537 resultados para 1258


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对采集于长江水系、黑龙江水系及海南岛的36尾大鳍(Acheilognathus macropterus)的细胞色素b基因序列进行了研究分析。发现有须个体和无须个体在分子系统树中处于混合分布状态,各个体相互间遗传变异远小于与外类群(A.chankaensis、A.tokinensis)间差异,统计了其主要形态度量数据,也显示各主要性状数据无显著差异,结果均支持有须个体和无须个体(曾经被鉴定为A.taenianalis)为同一物种,A.taenianalis为A.macropterus的同物异名。序列分析显示

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InxGa1-xAs/InP (0.39 less than or equal to x less than or equal to 0.68) strained-layer quantum wells having 20 wells with thickness of 50 Angstrom in a P-i-N configuration were grown by gas source molecular beam epitaxy (GSMBE). High-resolution X-ray diffraction rocking curves show the presence of up to seven orders of sharp and intense satellite reflection, indicative of the structural perfection of the samples. Low-temperature photoluminescence and low-temperature absorption spectra were used to determine the exciton transition energies as a function of strain. Good agreement is achieved between exciton transition energies obtained experimentally at low temperature with those calculated using the deformation potential theory.

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Lattice matched Ga_(1-x)In_xAs_ySb_(1-y) quaternary alloy films for thermophotovoltaic cells were successfully grown on n-type GaSb substrates by liquid phase epitaxy. Mirror-like surfaces for the epitaxial layers were achieved and evaluated by atomic force microscopy. The composition of the Ga_(1-x)In_xAs_ySb_(1-y) layer was characterized by energy dispersive X-ray analysis with the result that x = 0.2, y = 0.17. The absorption edges of the Ga_(1-x)In_xAs_ySb_(1-y) films were determined to be 2. 256μm at room temperature by Fourier transform infrared transmission spectrum analysis, corresponding to an energy gap of 0.55eV. Hall measurements show that the highest obtained electron mobility in the undoped p-type samples is 512cm2~/(V·s) and the carrier density is 6. 1×10~(16)cm~(-3) at room temperature. Finally, GaInAsSb based thermophotovoltaic cells in different structures with quantum efficiency values of around 60% were fabricated and the spectrum response characteristics of the cells are discussed.

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为利用廉价的培养基生产纤维素酶复合制剂,本实验采用培养基配方选择试验和双温度培养法对康氏木霉F244产酶特性进行了研究.在测定滤纸酶(FPA)、棉花酶、羧甲基纤维素酶(CMCase)、β-葡萄糖苷酶和果胶酶活力的基础上利用SPSS建立回归方程,全相关系数分别达到0.852,0.941,0.964,0.703,0.899,而后通过无约束规划求解找到最佳配方,并对酶活进行了预报和对比.结果表明:各酶活最大时对培养基各成分的含量要求不同;应用稻草粉质量分数20.3%,麸皮质量分数26.1%,(NH4)2SO4质量分数7.9%,水分质量分数45.7%的配方发酵时,F244的FPA、棉花酶、CMCase、β-葡萄糖苷酶、果胶酶活可望达14.1,20.1,43.9,21.6,16.8 IU/g,基本与里氏木霉Q9414在其推荐培养基上的产酶水平相当,而且该配方用料来源广泛,成本低廉,工艺简单,产品安全无毒.

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林窗模型是基于个体的广泛应用于森林长期动态变化的模拟与预测的模型,是研究森林生态系统对气候变化响应的有效工具。本文把林窗模型的发展与演变过程概括为3个阶段:萌芽阶段、飞速发展阶段和提高阶段;展望了林窗模型的未来发展趋势;简要阐述了在全球气候变化背景下应用模型研究森林与气候间关系的可行性与必要性;对国际上相关的研究热点和前沿问题进行了探讨;综述了国内的研究现状,指出国内林窗模型的预测研究应以改进现有模型、构建新模型、耦合多模型作为未来的发展方向。

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穿透雨量是林内有效雨量的主要组成部分 ,其量能占 90 %以上。由于林冠空间分布的不均匀性 ,难以对林内穿透雨量进行精确地测量。从林冠截留降雨的作用机理出发 ,在做出几个假设的基础上 ,用数学方法建立了林内穿透雨量模型 ,即 :当 P0 ,U>0 )当 P≥ U时 ,R=P- W其中 U=W( b+ 1 ) ,式中 b,W,U为模型参数 ,R为林内穿透雨量 ,P为大气降雨量 ,α为林分郁闭度。结合两个有实测资料的针叶树林分 ,又进一步介绍了模型参数的确定方法。同时将模型的计算结果与实测数据进行了对比 ,两者吻合性很好 ,验证效果是比较理想的。模型概念清晰 ,参数物理意义明确。在风速和雨强不太大的情况下 ,本模型适用于任何林分的穿透雨量的计算。然而 ,为了应用于无实测资料地区 ,尚须进一步研究模型参数与林分特征的关系。

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根据长武试区 1 986年~ 1 995年连续 1 0年的统计资料并结合田间试验 ,对黄土旱塬典型农田生态系统——冬小麦农田系统能量的投入产出、流向、流量与转化效率进行了较为系统的研究。结果表明 ,能量平衡中人工辅助能的投入逐渐增加 ,化肥能投入比例逐渐超过有机肥能 ;该区农业已发展到无机—有机复合阶段 ,农业生产中机械化程度有所提高。通过统计分析 ,得出提高无机能的投入比例可提高能量的产投比 ,增加化肥能投入水平则可提高能量的总产出 ,指出应在机械化条件下实行秸秆还田和多途径增加有机肥投入 ,调整能量投入结构 ,提高能量转化效率 ,提高光能利用率