Vivir en la fractura: el castigo y las resistencias en la cárcel de mujeres

Desde la militancia en un colectivo de externas e internas en la Cárcel de Mujeres de Quito, desde el hecho de compartir los efectos de la violencia sistemática contra nosotras, y desde la reflexión académica, este libro explora la cárcel de mujeres: las relaciones que la habitan, las prácticas de violencia contra el cuerpo, los afectos, los proyectos vitales, la totalidad de la vida de las mujeres que encierra. En este esfuerzo, el libro va mostrando un sistema punitivo organizado en torno a las diferencias étnica, racial. sexual y de clases constitutivas de las sociedades andinas. La investigación indaga, además en historias de mujeres diversas y desiguales, mientras reflexiona sobre la presión específica que implica la cárcel para las mujeres. La experiencia marginal, la resistencia y la lucha atraviesan todo el texto hasta llegar a una discusión sobre las cualidades del colectivo militante, feminista, de izquierda y antirraista desde el que está escrito.

Diarylmethyl substituted titanocenes: promising anti-cancer drugs

From the reaction of tert-butyl lithium with p-bromo-N,N-dimethylaniline (1a), p-bromoanisole (1b) or 1-bromo-3,5-dimethoxybenzene (1c), p-N,N-dimethylanityl lithium (2a), p-anisyl lithium (2b) or (3,5-dimethoxyphenyl) lithium (2c), respectively, were obtained. When reacted with 6-(p-N,N-dimethylanilinyl)fulvene (3a), 6-(p-methoxyphenyl)fulvene (3b) or 3,5-(dimethoxyphenyl)fulvene (3c), the corresponding lithiated intermediates were formed (4a-c). Titanium tetrachloride was added "in situ", obtaining titanocenes 5a-C, respectively. When these titanocenes were tested against pig kidney carcinoma (LLC-PK) cells, inhibitory concentrations (IC50) Of 3.8 x 10(-5) M, 4.5 x 10(-5) M, and 7.8 x 10(-5) M, respectively, were observed. These values represent improved cytotoxicity against LLC-PK, compared to their ansa-analogues. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Measuring the value of “all play and no work”: can rigorous assessment of simulation games drive innovative teaching in construction?

The construction field is dynamic and dominated by complex, ill-defined problems for which myriad possible solutions exist. Teaching students to solve construction-related problems requires an understanding of the nature of these complex problems as well as the implementation of effective instructional strategies to address them. Traditional approaches to teaching construction planning and management have long been criticized for presenting students primarily with well-defined problems - an approach inconsistent with the challenges encountered in the industry. However, growing evidence suggests that employing innovative teaching approaches, such as interactive simulation games, offers more active, hands-on and problem-based learning opportunities for students to synthesize and test acquired knowledge more closely aligned with real-life construction scenarios. Simulation games have demonstrated educational value in increasing student problem solving skills and motivation through critical attributes such as interaction and feedback-supported active learning. Nevertheless, broad acceptance of simulation games in construction engineering education remains limited. While recognizing benefits, research focused on the role of simulation games in educational settings lacks a unified approach to developing, implementing and evaluating these games. To address this gap, this paper provides an overview of the challenges associated with evaluating the effectiveness of simulation games in construction education that still impede their wide adoption. An overview of the current status, as well as the results from recently implemented Virtual Construction Simulator (VCS) game at Penn State provide lessons learned, and are intended to guide future efforts in developing interactive simulation games to reach their full potential.

Sequence analysis of a CTX-M-1 IncI1 plasmid found in Salmonella enterica 4,5,12,i:-, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae on a single UK pig farm

OBJECTIVES: In 2009, CTX-M Enterobacteriaceae and Salmonella isolates were recovered from a UK pig farm, prompting studies into the dissemination of the resistance and to establish any relationships between the isolates. METHODS: PFGE was used to elucidate clonal relationships between isolates whilst plasmid profiling, restriction analysis, sequencing and PCR were used to characterize the CTX-M-harbouring plasmids. RESULTS: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Salmonella 4,5,12:i:- and Bovismorbificans resistant to cefotaxime (n = 65) were recovered and 63 were shown by PCR to harbour a group 1 CTX-M gene. The harbouring hosts were diverse, but the group 1 CTX-M plasmids were common. Three sequenced CTX-M plasmids from E. coli, K. pneumoniae and Salmonella enterica serotype 4,5,12:i:- were identical except for seven mutations and highly similar to IncI1 plasmid ColIb-P9. Two antimicrobial resistance regions were identified: one inserted upstream of yacABC harbouring ISCR2 transposases, sul2 and floR; and the other inserted within shfB of the pilV shufflon harbouring the ISEcp1 transposase followed by blaCTX-M-1. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that an ST108 IncI1 plasmid encoding a blaCTX-M-1 gene had disseminated across multiple genera on this farm, an example of horizontal gene transfer of the blaCTX-M-1 gene.

