Rotating wheel filter design and optimization for a uniform depth dose distribution in heavy ion therapy

Treatment planning of heavy-ion radiotherapy involves predictive calculation of not only the physical dose but also the biological dose in a patient body. The goal in designing beam-modulating devices for heavy ion therapy is to achieve uniform biological effects across the spread-out Bragg peak (SOBP). To achieve this, a mathematical model of Bragg peak movement is presented. The parameters of this model have been resolved with Monte Carlo method. And a rotating wheel filter is designed basing on the velocity of the Bragg peak movement.

添加剂Li_8SiN_4对cBN晶体形貌的影响

在４．５～５．０ＧＰａ，１５００～１８００℃范围内，在Ｌｉ基复合氮硼化物的催化体系中添加Ｌｉ８ＳｉＮ４后，得到了具有光泽的棕色透明的ｃＢＮ单晶。研究了ｃＢＮ晶体的形貌，结果表明，添加Ｌｉ８ＳｉＮ４后得到的等积形ｃＢＮ晶体的百分比明显增多，除部分截角四面体外，多为截角八面体晶体，且棱角尖锐，晶面致密光滑

硅在cBN单晶合成中的行为

实验制备了复合氮化物Ｌｉ＿８ＳｉＮ＿４，并对合成温度、合成时间、气流量等因素的影响以及产物的稳定性进行了讨论。研究了Ｌｉ＿８ＳｉＮ＿４作为触媒添加剂时硅在ｃＢＮ单晶合成中的作用。结果表明：ｃＢＮ晶体多为截角八面体，晶面致密光滑；硅参与ｃＢＮ的合成反应，并以ＳｉＯ＿２的形式沉积在ｃＢＮ表面。

'Re-using an existing wheel' developing data architecture for cooperating autonomous and semi-autonomous, agent-based web services

This short position paper considers issues in developing Data Architecture for the Internet of Things (IoT) through the medium of an exemplar project, Domain Expertise Capture in Authoring and Development ­Environments (DECADE). A brief discussion sets the background for IoT, and the development of the ­distinction between things and computers. The paper makes a strong argument to avoid reinvention of the wheel, and to reuse approaches to distributed heterogeneous data architectures and the lessons learned from that work, and apply them to this situation. DECADE requires an autonomous recording system, ­local data storage, semi-autonomous verification model, sign-off mechanism, qualitative and ­quantitative ­analysis ­carried out when and where required through web-service architecture, based on ontology and analytic agents, with a self-maintaining ontology model. To develop this, we describe a web-service ­architecture, ­combining a distributed data warehouse, web services for analysis agents, ontology agents and a ­verification engine, with a centrally verified outcome database maintained by certifying body for qualification/­professional status.

Electric Vehicles - a well to wheel analysis

The European Union has set a target for 10% renewable energy in transport by 2020, which will be met using both biofuels and electric vehicles. In the case of biofuels, for the purposes of meeting the target, the biofuel must achieve greenhouse gas savings of 35% relative to the fossil fuel replaced. For biofuels, greenhouse gas savings can be calculated using life cycle analysis, or the European Union default values. In contrast, all electricity used in transport is considered to be the same, regardless of the source or the type of electric vehicle. However, the choice of the electric vehicle and electricity source will have a major impact on the greenhouse gas savings. This paper examines different electric-vehicle scenarios in terms of greenhouse gas savings, using a well-to-wheel life cycle analysis.

Why reinvent the wheel? A behaviour analyst's reflections on pedagogy for inclusion for students with intellectual and developmental disability

The number of children identified as having intellectual or developmental disability is rising worldwide and their education has been found wanting. It has been said that “they simply need better teaching.” At the same time, there is an increasing evidence base that pedagogy that is based on the discipline of behaviour analysis offers the best prospect for individuals diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders. On the basis of this evidence, it is proposed that behaviour analysis should be applied more broadly to improve teaching for all children with intellectual or developmental disability.

Reinventing a New Wheel: The Films of Norman Mailer

This article covers the connections between Norman Mailer's four films, as well as their influence on such film genres as mockumentary cinema.

Examining the presence of Arching-Action in Edge Stiffened Bridge Deck Cantilever Overhangs Subjected to a Wheel Load

Engineers have proposed the idea that there may be some arching action present in bridge deck cantilever overhangs stiffened along their longitudinal free edge, via a traffic barrier, subjected to a wheel load. This paper includes the details of a full-scale corrosion-free bridge deck with cantilever overhangs stiffened along their longitudinal free edge by a traffic barrier wall that has been constructed and tested under static and fatigue wheel loads at the University of Manitoba. It also reviews experimental test results and postulates various discussions that suggest the presence of arching-action in cantilever slab overhangs. Test results indicated static ultimate load capacities significantly greater than the ultimate capacity if the mode of failure and behavior of the cantilever overhang was completely flexural. These early results confirm and indicate the presence of arching-action resulting in a significant break-through in cantilever behavior when subjected to a wheel load. The theory to account for this arching-action is not yet developed and further research should be conducted.

A well-to-wheel analysis of electric vehicles in the all-island Single Electricity Market

The European Union has set a target for 10% renewable energy in transport by 2020 to be met using biofuels and electric vehicles. In the case of biofuels, the biofuel must achieve greenhouse gas savings of 35% relative to the fossil fuel replaced. For biofuels, greenhouse gas savings can be calculated using life cycle analysis or the European Union default values. In contrast, all electricity used in transport is considered to be the same, regardless of the source or the type of electric vehicle. However, the choice of the electric vehicle and electricity source will have a major impact on the greenhouse gas saving. In this paper the initial findings of a well-to-wheel analysis of electric vehicle deployment in Northern Ireland are presented. The key finding indicates that electric vehicles require least amount of energy per mile on a well-to-wheel basis, consume the fewest resources, even accommodating inefficient fuel production, in comparison to standard internal combustion engine and hybrid vehicles.