Comportamento violentos(foco em bullying) e uso de substâncias psicoativas por alunos do ensino médio e fundamental de Botucatu, Brasil

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Errância no contemporâneo: um estudo sobre a percepção de dirigentes e profissionais de instituições assistenciais em relação a andarilhos de estrada

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Qualidade de vida de mulheres alcoolistas atendidas em serviço ambulatorial

Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB

Prevalence of health promotion programs in primary health care units in Brazil

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Estudo dos fatores de risco e prevalência de cervicite por Chlamydia trachomatis em adolescentes do município de Botucatu, São Paulo

Some characteristics and behaviors, that are of young, as a tendency to rebel and take risks, deviating from the rules of society, makes it vulnerable to many detrimental aspects, such as may indiscriminate use of alcohol and drugs, practicing unsafe sex and having multiple partners, which cause, among another complications, sexually transmitted diseases (STD). The Chlamydia trachomatis causes chlamydial infection, is one of the most recurrent STD of the world. Several risk factors are already defined for Chlamydial infection, among them, age under 25 years old and sexual behavior of the risk. The objective was to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia infection cervicitis in adolescent females of the Botucatu, São Paulo, and risk factors associated with this infection. It is cross-sectional study, of the populational basis, performed together the nineteen basic health units of the Botucatu, São Paulo. The data were obtained through clinical interviews and gynecological examination on samples collected for laboratory analysis. The research of C. trachomatis was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This report presents preliminary data, which represent 19% of the sample checked. Were interviewed 37 adolescents with a mean age of 17 years (between 15th and 19th years old), average of years studied of the 8,19, 40% of the families lived on less than a minimum wage by person and 24,3% dosen’t has ownership of the house where they live. Mean age of first sexual intercourse of 14 years (between 12th and 16th years old), 24,3% regularly used condoms, 5,4% had a premature birth and 8,1% reported abortion. 75,7% had any complaints in the gynecological exam, pain in lower abdomen, the most prevalent. The prevalence of vulvovaginitis or vaginal flora altered was 54,1%. The prevalence of infection by C. trachomatis was 58%. Presence content was associated infection chlamydial and age... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Desenvolvimento cognitivo e sintomas depressivos em adolescentes que fazem uso de bebidas alcoólicas

Surveys on alcohol use show that people usually begin using this substance as adolescents. In this stage of development, it is common for some people to show depressive symptoms. The combination of alcohol and depressive symptoms may affect students’ cognitive and school development. This study aims at identifying and discussing on the relationship between alcohol use in adolescents, depression and the consequences on cognitive development. Participants were 127 students of two schools in the state of São Paulo, who answered the AUDIT, the BDI and Tests for Operatory Development. Results show that excessive alcohol use is significant, but we did not observe a relationship between alcohol use, depressive symptoms and low cognitive performance.

Effectiveness of different methods for the detection of binge drinking in dentistry students

The purpose of this study was to estimate the alcoholic beverage consumption among undergraduate students of a Dentistry Course and compare the effectiveness of screening methods for the detection of binge drinking. A total of 284 undergraduate students participated in the research. We used the full AUDIT and their reduced forms (AUDIT-3 and AUDIT-C). In addition, a ROC curve was created and its area was calculated. Of the students, 91.0% and 90.6% of the male and female genders, respectively, reported alcohol beverage consumption. Bing-drinking behavior occurred in 69.2% of the men and in 52.4% of the women. The 3 methods showed good discriminatory ability. For the women, there was a significant difference between the AUDIT-3 and AUDIT-C. Both the complete version of AUDIT and its reduced forms presented good discriminatory ability

Novas terapêuticas não farmacológicas da perturbação do pós-stress traumático

Trabalho Final do Curso de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014