Nanostructured europium oxide thin films deposited by pulsed laser ablation of a metallic target in a He buffer atmosphere

Nanostrucured europium oxide and hydroxide films were obtained by pulsed Nd:YAG (532 nm) laser ablation of a europium metallic target, in the presence of a 1 mbar helium buffer atmosphere. Both the produced film and the ambient plasma were characterized. The plasma was monitored by an electrostatic probe, for plume expansion in vacuum or in the presence of the buffer atmosphere. The time evolution of the ion saturation current was obtained for several probe to substrate distances. The results show the splitting of the plume into two velocity groups, being the lower velocity profile associated with metal cluster formation within the plume. The films were obtained in the presence of helium atmosphere, for several target-to-substrate distances. They were analyzed by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, x-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy, for as-deposited and 600 degrees C treated-in-air samples. The results show that the as-deposited samples are amorphous and have chemical composition compatible with europium hydroxide. The thermally treated samples show x-ray diffraction peaks of Eu(2)O(3), with chemical composition showing excess oxygen. Film nanostructuring was shown to be strongly correlated with cluster formation, as shown by velocity splitting in probe current versus time plots. (C) 2010 American Vacuum Society. [DOI: 10.1116/1.3457784]

Electrical, optical, and structural studies of shallow-buried Au-polymethylmethacrylate composite films formed by very low energy ion implantation

The authors present here a summary of their investigations of ultrathin films formed by gold nanoclusters embedded in polymethylmethacrylate polymer. The clusters are formed from the self-organization of subplantated gold ions in the polymer. The source of the low energy ion stream used for the subplantation is a unidirectionally drifting gold plasma created by a magnetically filtered vacuum arc plasma gun. The material properties change according to subplantation dose, including nanocluster sizes and agglomeration state and, consequently also the material electrical behavior and optical activity. They have investigated the composite experimentally and by computer simulation in order to better understand the self-organization and the properties of the material. They present here the results of conductivity measurements and percolation behavior, dynamic TRIM simulations, surface plasmon resonance activity, transmission electron microscopy, small angle x-ray scattering, atomic force microscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy. (C) 2010 American Vacuum Society [DOI: 10.1116/1.3357287]

Nitrate reduction on Pt single crystals with Pd multilayer

Nitrate reduction on palladium multilayers deposited on platinum single crystal electrodes was studied by cyclic voltammetry and FTIR spectroscopy in acid and alkaline media. The results are compared with those obtained with bulk palladium single crystals. The reaction is sensitive to the electrode surface structure, the reactivity depending on the solution pH. In acid solution nitrate was reduced at potentials below the potential of zero total charge (pztc), when the electrode is negatively charged. Competition between nitrate, hydrogen and anion adsorption and NO formation and accumulation at the surface are proposed as the main reasons for the slow reaction rate. On the bulk palladium single crystal electrodes, NO formation leads to a fast blockage of the surface resulting in a very low activity for nitrate reduction. In alkaline solution, nitrate is reduced at more positive potentials with significantly higher current being measured on the Pd multilayer on Pt(100) electrode. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fem högljudda myror hörs mer än fyra tysta elefanthjordar : En fallstudie kring kön och dess generaliserbarhet i forskning

