Percepção da equipe de saúde, discentes e usuários sobre a comunicação com indivíduos surdos na atenção primária

The study aimed to identify in the professionals and students of health courses that work in a health Basic Unit in the city of Natal/RN their perceptions of the care of deaf patients, and with the population's needs with hearing loss in relation to health care. This is a cross-sectional, exploratory, descriptive study, conducted between April to July 2014, with a population composed of 21 health professionals, 17 students and 8 deaf users. For data collection, we used a structured questionnaire with open and closed questions applied to groups composed of health professionals (doctors, dentists, nurses and health workers) and students of medical schools, nursing, physical education, nutrition and social service. The professionals/students answered a semi-structured questionnaire with open and closed questions concerning the possible difficulties the care of the deaf and hearing impaired. Data collection with deaf users was conducted through filmed interview for the Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) could be interpreted as to the Portuguese by the researcher. With the latter it was conducted a survey of their reactions when looking for a care in the health service. Regarding the profile of identification of the subjects, it was analyzed by simple descriptive statistics (absolute and relative frequencies). The open questions were analyzed through the content analysis technique which allowed the categorization process preserving all the points raised in the discussion so that the lines were representative of the whole. When asked about the professionals and students attitude used to communicate with deaf patients possible the following categories emerged: the "writing", the "gestures" and the "third party assistance". With regard of the deaf, when asked about their experiences in seeking care in health, the elucidated categories were: "quality of care to the hearing impaired", "communication with the hearing impaired adequacy" and "dependence on third parties." The closed questions were measured and adapted to the 5 degrees of variation Likert Scale, which comprised three of these issues: degree of difficulty in communication to meet a patient with hearing loss (minimum to great difficulty); feeling of comfort while using sign language (minimum to severe discomfort); and knowledge of the Law 10.436, which provides for the Brazilian Sign Language (Libras) (low knowledge to entirely clear). The data collected with professionals and students revealed some misunderstanding and discomfort in health care for deaf patients, reality also evidenced in the opinion of the deaf participants. This study revealed problems in communication, resulting in negative consequences in serving this population. This diagnosis may be relevant to public policy development and curriculum guidelines essential to the training of health professionals, inclusion and improving assistance to deaf.

Os rumos do fundo público no capitalismo contemporâneo: uma análise sobre o financiamento da Política de saúde no estado do Rio Grande do Norte

This work analizes the financing of Health Policies on the state of Rio Grande Do Norte, starting at the presumption that SUS is “Bombarded” by fiscal ajustments, as a neoliberal strategy to face capital crises.The trafectory of the financing of SUS demands the comprehension of two principles which are, in essence, contradictory: the “principle of universatility”, which is caracterized by the uncompromising defence of the fundaments of the Sanitary Reform, and the “principle of containment of social costs”, articulating the macroeconomic policy that has being developed in Brazil since the 1990s and which substantiantes itself on the 2000s.This last defends the reduction of the social costs, the maintanance of primary surplus and the privatization of public social services. Considering these determinations, the objective of this research constitues in bringing a critical reflection sorrounding the financing of the Health Policies on the state of Rio Grande do Norte, on the period from 2004 to 2012.Starting from a bibliografic and documentary research, it sought out to analyze the budget planning forseen on the Budget Guideline Law (LDO) and on the Multiannual Plans (PPA), investigating the reports of the Court of Auditors of the State of RN and gathering information about expenses with health, available on the System of Information About Public Budgeting in Health (SIOPS).The Analises of the data obtained, in light of the theoretic referece chosen, reveals trends in the public budget setting for health on the State of Rio Grande do Norte, which are: a tiny share of investment expenditure on health, when compared to other expenses, the amount used in daily fees and advertising; the high expense in personnel expenses, especially for hiring medical cooperatives;the strong dependence of the state on revenue transferences from the Union; the aplication of resources in actions of other nature considered as health, in exemple of the expenditures undertaken by the budgeting unit Supplying Center S/A (CEASA) on the function of health and subfunction of prophylactic and therapeutic and on the Popular Pharmacy program. Since 2006, expenses refering to Regime Security Servers (RPPA) on the area of health also have being considered as public actions and services in health for constitutional limit ends, beyond the inconsistencies on the PPAs with the actions performed efectively.