ADOLESCENTES USUÁRIAS DE SUBSTÂNCIAS PSICOATIVAS

Esta pesquisa estudou adolescentes internadas para tratamento de dependência de drogas no Centro de Recuperação Álcool e Drogas Desafio Jovem. Objetivou descrever as características psicossociais e a psicodinâmica dessas adolescentes, além de identificar comportamentos de riscos e de proteção à saúde das participantes. Para coleta de dados, foram utilizados o Questionário de Identificação Sócio-Demográfico e Consumo de Substâncias Psicoativas, o teste projetivo H.T.P. (House-Tree-Person) e o Inventário de Triagem do Uso de Drogas (DUSI) . Fizeram parte do estudo 14 adolescentes na faixa de 12 a 17 anos. A maioria das adolescentes (78,57%) são filhas de pais separados. A primeira substância usada, na faixa de idade de 9 a 14 anos, foi o cigarro (42,86%), a segunda foi a maconha (35,71%), a terceira, na faixa de 9 a 15 anos foi o álcool (21,43%) e a quarta substância, na faixa de 9 a 16 anos foi o crack (35,71%). A droga predileta das adolescentes é o crack (42,9%). A carência afetiva é vista como reflexo da própria história de vida, com o desamparo, com ausência de afeto, falta de confiança, isolamento, falta de contatos sociais seguros, descontentamento com o ambiente familiar que se apresenta restritivo, apresentando vulnerabilidade que se faz presente em relação às pressões vividas no ambiente familiar. O pai se constitui quase sempre ausente na elaboração das adolescentes. Situações, como negligência, violência e abandono paterno, bem como o envolvimento com drogas lícitas e ilícitas pelos pais e outros familiares, devem ser objeto de medidas de proteção de políticas públicas de promoção de saúde familiar e comunitária e de redução de danos relacionados ao uso de substâncias psicoativas.

Efeito do topiramato sobre o craving em usuários de crack

The study aims to analyze the effects of topiramato on the craving of crack users. It is an open crossover clinical trial involving users from the Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs (CAPSad) in city of Parnamirim, RN, approved by the CEP CAAE: 38710614.1.0000.5537, respecting the norms of the resolution n. 466/2012/CNS. The study produced preliminary two scientific papers: a theoretical essay and an integrative review, as a way of seeking the state of art. The first paper was based in the theoretical framework of Hinds, Chaves and Cypress, which focuses different contexts, from the issues of individual use to the coping policies in Brazil, highlighting that the situation and the complexity of the phenome requires coping strategies for the full attention to the user, family and society. As a result of the integrative review, among the 902 retrieved records, eight of them presented therapeutic schemes with positive effects for the craving of cocaine. They used nine different drugs. It is important to spot out that there was no result for the craving of crack. The data collection was conducted from December 2014 to July 2015 and has as sample predominantly single males. The sample was composed of 30 subjects who met the inclusion criteria: adults, age from 18 years, diagnosis of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) for cocaine/crack; cognitive capacity preserved; attendance to the service, participated at least three visits in the 12 months prior to data collection; and accepted to be monitored in the proposed treatment. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics from the Statistical Package of Support for Social Sciences (SPSS) on the instruments: 1) Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), pointing out, among other results, that only 14% used crack/cocaine weekly during treatment, while 83% used daily or weekly after the washout period; 2) Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, with an average of 80.23 and 77.47 with and without drug treatment, respectively. An analysis from the Student t test show no significant differences in impulsivity with or without the drug; and 3) Cocaine-Craving Questionnaire-Brief (CCK-B), indicating that the number of users with craving intensity level is significantly higher without drug treatment (86%) than with treatment (33%). The analysis between craving and level of impulsivity showed that there is a low correlation (Pearson) between these two variables during treatment and after the washout, demonstrating that impulsivity has low influence on the outcome of drug therapy. As conclusion, it was noted that the topiramate produces positive effect on reducing the craving for crack users and their use is a relevant strategy for efficacy in the treatment of crack users.