Pojkar och flickor ses ofta som två homogena och två var för sig ensamt verkande grupper. Det är uppsatsförfattarnas främsta mål att illustrera problemen vilka uppstår av ett oproblematiserat könskategoriserande och istället sätta individen i fokus. Syftet med denna uppsats är att, utifrån en fallstudie, problematisera kategorisering av människor inom forskning och låta könskategorisering agera exempel på en allmän problematik. Intresset hos uppsatsförfattarna ligger på att komma bort från en mekanisk förståelse av kön där målet med uppsatsen är insikt snarare än statisk analys.Frågorna vilka ställts för att konkretisera syftet är följande:-Hur agerar och reagerar läraren på olika störningsmoment i klassrummet?-I vilken utsträckning är pojkars och flickors aktivitet, enligt fallstudien, störningsmoment i klassrummet? -Är det i de undersökta klassrumssituationerna ett fåtal elever vilka tillkännager sig ofta eller är det många elever vilka tillkännager sig sällan?En fallstudie beslutades vara den mest lämpade metoden vid genomförandet av undersökningen och som metod inom fallstudien har uppsatsförfattarna använt sig av observationer. Observationerna vilka gjordes var så kallade strukturerade observationer. I vårt fall avses strukturerade observationer som observationer vilka utgår från i förväg utarbetade kategorier. Observationerna genomfördes i en nionde klass och en årskurs tre-klass på gymnasiet.Resultaten visade att flickorna som samlad kategori gav sig tillkänna i mycket högre utsträckning än pojkarna, men samtidigt gick det utläsa att det var några flickor vilka avsevärt höjde medelvärdet för könsgruppen. Samma förhållande förelåg hos pojkarna, där det var ett fåtal vilka tillkännagav sig i mycket högre utsträckning än resterande. Detta innebar att de elever vilka aldrig eller sällan gav sig tillkänna med rätt icke torde kategoriseras in under en grupp för vilken resultatet av granskningen för dem inte är karakteristiskt. I de undersökta och observerade klasserna visade det sig att 10 % av eleverna stod för 60 % av den totala mängd störande tillkännagivanden i klassrumssituationerna. Detta innebär att övriga elever icke bör beskyllas för att ha bidragit till en eventuell störning i klassrummet. Det är sålunda rimligt att sluta sig till att det finns faror med kategorisering av människor, då elever i negativ mening kan påverkas både socialt och pedagogiskt. Dessa slutsatser går även att applicera på och dra slutsatser kring kategorisering av människor i allmänhet.

O desenvolvimento das trejetórias do comportamento delinqüente em adolescentes infratores

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar, através de um delineamento longitudinal retrospectivo e prospectivo, as trajetórias do comportamento delinqüente, em adolescentes infratores brasileiros. Também se investigou variáveis individuais, familiares e sociais, consideradas fatores de risco para a delinqüência. Participaram 200 adolescentes, do sexo masculino, de baixo nível sócio-econômico, que cumpriam medidas sócio-educativas pelo cometimento de atos infracionais. Os adolescentes foram entrevistados individualmente e sua trajetória de vida foi acompanhada durante dois anos. Os resultados mostraram que em 72,5% dos adolescentes investigados ocorreu a desistência do comportamento delinqüente, e que em 26,5% ocorreu a persistência do comportamento delinqüente. Durante a realização da pesquisa dois adolescentes foram mortos. Análises de regressão mostraram que os melhores preditores destas trajetórias foram variáveis contextuais: trabalhar antes do cometimento dos atos infracionais, o número de internações em unidades de proteção durante a infância e a trajetória de inserção no sistema de atendimento à criança e/ou adolescente em situação de risco. Os resultados indicaram também a presença de características pessoais saudáveis nos jovens investigados, tais como um estilo atribucional interno, estratégias de coping adaptativas, altos níveis de auto-estima e baixos índices de depressão. Estes resultados devem ser levados em conta nas estratégias de intervenção com adolescentes em situação de risco social e pessoal para a delinqüência. Também confirmam a importância de intervenções que tenham como foco não somente os jovens, mas também sua comunidade, sua família, sua escola e o planejamento de programas que incrementem oportunidades de emprego.