Violência contra mulher: expressões da opressão às mulheres sob a égide do capitalismo e do patriarcado

This dissertation is the result of a research process that sought , from the speech of women in situations of violence , examine the difficulties these women to access the "network " of assistance to women victims of violence in the city of Natal/RN . Therefore , we made a critical analysis from the perspective of totality on the processual ontological " being a woman " and " be a man " , articulating the determinations of the subjective and objective dimensions in the lives of women at this juncture . Thus , also reflecting on the system of oppression of women through Capitalism / Patriarchate , articulated with other determinations of reality , as race / ethnicity , sexual orientation , generation and territoriality . Because of the oppression of women in all aspects of social life , the feminist movement led to the public domain claims against the oppressions of women and fight for Public Social Policies that aim to the particularities of women , among them, the social policies of coping violence against women . The speeches of the women interviewed show the contradictory aspect of work in women's lives . On the one hand , can become a means to financial independence ( with the possibility of exit from violent means). On the other , it can become "cause " of justification for the exercise of violence against women by their partners or former partners . Also show that despite legal advances , there is no effective implementation of policies aimed at women . This occurs as a result of capitalism / patriarchy and the context of neoliberal management of big capital . Thus , the feminist movement , as well as the social movement of the working class , must seek the empowerment of women through the struggle to end all forms of oppression , exploitation and domination among humans.

As múltiplas dimensões da garantia dos direitos do paciente idoso internado: o caso de uma instituição hospitalar pública no município de Natal/RN

In the context of current capitalist society, marked by the logic that restricts the human person their status as workforce, in order to generate profits, old age is often treated as an underprivileged life stage. This reality becomes more intense considering the sharp aging process that affects brazilian society is accompanied by the country's entry into a globalized world and tensioned by the dictates of capital. Thus, despite the increasing development of policies to strengthen the guarantee of elderly rights, it is necessary to establish effective strategies of these measures to ensure a higher quality of life to these subjects. Therefore, it is necessary to develop studies that problematize the issue of the elderly, which represent a growing portion of the population, and hence have more visible demands, including in health. With the increase in the elderly population in Brazil it is possible to realize the country is going through a demographic transition and epidemiological changes that contribute to change the landscape of health care of the elderly, especially the hospitalization. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the multiple aspects of ensuring the rights of elderly patients admitted to the State Hospital Dr. Ruy Pereira dos Santos (HRPS), located in Natal / RN, whose most patients are elderly. Specifically sought to understand the aging process, its social consequences and the vulnerability to which it is exposed, especially during the disease situation; understand the process of construction of the Brazilian public health and their actions for older people; learn the expressions of citizenship formation in Brazil with regard to policies for older people; and investigate the design of health professionals about the guarantee of the right of hospitalized elderly. Starting from an integrated coordinated theoretical and practical possibilities, a qualitative research and literature character, documentary and field was held. For this, there were four semi-structured interviews with health research locus Hospital professionals - namely, two social workers, a doctor and a nurse - as well as life stories with the hospitalized elderly patients, one in each deck the said Hospital, totaling three. The results pointed to the difficulty of health policy become effective as law and stressed one historical scenario violation of the rights of elderly hospitalized patients, which persists due to the precarious situation and the difficulty of effective implementation of the Unified Health System (SUS ) and other public policies to that end.

