Intra- and interspecific mineral composition variability of commercial instant coffees and coffee substitutes: contribution to mineral intake

The present paper reports the amount and estimated daily mineral intake of nine elements (Ca, Mg, K, Na, P, Fe, Mn, Cr and Ni) in commercial instant coffees and coffee substitutes (n = 49). Elements were quantified by high-resolution continuum source flame (HR-CS-FAAS) and graphite furnace (HR-CS-GFAAS) atomic absorption spectrometry, while phosphorous was evaluated by a standard vanadomolybdophosphoric acid colorimetric method. Instant coffees and coffee substitutes are rich in K, Mg and P (>100 mg/100 g dw), contain Na, Ca and Fe in moderate amounts (>1 mg/100 g), and trace levels of Cr and Ni. Among the samples analysed, plain instant coffees are richer in minerals (p < 0.001), except for Na and Cr. Blends of coffee substitutes (barley, malt, chicory and rye) with coffee (20–66%) present intermediate amounts, while lower quantities are found in substitutes without coffee, particularly in barley. From a nutritional point of view the results indicate that the mean ingestion of two instant beverages per day (total of 4 g instant powder), either with or without coffee, cannot be regarded as important sources of minerals to the human diet, although providing a supplementation of some minerals, particularly Mg and Mn in instant coffees. Additionally, and for authentication purposes, the correlations observed between some elements and the coffee percentage in the blends, with particular significance for Mg amounts, provides a potential tool for the estimation of coffee in substitute blends.

Embedded platform for ECG biometric recognition

Trabalho Final de Mestrado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia de Electrónica e Telecomunicações

ECG signals for biometric applications: are we there yet?

The potential of the electrocardiographic (ECG) signal as a biometric trait has been ascertained in the literature over the past decade. The inherent characteristics of the ECG make it an interesting biometric modality, given its universality, intrinsic aliveness detection, continuous availability, and inbuilt hidden nature. These properties enable the development of novel applications, where non-intrusive and continuous authentication are critical factors. Examples include, among others, electronic trading platforms, the gaming industry, and the auto industry, in particular for car sharing programs and fleet management solutions. However, there are still some challenges to overcome in order to make the ECG a widely accepted biometric. In particular, the questions of uniqueness (inter-subject variability) and permanence over time (intra-subject variability) are still largely unanswered. In this paper we focus on the uniqueness question, presenting a preliminary study of our biometric recognition system, testing it on a database encompassing 618 subjects. We also performed tests with subsets of this population. The results reinforce that the ECG is a viable trait for biometrics, having obtained an Equal Error Rate of 9.01% and an Error of Identification of 15.64% for the entire test population.

ECG-based biometrics: A real time classification approach

Behavioral biometrics is one of the areas with growing interest within the biosignal research community. A recent trend in the field is ECG-based biometrics, where electrocardiographic (ECG) signals are used as input to the biometric system. Previous work has shown this to be a promising trait, with the potential to serve as a good complement to other existing, and already more established modalities, due to its intrinsic characteristics. In this paper, we propose a system for ECG biometrics centered on signals acquired at the subject's hand. Our work is based on a previously developed custom, non-intrusive sensing apparatus for data acquisition at the hands, and involved the pre-processing of the ECG signals, and evaluation of two classification approaches targeted at real-time or near real-time applications. Preliminary results show that this system leads to competitive results both for authentication and identification, and further validate the potential of ECG signals as a complementary modality in the toolbox of the biometric system designer.

Mining social individuals movements and friends based on mobile devices

Trabalho de Projeto realizado para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Informática e de Computadores

ErasmusApp: A Location-Based Collaborative System for Erasmus Students

This paper reports on the design and development of an Android-based context-aware system to support Erasmus students during their mobility in Porto. It enables: (i) guest users to create, rate and store personal points of interest (POI) in a private, local on board database; and (ii) authenticated users to upload and share POI as well as get and rate recommended POI from the shared central database. The system is a distributed client / server application. The server interacts with a central database that maintains the user profiles and the shared POI organized by category and rating. The Android GUI application works both as a standalone application and as a client module. In standalone mode, guest users have access to generic info, a map-based interface and a local database to store and retrieve personal POI. Upon successful authentication, users can, additionally, share POI as well as get and rate recommendations sorted by category, rating and distance-to-user.

