots. Radical excision of the cyst capsule can result in resolution of clinical signs. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Synovial cysts should be considered in the differential diagnosis of dogs with cauda equina compression syndrome when lumbosacral degenerative joint disease is present.

Grapholita molesta : caracterización de una cría artificial

Grapholita molesta (Busck) es considerada plaga principal del duraznero en Mendoza. Sus larvas han sido criadas, en condiciones de laboratorio, con dietas naturales por diversos autores. Los objetivos fueron: 1. poner a punto la cría artificial de la especie; 2. diseñar una jaula para el apareamiento y la oviposición de los adultos; 3. evaluar la eficiencia de la jaula y la dieta larvaria mediante grados día, ciclo biológico, peso de pupas, recuperación de huevoadulto, fecundidad, viabilidad y longevidad. La cría artificial de una especie constituye una herramienta para profundizar sus conocimientos bioetoecológicos y, en consecuencia, aplicarlos en su control. En 1996 se fundó una cría con larvas salvajes alimentadas con manzanas verdes pequeñas del cv. Granny Smith. Los adultos se desarrollaron en una jaula especialmente diseñada. En el ciclo biológico, la recuperación huevo-adulto y la fecundidad se obtuvieron valores superiores a los citados por otros autores pero no ocurrió lo mismo con las otras variables. La cría artificial de Grapholita molesta (Busck) se logró desarrollar por 37 generaciones y la alta fecundidad obtenida es una clave fundamental en el éxito de su mantenimiento.

Competitividad de la cría de ganado vacuno en Mendoza

La provincia de Mendoza tiene una superficie aproximada de 7.000.000 de hectáreas con aptitud ganadera. La zona de mayor concentración y mejores oportunidades ganaderas se encuentra en el sur: General Alvear, San Rafael y Malargüe. En el centro de la llanura mendocina el ambiente es árido; las lluvias, que oscilan entre 250 y 300 mm anuales, se distribuyen en primavera - verano. El suelo es predominantemente arenoso; los suelos franco arenosos se presentan en forma parcial e irregular; existen también algunos sectores salinizados. La vegetación está representada por un estrato leñoso, en el que predomina casi exclusivamente el arbusto, y un estrato herbáceo. En la provincia de Mendoza la cría de bovinos se realiza en condiciones extensivas, teniendo como principal alimento los recursos forrajeros naturales. En consecuencia, es necesario tener presente la variación anual de estos recursos en cuanto a su calidad y cantidad. La producción de ganado en pasturas naturales de Mendoza es un negocio riesgoso. El productor debe lograr un balance entre productividad, estabilidad y sostenibilidad.

Evaluación de los efectos de la composición de la dieta artificial para la cría de Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) y Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)

El control biológico aumentativo de Diatrae saccharalis Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) requiere la cría masiva del parasitoide Cotesia flavipes Cameron (Braconidae: Microgastrinae) y por ello, es necesario el desarrollo de dietas artificiales eficientes. El objetivo fue examinar los efectos de distintos tipos de dieta sobre parámetros biológicos de D. saccharalis y su impacto en la producción de cocones de C. flavipes. Se sembraron 46136 huevos de D. saccharalis en once combinaciones de dietas artificiales, con dos tipos de harinas y tres tipos de antibióticos. Los resultados mostraron que la composición de la dieta afectó los parámetros biológicos de ambas especies. La mayor eficiencia en la cría se obtuvo con el empleo de combinaciones de harina de poroto y ampicilina. Sin embargo, si se considera la relación entre costos de producción y parámetros biológicos, la dieta con harina de poroto, oxitetraciclina y estreptomicina resulta más adecuada para la cría masiva.