No fio da meada: um estudo acerca da precarização do trabalho na indústria têxtil

In line with the process of financialization and globalization of capital, which has intensified in all latitudes of the globe, the world of work is permeated by his determinations arising and also has been (re) setting from numerous changes expressed by example, in the unbridled expansion of temporary forms of work activities, and flexible outsourced by the growth of informality, forming a new morphology of work. However, regardless of how these forms are expressed in concrete materiality, there is something that unifies: all of them are marked by exponentiation of insecurity and hence the numerous negative effects on the lives of individuals who need to sell their labor power to survive. Given this premise, the present work is devoted to study, within the framework of the Brazilian particularities of transition between Fordism and Toyotism, what we call composite settings of the conditions and labor relations processed within the North river- textile industry Grande. To this end, guided by historical and dialectical materialism, we made use of social research in its qualitative aspect, using semi-structured interviews, in addition to literature review, information retrieval and use of field notes. From our raids, we note that between the time span stretching from the 1990s to the current year, the Natal textile industry has been undergoing a process of successive and intense changes in their modus operandi, geared specifically to the organization and labor management causing, concomitantly, several repercussions for the entire working class.

No fio da meada: um estudo acerca da precarização do trabalho na indústria têxtil

In line with the process of financialization and globalization of capital, which has intensified in all latitudes of the globe, the world of work is permeated by his determinations arising and also has been (re) setting from numerous changes expressed by example, in the unbridled expansion of temporary forms of work activities, and flexible outsourced by the growth of informality, forming a new morphology of work. However, regardless of how these forms are expressed in concrete materiality, there is something that unifies: all of them are marked by exponentiation of insecurity and hence the numerous negative effects on the lives of individuals who need to sell their labor power to survive. Given this premise, the present work is devoted to study, within the framework of the Brazilian particularities of transition between Fordism and Toyotism, what we call composite settings of the conditions and labor relations processed within the North river- textile industry Grande. To this end, guided by historical and dialectical materialism, we made use of social research in its qualitative aspect, using semi-structured interviews, in addition to literature review, information retrieval and use of field notes. From our raids, we note that between the time span stretching from the 1990s to the current year, the Natal textile industry has been undergoing a process of successive and intense changes in their modus operandi, geared specifically to the organization and labor management causing, concomitantly, several repercussions for the entire working class.

“Escritores da liberdade”: histórias reais de jovens que cumpriram medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto no município do Natal/RN

Such work aims to analyze aspects of the lives of adolescents, authors of Infraction, after completion of the Socio-Educational Measures in Half Open (Probation - LA and Services to the Community - PSC) in the city of Natal / RN in 2010. Thus, it become necessary to point out and consider the socio-historical determinations that permeate the lives of these young men, estimating the economic, social, political and historical aspects. We understand that these individuals experience numerous expressions of Social Issues, such as lack of opportunities, violence, unemployment, among others. In the reduction context of the State actions for the social, and investments negligible in public policies. Thus, the research aimed to identify such determinations in the lives of adolescents, young people today, and aimed to know these adolescents and analyze the family situation, socio-economic and political these, after completion of educational measures; and to evaluate the inclusion in school life and in the labor market. Therefore, we used as a methodological way the qualiquantitative research, using the procedure of 4 (four) semi-structured interviews, 9 (nine) analysis processes by configuring so documentary research, through the analysis of reports, processes and monitoring documents. The universe of analysis went adolescents who fulfilled socio-educational measures in liberty in the city of Natal / RN. The sample consisted of nine (9) young, that we follow during the mandatory curricular training, in the period of graduation in Social Work at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, in 2010. The time frame of the research took place between 2010 - 2014. The results of this study indicate that the solution to problems of violence is not the reduction of criminal majority. It is necessary to take actions in ensuring rights and allow other living conditions to the children and adolescents, because, in fact, in the society there is a tendency to regression of rights. We learn that, despite all the difficulties, as: low education, access to the labor market, low income, among others, young people interviewed understand the Socio-Educational Measures such as a watershed in their lives, because, they do not practice more illicit acts, they seek a better life, they have dreams and plans for the future, and they continue writing their histories.