ECG biometrics using a dissimilarity space representation

Electrocardiogram (ECG) biometrics are a relatively recent trend in biometric recognition, with at least 13 years of development in peer-reviewed literature. Most of the proposed biometric techniques perform classifi-cation on features extracted from either heartbeats or from ECG based transformed signals. The best representation is yet to be decided. This paper studies an alternative representation, a dissimilarity space, based on the pairwise dissimilarity between templates and subjects' signals. Additionally, this representation can make use of ECG signals sourced from multiple leads. Configurations of three leads will be tested and contrasted with single-lead experiments. Using the same k-NN classifier the results proved superior to those obtained through a similar algorithm which does not employ a dissimilarity representation. The best Authentication EER went as low as 1:53% for a database employing 503 subjects. However, the employment of extra leads did not prove itself advantageous.

Embedded system for individual recognition based on ECG biometrics

Biometric recognition is emerging has an alternative solution for applications where the privacy of the information is crucial. This paper presents an embedded biometric recognition system based on the Electrocardiographic signals (ECG) for individual identification and authentication. The proposed system implements a real-time state-of-the-art recognition algorithm, which extracts information from the frequency domain. The system is based on a ARM Cortex 4. Preliminary results show that embedded platforms are a promising path for the implementation of ECG-based applications in real-world scenario.

Historically accurate reconstructions and characterisation of chrome yellow pigments

Dissertation presented at the Faculty of Sciences and Technology of the New University of Lisbon in fulfillment of the requirements for the Master degree in Conservation Science

An Enhanced WLAN Security System With FPGA Implementation for Multimedia Applications

Maintaining a high level of data security with a low impact on system performance is more challenging in wireless multimedia applications. Protocols that are used for wireless local area network (WLAN) security are known to significantly degrade performance. In this paper, we propose an enhanced security system for a WLAN. Our new design aims to decrease the processing delay and increase both the speed and throughput of the system, thereby making it more efficient for multimedia applications. Our design is based on the idea of offloading computationally intensive encryption and authentication services to the end systems’ CPUs. The security operations are performed by the hosts’ central processor (which is usually a powerful processor) before delivering the data to a wireless card (which usually has a low-performance processor). By adopting this design, we show that both the delay and the jitter are significantly reduced. At the access point, we improve the performance of network processing hardware for real-time cryptographic processing by using a specialized processor implemented with field-programmable gate array technology. Furthermore, we use enhanced techniques to implement the Counter (CTR) Mode with Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code Protocol (CCMP) and the CTR protocol. Our experiments show that it requires timing in the range of 20–40 μs to perform data encryption and authentication on different end-host CPUs (e.g., Intel Core i5, i7, and AMD 6-Core) as compared with 10–50 ms when performed using the wireless card. Furthermore, when compared with the standard WiFi protected access II (WPA2), results show that our proposed security system improved the speed to up to 3.7 times.

Architecture to Support Quality of Service in Arrowhead Systems

Presented at INForum - Simpósio de Informática (INFORUM 2015). 7 to 8, Sep, 2015. Covilhã, Portugal.

