Multi-shot person re-identification via relational stein divergence

Person re-identification is particularly challenging due to significant appearance changes across separate camera views. In order to re-identify people, a representative human signature should effectively handle differences in illumination, pose and camera parameters. While general appearance-based methods are modelled in Euclidean spaces, it has been argued that some applications in image and video analysis are better modelled via non-Euclidean manifold geometry. To this end, recent approaches represent images as covariance matrices, and interpret such matrices as points on Riemannian manifolds. As direct classification on such manifolds can be difficult, in this paper we propose to represent each manifold point as a vector of similarities to class representers, via a recently introduced form of Bregman matrix divergence known as the Stein divergence. This is followed by using a discriminative mapping of similarity vectors for final classification. The use of similarity vectors is in contrast to the traditional approach of embedding manifolds into tangent spaces, which can suffer from representing the manifold structure inaccurately. Comparative evaluations on benchmark ETHZ and iLIDS datasets for the person re-identification task show that the proposed approach obtains better performance than recent techniques such as Histogram Plus Epitome, Partial Least Squares, and Symmetry-Driven Accumulation of Local Features.

Karl Popper's Philosophy of Science - And the Evolution of the Popperian Worlds

This doctoral thesis in theoretical philosophy is a systematic analysis of Karl Popper's philosophy of science and its relation to his theory of three worlds. The general aim is to study Popper's philosophy of science and to show that Popper's theory of three worlds was a restatement of his earlier positions. As a result, a new reading of Popper's philosophy and development is offered and the theory of three worlds is analysed in a new manner. It is suggested that the theory of three worlds is not purely an ontological theory, but has a profound epistemological motivation. In Part One, Popper's epistemology and philosophy of science is analysed. It is claimed that Popper's thinking was bifurcated: he held two profound positions without noticing the tension between them. Popper adopted the position called the theorist around 1930 and focused on the logical structure of scientific theories. In Logik der Forschung (1935), he attempted to build a logic of science on the grounds that scientific theories may be regarded as universal statements which are not verifiable but can be falsified. Later, Popper emphasized another position, called here the processionalist. Popper focused on the study of science as a process and held that a) philosophy of science should study the growth of knowledge and that b) all cognitive processes are constitutive. Moreover, the constitutive idea that we see the world in the searchlight of our theories was combined with the biological insight that knowledge grows by trial and error. In Part Two, the theory of three worlds is analysed systematically. The theory is discussed as a cluster of theories which originate from Popper's attempt to solve some internal problems in his thinking. Popper adhered to realism and wished to reconcile the theorist and the processionalist. He also stressed the real and active nature of the human mind, and the possibility of objective knowledge. Finally, he wished to create a scientific world view.

Talousmetafysiikan kritiikkiä

Jakke Holvas: A Critique of the Metaphysics of Economy The research problem of this dissertation is the commonly held opinion according to which everything has become a question of economy in the present day. Economy legitimates and justifies. In this study, the pattern of thinking and conceptualizing in which economy figures as the ultimate reason is called the metaphysics of economy. The defining characteristic of the metaphysics of economy is its failure to recognize non-economic rules, ethics, or ways of existence. The sources included in the study cover certain classics of philosophy (Plato, Aristotle, Friedrich Nietzsche) and sociology (Karl Marx, Max Weber, Marcel Mauss), as well as the more recent French social theory (Jean Baudrillard, Michel Foucault). The research methods used are textual analysis and evaluation of concepts by means of historical comparison. The background to the study is given by the views of historians and sociologists according to whom traditional forms have ceased to exist and the market economy become established as the western system of values. The study identifies points of transition from the traditional forms to economic values. In addition, the dissertation focuses on the modern non-economic forms. The study examines the economic and ethical meanings of gift in antiquity in Homer, Plato, and Aristotle. Following Marcel Mauss, the study analyzes the forms and principles of gift exchange. The study also applies Nietzsche’s philosophy to evaluate under what conditions giving a gift becomes an act of exercising power that puts its receiver into debt. The conclusion of the study is that the classics of philosophy and sociology can rightly be interpreted in terms of the metaphysics of economy, but they also offer grounds for criticizing this metaphysics, even alternatives. One such alternative is non-economic archaic ethic. The study delineates a duality between economy and non-economy as well as creating concepts which could be used in the future to critically analyze economy from a position external to the economic system of concepts.

Karl Gottschalk and Elisbeth nee Steinfeld with their son Rudolf Gottschalk (later Grahame) and son Fritz Gottschalk (Levy) of Lisbeth's first marriage.

Rudolf Gottschalk (later Grahame) on right; Fritz Gottschalk (Levy) on left

Portrait of Karl Gottschalk.

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Karl Gottschalk and Elisbeth nee Steinfeld with their son Rudolf Gottschalk (later Grahame) and son Fritz Gottschalk (Levy) of Lisbeth's first marriage.

Rudolf Gottschalk (later Grahame) on right; Fritz Gottschalk (Levy) on left

Postcard distributed by M. Molling & Co., Hannover, to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Friedrich Schiller's death.

Addressed to Therese Gottschalk nee Molling, postmarked 25 April 1905 and mailed from Hannover to Hildesheim, most likely while Therese was visiting her Meyerhof grandparents

Portrait of Sassona "Sony" Baron nee Meyerhof.

1994 photo of Sassona (Sony) Meyerhof (1952-) married Baron;

House of Karl Gottschalk on Richard-Wagner-Strasse; Hannover, Germany.

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House of Karl Gottschalk on Richard-Wagner-Strasse; Hannover, Germany.

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Portrait of Walter Godshaw, Charlie Sloan (Karl-Hermann Solomon), and Ida, Kaete Solomon's maid; Hannover, Germany.

From left to right: Walter Gottschalk, Ida, Charlie Sloan (Karl Hermann Solomon); Ida, Kaete Solomon's maid, nursed Charlie back to health after his release from Dachau

Postcard distributed by M. Molling & Co. to commemorate the 100th anniversary of Friedrich Schiller's death; Hannover, Germany. Advertisements

Addressed to Therese Gottschalk nee Molling, postmarked 25 April 1905 and mailed from Hannover to Hildesheim, most likely while Therese was visiting her Meyerhof grandparents

Friedrich Bergammer (Fritz Glueckselig) standing in the doorway of the gallery store M. Glueckselig & Son; 108 East 57th Street, New York Portraits Men

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Portrait of Heinrich Stahl standing at his desk; Berlin Portraits; Men

Signed lower right by photographer Casparius