“Escritores da liberdade”: histórias reais de jovens que cumpriram medidas socioeducativas em meio aberto no município do Natal/RN

Such work aims to analyze aspects of the lives of adolescents, authors of Infraction, after completion of the Socio-Educational Measures in Half Open (Probation - LA and Services to the Community - PSC) in the city of Natal / RN in 2010. Thus, it become necessary to point out and consider the socio-historical determinations that permeate the lives of these young men, estimating the economic, social, political and historical aspects. We understand that these individuals experience numerous expressions of Social Issues, such as lack of opportunities, violence, unemployment, among others. In the reduction context of the State actions for the social, and investments negligible in public policies. Thus, the research aimed to identify such determinations in the lives of adolescents, young people today, and aimed to know these adolescents and analyze the family situation, socio-economic and political these, after completion of educational measures; and to evaluate the inclusion in school life and in the labor market. Therefore, we used as a methodological way the qualiquantitative research, using the procedure of 4 (four) semi-structured interviews, 9 (nine) analysis processes by configuring so documentary research, through the analysis of reports, processes and monitoring documents. The universe of analysis went adolescents who fulfilled socio-educational measures in liberty in the city of Natal / RN. The sample consisted of nine (9) young, that we follow during the mandatory curricular training, in the period of graduation in Social Work at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, in 2010. The time frame of the research took place between 2010 - 2014. The results of this study indicate that the solution to problems of violence is not the reduction of criminal majority. It is necessary to take actions in ensuring rights and allow other living conditions to the children and adolescents, because, in fact, in the society there is a tendency to regression of rights. We learn that, despite all the difficulties, as: low education, access to the labor market, low income, among others, young people interviewed understand the Socio-Educational Measures such as a watershed in their lives, because, they do not practice more illicit acts, they seek a better life, they have dreams and plans for the future, and they continue writing their histories.

Expectativas Associadas ao Cuidar das Gerações Mais Velhas

A sociedade contemporânea é marcada por mudanças paradigmáticas, culturais, sócio-económicos e de valores que comportam transformações no indivíduo e na família. O cuidado informal intergeracional reflecte tais mudanças, tendo-se revelado importante conhecer as expectativas de adultos face à necessidade de cuidar das gerações mais velhas, assim como compreender e analisar as diferenças nas fratrias face às diversas expectativas associadas ao cuidado dos idosos. Este é um tipo de estudo transversal prospectivo de natureza quantitativa, utilizando como documentos de recolha de dados um inquérito por questionário de administração indirecta construído para o efeito. A amostra do estudo é constituída por adultos portugueses em idade activa (25 aos 65 anos), não cuidadores, com pelo menos um dos progenitores vivo. Contou com 186 participantes com uma média de idade de 32 anos, maioritariamente do sexo feminino (88%) e com habilitações literárias ao nível do ensino superior (91%). Os resultados indicam que todos os filhos apontam o amor e ternura como principal motivo expectável para cuidar. Os filhos únicos prevêem uma maior dificuldade a nível económico e ponderam uma maior procura de recursos exteriores, ao contrário dos membros de fratria que tendem a optar por uma estratégia de exclusividade. As rotinas domésticas, as actividades de lazer e a produtividade no trabalho são as principais áreas de vida que os inquiridos conjecturam serem afectadas. Optar por cuidar em família não pode ser penalizador para as famílias. No sentido de antecipar eventuais dificuldades no decurso do seu ciclo de vida, as famílias deverão ser estimuladas a pensar como conciliar a sua vida com a eventual necessidade de prestação de cuidados informais a idosos, devendo o Serviço Social assumir uma postura propositiva face às responsabilidades que as políticas públicas apresentam neste domínio, assim como para a definição e ampliação de programas que respondam efectivamente às necessidades das pessoas dependentes, dos cuidadores e das famílias.