Efeito do topiramato sobre o craving em usuários de crack

The study aims to analyze the effects of topiramato on the craving of crack users. It is an open crossover clinical trial involving users from the Psychosocial Care Center for Alcohol and Drugs (CAPSad) in city of Parnamirim, RN, approved by the CEP CAAE: 38710614.1.0000.5537, respecting the norms of the resolution n. 466/2012/CNS. The study produced preliminary two scientific papers: a theoretical essay and an integrative review, as a way of seeking the state of art. The first paper was based in the theoretical framework of Hinds, Chaves and Cypress, which focuses different contexts, from the issues of individual use to the coping policies in Brazil, highlighting that the situation and the complexity of the phenome requires coping strategies for the full attention to the user, family and society. As a result of the integrative review, among the 902 retrieved records, eight of them presented therapeutic schemes with positive effects for the craving of cocaine. They used nine different drugs. It is important to spot out that there was no result for the craving of crack. The data collection was conducted from December 2014 to July 2015 and has as sample predominantly single males. The sample was composed of 30 subjects who met the inclusion criteria: adults, age from 18 years, diagnosis of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV) for cocaine/crack; cognitive capacity preserved; attendance to the service, participated at least three visits in the 12 months prior to data collection; and accepted to be monitored in the proposed treatment. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics from the Statistical Package of Support for Social Sciences (SPSS) on the instruments: 1) Alcohol, Smoking, and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST), pointing out, among other results, that only 14% used crack/cocaine weekly during treatment, while 83% used daily or weekly after the washout period; 2) Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, with an average of 80.23 and 77.47 with and without drug treatment, respectively. An analysis from the Student t test show no significant differences in impulsivity with or without the drug; and 3) Cocaine-Craving Questionnaire-Brief (CCK-B), indicating that the number of users with craving intensity level is significantly higher without drug treatment (86%) than with treatment (33%). The analysis between craving and level of impulsivity showed that there is a low correlation (Pearson) between these two variables during treatment and after the washout, demonstrating that impulsivity has low influence on the outcome of drug therapy. As conclusion, it was noted that the topiramate produces positive effect on reducing the craving for crack users and their use is a relevant strategy for efficacy in the treatment of crack users.

Projetos de vida labirínticos: Uma opção de vida ou uma vida sem opção?

Na sociedade contemporânea ocidental é praticamente impossível que os projetos de vida das crianças, adolescentes e jovens não passem por um investimento na escola vista como um passaporte para a mobilidade social (Peres, 2011). Contudo, por detrás dessa pretensa inclusão social, há efeitos perversos e condicionantes vários que levam ao insucesso e abandono escolares, à exclusão social (Canário, Alves e Rolo, 2001 citado por Vieira A. 2013:77-78). O fenómeno da exclusão social é cada vez mais premente. Importa perceber qual a aceção do conceito de pobreza e como é sentida pelos seus protagonistas, pela sociedade em geral e qual o papel do Estado nesta relação. Surgem constantemente novas formas de pobreza e a exclusão assume diferentes configurações. As dinâmicas sociais em mutação podem ditar a fragilidade social, a assistência ou mesmo a marginalização social (Paugam,2003:47). O objetivo desta investigação, sobre projetos de vidas labiríntico de indivíduos excluídos pela sociedade, por via de adições (álcool e drogas), trabalhos precários, desemprego, mudanças familiares e sociais passa pela autorreflexão, a captação da perspetiva hermenêutica no indivíduo face ao contexto em que vive. Foram utilizadas entrevistas em profundidade e observação direta participante e não participante. Tratando-se de indivíduos cuja história de vida assume contornos bastante complexos, usei uma técnica de aproximação ao photovoice (Wang e Burris, 1997): sugeri aos participantes que captassem através da imagem a sua recordação mais feliz, o que mais gostam nos seus dias e qual o seu maior sonho. Segundo Vieira, “as histórias de vida não são mero passado. São processos históricos na verdadeira aceção da palavra” (Vieira, 2009:16) pelo que compreender a sua perceção do passado, presente e futuro assume relevante importância para a perceção da construção de um projeto de vida. Ambicionámos conseguir aquilo que nas palavras de Machado Pais se traduz como “olhar de frente para o que se olha de lado” (Pais,2001:241). Esta problemática considera a rua como espaço privilegiado de aprendizagem (infância) de encontro (juventude) (Vieira, 2011) pelo que se pretendia perceber como é possível que se se metamorfoseie num espaço de trabalho, como nascem estas profissões da rua, que percursos biográficos estarão na base desta opção de vida e se será mesmo uma vida sem opção. É essencialmente na busca da autorreflexão, do questionamento, onde o mediador poderá intervir (intervenção) enquanto auxiliar na construção de projetos de vida, como se de um advogado social de tratasse, um construtor de pontes entre os excluídos e a sociedade e um valioso auxiliar na concretização de sonhos, enquanto mediador comunitário.