Ampliando futuros: o curso pré-vestibular comunitário da Maré

Estudo sobre o Curso Pré-vestibular Comunitário da Maré (CPV Maré), a partir de sua inserção no movimento de pré-vestibulares comunitários existente hoje em todo o Brasil. Os dados e fontes coletados permitiram entender como se deu a trajetória do curso, bem como seus resultados e limites. Através do crescimento do curso, é possível entender o processo de crescimento e institucionalização do Centro de Estudos e Ações Solidárias da Maré (CEASM), organização não governamental criada por moradores e ex-moradores da Maré em 1997, que teve crescente e expressivo crescimento desde a sua formação. Em sete anos de existência - 1998 a 2005 -, os estudantes que freqüentaram o CPV Maré obtiveram, ao todo, 539 aprovações para universidades públicas e privadas, sobretudo para a PUC-RJ, totalizando 408 ingressos de alunos no ensino superior. Em consonância com a proposta do curso, e diante da condição econômica de seus alunos, serão aqui consideradas apenas as aprovações para as universidades públicas e para a PUC RJ, tendo em vista a parceria estabelecida entre essa universidade e o CEASM, no tocante à concessão de bolsas de estudo. Assim, são 355 alunos que ingressaram nas universidades públicas e na PUC-Rio. È com esse quantitativo que iremos trabalhar neste estudo.

Preparação para docentes/atores: gravação de videoaula

O material aborda a elaboração de uma videoaula. Nele, o professor Adail R. L. Golçaves demonstra técnicas de expressão corporal/facial.

Tolerância de cultivares de cana-de-açúcar a herbicidas aplicados em pós-emergência

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Manejo de plantas daninhas em soja geneticamente modificada tolerante ao glyphosate

Os sistemas de produção transgênicos, assim como os convencionais, exigem, além do controle químico, a adoção de outras estratégias de manejo de plantas daninhas. Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar o controle químico de plantas daninhas, em soja geneticamente modificada (transgênica) tolerante ao herbicida glyphosate associado a coberturas vegetais, na entressafra. O experimento foi instalado em área experimental da FCAV/Unesp, Jaboticabal (SP). O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Nas parcelas, foram avaliadas as coberturas vegetais de Brachiaria brizantha (braquiarão cv. Marandu), Pennisetum americanum (milheto forrageiro cv. BN2) e vegetação espontânea, e, nas subparcelas, os herbicidas glyphosate, chlorimuron - ethyl + lactofen em mistura e fluazifop-p-butyl em aplicação sequencial, além de duas testemunhas sem aplicação. A cobertura com braquiarão contribuiu para o controle químico, exercendo supressão das plantas daninhas. A aplicação única de 720 g e.a. ha-1de glyphosate, independentemente da cobertura vegetal utilizada na entressafra, foi suficiente para o controle adequado de Acanthospermum hispidum, Alternanthera tenella, Amaranthus sp., Bidens pilosa, Xanthium strumarium, Cenchrus echinatus, Digitaria sp. e Eleusine indica, com resultados similares ao tratamento (chlorimuron-ethyl + lactofen) + fluazifop-p-buthyl. Comparados à testemunha capinada, os herbicidas testados não afetaram a altura das plantas, massa seca da parte aérea, massa de 100 grãos e a produtividade de grãos. As plantas de soja crescidas sobre os resíduos vegetais de braquiarão e milheto forrageiro apresentaram maior altura, porém, nenhuma outra característica avaliada na cultura foi influenciada pelas coberturas.

Calcium Hydroxide Mixed With Camphoric p-Monochlorophenol or Chlorhexidine in Delayed Tooth Replantation

This study evaluated the repair process after delayed replantation of rat teeth, using calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)(2)) mixed with camphorated p-monochlorophenol (CMCP), chlorhexidine 2% (CHX), or saline as temporary root canal dressing to prevent and/or control inflammatory radicular resorption. Thirty Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus albinos) had their right upper incisor extracted, which was bench-dried for 60 minutes. The dental papilla, the enamel organ, the dental pulp, and the periodontal ligament were removed. The teeth were immersed in 2% acidulated-phosphate sodium fluoride solution for 10 minutes. The root canals were dried with absorbent paper cones and divided into 3 groups of 10 animals according to root canal dressing used: group 1: Ca(OH)(2) + saline, group 2: Ca(OH)(2) + CMCP, and group 3: Ca(OH)(2) + CHX 2%. Before replanting, the teeth sockets were irrigated with saline. Histological analysis revealed the presence of inflammatory resorption, replacement resorption, and ankylosis in all 3 groups. Statistical analysis showed a significant difference between group 3 and the other groups. The use of Ca(OH)(2) mixed with CMCP or CHX did not show an advantage over the use of Ca(OH)(2) mixed with saline in preventing and/or controlling inflammatory resorption in delayed replantation of rat teeth.