Centros Sociais e Intervenção Comunitária

No actual contexto da sociedade da incerteza, agravado pelas consequências da crise económica e financeira global, assiste-se a um retomar de práticas de âmbito comunitário que comportam um conjunto de desafios à intervenção social e, consequentemente, ao Serviço Social como profissão nuclear da intervenção social. A presente dissertação visa por um lado, compreender, a partir de um estudo de caso centrado nos Centros Sociais Municipais de Santana, as transformações que se têm operado no âmbito da Intervenção Comunitária e por outro, desenvolver uma reflexão não só sobre as relações existentes entre a Intervenção Comunitária e os Centros Sociais, como “novos-velhos” paradigmas institucionais, mas também entre a Intervenção Comunitária e o Serviço Social de Comunidades. Partindo de um enfoque qualitativo, dentro da metodologia da grounded theory, privilegiou-se como técnicas a observação das relações sociais nos Centros Sociais Municipais e as entrevistas compreensivas em profundidade, tanto às técnicas superiores dos Centros Sociais, como à coordenadora. Adoptando uma postura reflexiva, interrogativa e problematizadora constante, percebeu-se que, efectivamente, a Intervenção Comunitária desenvolvida em Santana é, mais concretamente, uma actuação pluralista de âmbito comunitário, a qual resulta do processo de destradicionalização do Serviço Social de Comunidades, aproximando-se da Intervenção em Comunidades. Os Centros Sociais são locus privilegiados da intervenção de âmbito comunitário, na medida em que se têm recontextualizado, respondendo às (pseudo) transformações culturais, institucionais e políticas, legitimando assim uma prática profissional de funções mediadoras, dentro de um eixo normalizador.

Como a Fada Desvalorizada Lida com o Lar

Para compreender a auto-avaliação e avaliação social atribuída ao trabalho da mulher Doméstica, partiu-se da análise e interpretação de 8 Trajetórias Identitárias de Mulheres Domésticas Alentejanas que ao longo da sua vida tenham sido Domésticas a tempo inteiro, ou que de algum modo tenham conciliado ou conciliem a Dupla Tarefa. A Problematização do Trabalho realizado pela Mulher Doméstica considerou teorias de autores como Parsons e Daniel Bertaux, tendo sido a conceptualização do Trabalho Doméstico elaborada tendo por base Virgínia Ferreira;, Gules Lipovetsky e Ana Nunes de Almeida. A partir das narrativas exemplares e seguindo uma metodologia compreensiva qualitativa, através do Método de Escrita como Praxis Analítica, identificaram-se: algumas Lógicas de Acção; vários Territórios Sócio-Identitários; as Reacções sentidas pelas 8 narradoras nas suas Trajetórias e, ainda, as Estratégias adoptadas pelas Mulheres Domésticas Alentejanas na relação com o trabalho doméstico e com a dupla tarefa. Ao concluir a interpretação dos casos percebe-se que, para além da Condição de Doméstica comum entre todas as narradoras, existe ainda a predominância de alteração dos Territórios Sócio-Identitários Laboral, Escolar e Familiar. É clara a consciência destas mulheres quanto à desvalorização do Trabalho Doméstico pela Família e pela Sociedade. Neste sentido, é também negativa a auto-avaliação, das tarefas de diariamente realizam. Daí que seja unânime a vontade de libertação através da Dupla Tarefa, ou seja, a colocação profissional é vista como uma garantia de reconhecimento do seu trabalho e, também, um modo de autonomia económica e identitária.

As redes do sem-abrigo e para o sem-abrigo em Coimbra

O presente estudo aborda a problemática dos sem-abrigo numa perspectiva institucional, pretendendo compreender de que forma é realizada a intervenção sócio-institucional aos sem-abrigo da cidade de Coimbra. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo das instituições de suporte social formal à população sem-abrigo na cidade de Coimbra que pretendeu conhecer não só o funcionamento, o tipo de respostas existentes, os equipamentos e recursos institucionais, como também compreender a organização do trabalho inter-institucional. Os principais instrumentos de recolha de informação foram um Questionário de Caracterização das Instituições e um Questionário de Rede que caracteriza as relações inter-institucionais. Os principais resultados vão de encontro à realidade institucional do país, destacando-se a escassez de respostas a nível da reintegração social do sem-abrigo, a sobreposição de respostas de carácter essencialmente assistencialista e uma desarticulação entre serviços e entidades que contrapõem o processo exequível da intervenção social com esta população-alvo. Concluímos ainda que a cidade de Coimbra reúne os meios para atingir os fins, desde que maximizados os recursos e potenciada a articulação inter-institucional, ainda pouco consistente.