A representação social do papel de gestores em organizações não governamentais

The discussions concerning the absence of a management model appropriate to the peculiarities of third sector organizations have not been impeditive to their emphasized expansion in the last decades. In the attempt of understanding this phenomenon from the perspective of those who manage social organizations, this work based on the theory of social representations to understand the notion that organization managers of the third sector - based in Fortaleza CE - have of the part that they play and how this notion influences the direction of their activities. Social representations of managers of four different categories of non-governmental organizations have been investigated, each category composed of two unities. The categories researched were: social integration through art and education, prevention and treatment of alcohol and drug abuse, children s health assistance and community action. By using Doise s Societal Approach, the role of social managers translated in intraindividual, interindividual and situational processes of their actions, has been analysed within the social representations, focusing on beliefs, values, symbols and stories that give meaning to the existence of non-governmental organizations. Analysis and discussion of data displayed the existence of diversity in the understanding of managers within their practice, in other words, the management profile is also its own manager s. The branch where an organization acts is also preponderant in the shaping of a management style. It could be deduced, from to the organizations researched, that professional formation and the manager s social insertion mainly, are determinative factors in the outlining of a management model of its own. It was concluded that, due to heterogeneity of interests and action segments, there is no systematic process for social management among organizations. Management styles are supported by their director s own perception of achievement, who model organizations according to their contingencies

RELIGIOSIDADE E ESTILO DE VIDA DE UMA POPULAÇÃO ADULTA

Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil de religiosidade e estilo de vida de uma população adulta e analisar a associação entre essas variáveis. Métodos: Pesquisa descritiva, transversal e quantitativa, realizada com participantes (n=206) de duas Feiras de Saúde na cidade de São Paulo, em 20/10/2013 e 04/05/2014. Aplicaram-se dois instrumentos, o Duke University Religion Index (DUREL, subdividido nas dimensões Religiosidade Organizacional, Não Organizacional e Intrínseca) e o Estilo de Vida FANTÁSTICO. Realizaram-se os testes Rho de Spearman para associação das variáveis “estilo de vida” e “religiosidade”, e Qui- Quadrado para análise bivariada entre sexo e religiosidade. Resultados: Encontrou-se perfil de religiosidade predominantemente bom nas três dimensões, com destaque para a Religiosidade Intrínseca, que alcançou 83,5% (n=167) nos três quesitos. Quanto ao estilo de vida (FANTÁSTICO), obteve-se a classificação de: 26,6% (n=34) “Bom”, 48,4% (n=62) “Muito Bom” e 12,5% (n=16) “Excelente”. Das 125 análises bivariadas, 13 (11,3%) apresentaram correlação fraca (ρ< 0,30), porém significativa (p<0,05). Nas associações do Qui-Quadrado, a religiosidade se relacionou às dimensões do estilo de vida quanto ao uso de álcool e drogas, alimentação equilibrada e saúde mental. Conclusão: A religiosidade na população estudada, considerando-se as três dimensões analisadas, caracterizou-se como “boa” e “muito boa”; e o estilo de vida, segundo escore total do questionário FANTÁSTICO, pôde ser considerado saudável. Apesar de fraca, confirmou-se associação entre a religiosidade e o estilo de vida.

DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCIBILITY OF THE INSTRUMENTO DE AVALIAÇÃO DA PROMOÇÃO DA SAÚDE NA UNIVERSIDADE - IAPSU (ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR HEALTH PROMOTION AT THE UNIVERSITY)

Objective: To present the Instrumento de Avaliação da Promoção da Saúde na Universidade – IAPSU (Assessment Tool for Health Promotion at the University) and its reproducibility assessment process. Methods: Cross-sectional study conducted between May and July 2014 with 50 students from a university of Fortaleza, Ceará, which developed the IAPSU through the analysis of government documents and a systematic review of the literature on a potentially healthy university. The tool has 41 questions divided into five domains: physical activity, diet, environmental factors, psychosocial factors and alcohol and drug use, integrative and complementary practices. To assess the inter-examiner reproducibility, the students answered the IAPSU twice, applied by two different examiners; to assess the intraexaminer reproducibility, another application of the instrument was performed after seven days. Results: The study comprised 40 Nursing students and 10 Physical Therapy students, with a mean age of 25 ± 5.4 years; 88% were women and white individuals were predominant. In the reproducibility assessment, strong intraclass, intra- and inter-examiner correlation coefficients - above 0.8 - were observed in all the domains. Conclusion: The IAPSU is a reproducible and reliable instrument for assessing health promotion at the university.