Segurança de Redes em Sistemas de Experimentação Remota

O crescimento dos sistemas de informação e a sua utilização massiva criou uma nova realidade no acesso a experiências remotas que se encontram geograficamente distribuídas. Nestes últimos tempos, a temática dos laboratórios remotos apareceu nos mais diversos campos como o do ensino ou o de sistemas industriais de controlo e monitorização. Como o acesso aos laboratórios é efectuado através de um meio permissivo como é o caso da Internet, a informação pode estar à mercê de qualquer atacante. Assim, é necessário garantir a segurança do acesso, de forma a criar condições para que não se verifique a adulteração dos valores obtidos, bem como a existência de acessos não permitidos. Os mecanismos de segurança adoptados devem ter em consideração a necessidade de autenticação e autorização, sendo estes pontos críticos no que respeita à segurança, pois estes laboratórios podem estar a controlar equipamentos sensíveis e dispendiosos, podendo até eventualmente comprometer em certos casos o controlo e a monotorização de sistemas industriais. Este trabalho teve como objectivo a análise da segurança em redes, tendo sido realizado um estudo sobre os vários conceitos e mecanismos de segurança necessários para garantir a segurança nas comunicações entre laboratórios remotos. Dele resultam as três soluções apresentadas de comunicação segura para laboratórios remotos distribuídos geograficamente, recorrendo às tecnologias IPSec, OpenVPN e PPTP. De forma a minimizar custos, toda a implementação foi assente em software de código aberto e na utilização de um computador de baixo custo. No que respeita à criação das VPNs, estas foram configuradas de modo a permitir obter os resultados pretendidos na criação de uma ligação segura para laboratórios remotos. O pfSense mostrou-se a escolha acertada visto que suporta nativamente quaisquer das tecnologias que foram estudadas e implementadas, sem necessidade de usar recursos físicos muito caros, permitindo o uso de tecnologias de código aberto sem comprometer a segurança no funcionamento das soluções que suportam a segurança nas comunicações dos laboratórios remotos.

Migração de ligações Wi-Fi não seguras para ligações seguras, após autenticação em captive portal

Atualmente a popularidade das comunicações Wi-Fi tem crescido, os utilizadores acedem a partir de vários dispositivos como telemóveis, tablets, computadores portáteis sendo estes utilizados por qualquer pessoa nos mais variados locais. Com esta utilização massiva por parte dos utilizadores surgiram os hotspots Wi-Fi públicos (em aeroportos, estações de comboios, etc) que permitem a ligação de clientes recorrendo a ligações wireless não seguras (ou abertas). Tais hotspots utilizam, após a ligação de um cliente, um captive portal que captura o tráfego IP com origem no cliente e o redireciona para uma página Web de entrada. A página Web permite ao cliente comprar tempo de acesso à Internet ou, caso já seja um cliente da empresa, autenticar-se para ter acesso à Internet. A necessidade da ligação aberta assenta na possibilidade do operador do hotspot vender acesso à Internet a utilizadores não conhecidos (caso contrário teria de fornecerlhes uma senha previamente). No entanto, fornecer um acesso à Internet wireless sem qualquer tipo de segurança ao nível físico permite que qualquer outro utilizador consiga obter informação sobre a navegação Web dos utilizadores ligados (ex.: escuta de pedidos DNS). Nesta tese pretende-se apresentar uma solução que estenda um dos atuais mecanismos de autenticação Wi-Fi (WPA, WPA2) para que permita, após autenticação em captive portal, a migração de uma ligação aberta para uma ligação segura.

Enrollment time as a requirement for biometric hand recognition systems

Biometric systems are increasingly being used as a means for authentication to provide system security in modern technologies. The performance of a biometric system depends on the accuracy, the processing speed, the template size, and the time necessary for enrollment. While much research has focused on the first three factors, enrollment time has not received as much attention. In this work, we present the findings of our research focused upon studying user’s behavior when enrolling in a biometric system. Specifically, we collected information about the user’s availability for enrollment in respect to the hand recognition systems (e.g., hand geometry, palm geometry or any other requiring positioning the hand on an optical scanner). A sample of 19 participants, chosen randomly apart their age, gender, profession and nationality, were used as test subjects in an experiment to study the patience of users enrolling in a biometric hand recognition system.

Tocopherol profile of Brazil nut oil from different geographic areas of the Amazon region

The tocopherol content of Brazil nut oil from different Amazon regions (Manicoré-AM, Rio Preto da Eva-AM, São João da Baliza-RR, Caroebe-RR, Belém-PA, and Xapurí-AC) was investigated by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. For all authentic oils, two isomers: α- and γ-tocopherols were observed (37.92-74.48 µg g-1, 106.88-171.80 µg g-1, respectively), and their levels were relatively constant among the oils having these geographic origins, which would enable to distinguish Brazil nut oil from other plant oils for authentication purposes. Commercial Brazil nut oils were also evaluated, and some of these oils demonstrated a tocopherol content that was very different from that of the authentic oils. Therefore, we suggest that the tocopherol profile of Brazil nut oil can be useful chemical marker for quality control and authentication.