O Teatro e a Prisão

A presente dissertação visa a obtenção do grau de mestre em Serviço Social pelo Instituto Superior Miguel Torga. Intitulado o Teatro e a Prisão, o presente estudo centra-se numa abordagem exploratória da importância do teatro em meio prisional, no qual procurámos compreender e explicar quais os benefícios da actividade teatral para os reclusos que nela participam. Isto para verificarmos se as actividades socioculturais como o teatro, desenvolvidas no Estabelecimento Prisional de Coimbra, podem contribuir para a não-dessocialização dos reclusos. Nesta investigação foi fundamental recorrer à percepção dos actoresreclusos, pelo que realizámos entrevistas a alguns elementos que constituíam o grupo de teatro, que posteriormente foram tratadas através do método de análise de conteúdo. O teatro apresenta-se constituído como pelouro de actuação dos técnicos superiores de reeducação, encontrando-se deste modo já institucionalizado na prisão de Coimbra. Ao analisá-lo, foi possível concluir que este contribui para uma melhoria das relações pelo que poderá simultaneamente contribuir para a diminuição de distúrbios e tumultos que afectam o clima prisional e também para a não-dessocialização dos reclusos, por outro lado podemos encarar o teatro como promotor da autonomia e auto-afirmação do indivíduo. Os próprios actores percepcionaram e valorizaram os aspectos benéficos decorrentes da actividade teatral, dentro dos quais sinalizaram: o contributo para o reformular do seu quotidiano, uma melhoria ao nível da linguagem e das relações interpessoais, mudança no auto-conceito e auto-estima, e possibilidade de diminuição de estigmas através do contacto com pessoas vindas da sociedade exterior. É possível destacar o teatro e a cultura como elemento constitutivo da reeducação social dos reclusos, vertente do tratamento penitenciário que começa a dar os seus passos e que deve ser valorizada e enfatizada, dado que nesta matéria vão havendo experiências mas há ainda um vasto campo a explorar.

A Flecha do Tempo

A dissertação, tem como temática a intervenção social dos Assistentes Sociais em Lares de Idosos e como objecto empírico as práticas de Serviço Social nas IPSS no Concelho de Coimbra. Na sociedade actual a institucionalização para alguns idosos, é a única forma de continuar o seu percurso de vida, quando as limitações físicas ou psicológicas começam a aparecer, muitas vezes próprias do envelhecimento. No entanto, o internamento na instituição implica muitas vezes, uma ruptura com o meio e também um rigoroso reordenamento do seu modo de vida, onde todo o seu conjunto de regras e imposições passam a organizar o seu dia-a-dia. Em termos mais específicos, este trabalho de investigação pretende analisar de que forma os Assistentes Sociais podem ser promotores da interacção entre o idoso institucionalizado e a família. Situámo-nos numa abordagem qualitativa dos fenómenos, privilegiando a importância de um conhecimento compreensivo e interpretativo deste fenómeno social que é o envelhecimento, produzido em relação com os actores concretos nos contextos onde desenvolvem a sua acção. Neste sentido, numa perspectiva compreensiva dos fenómenos sociais, optou-se por imergir na realidade de nove Instituições Particulares de Solidariedade Social (IPSS) no Concelho de Coimbra. Realizamos entrevistas aos Assistentes Sociais, de forma a obter um conhecimento das práticas destes profissionais apreendendo o significado dado pelos sujeitos aos seus próprios contextos.

Riscos de Pobreza na População de Idade Avançada na Vila de Cucujães

Riscos de Pobreza na População de Idade Avançada na Vila de Cucujães