Directional dominance on stature and cognition in diverse human populations

Homozygosity has long been associated with rare, often devastating, Mendelian disorders1, and Darwin was one of the first to recognize that inbreeding reduces evolutionary fitness2. However, the effect of the more distant parental relatedness that is common in modern human populations is less well understood. Genomic data now allow us to investigate the effects of homozygosity on traits of public health importance by observing contiguous homozygous segments (runs of homozygosity), which are inferred to be homozygous along their complete length. Given the low levels of genome-wide homozygosity prevalent in most human populations, information is required on very large numbers of people to provide sufficient power3, 4. Here we use runs of homozygosity to study 16 health-related quantitative traits in 354,224 individuals from 102 cohorts, and find statistically significant associations between summed runs of homozygosity and four complex traits: height, forced expiratory lung volume in one second, general cognitive ability and educational attainment (P < 1 × 10−300, 2.1 × 10−6, 2.5 × 10−10 and 1.8 × 10−10, respectively). In each case, increased homozygosity was associated with decreased trait value, equivalent to the offspring of first cousins being 1.2 cm shorter and having 10 months’ less education. Similar effect sizes were found across four continental groups and populations with different degrees of genome-wide homozygosity, providing evidence that homozygosity, rather than confounding, directly contributes to phenotypic variance. Contrary to earlier reports in substantially smaller samples5, 6, no evidence was seen of an influence of genome-wide homozygosity on blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, or ten other cardio-metabolic traits. Since directional dominance is predicted for traits under directional evolutionary selection7, this study provides evidence that increased stature and cognitive function have been positively selected in human evolution, whereas many important risk factors for late-onset complex diseases may not have been.

The hard work of leisure: Healthy life, activewear and Lorna Jane

Since the 2000s activewear has grown as a fashion category, and the tropes of gym wear – leggings, leotards and block colours – have become fashionable attire for both men and women outside the gym. This article examines the rise of activewear in the context of an on-going dialogue between fashion and sport since the beginning of the twentieth century. Through an analysis of the Australian activewear label, Lorna Jane, we consider the fashionable female body as both the object and subject of a consumer culture that increasingly overlays leisure with fashion. Activewear can be seen as the embodiment of an active and fashionable lifestyle that is achieved through a regime of self-discipline, and that symbolizes the pleasure in attaining and displaying the healthy and fit body.

Inspiration sources for Australian fast fashion design: Tapping into consumer desire

Purpose The research purpose was to identify both the inspiration sources used by fast fashion designers and ways the designers sort information from the sources during the product development process. Design/methodology/approach This is a qualitative study, drawing on semi-structured interviews conducted with the members of the in-house design teams of three Australian fast fashion companies. Findings Australian fast fashion designers rely on a combination of trend data, sales data, product analysis and travel for design development ideas. The designers then use the consensus and embodiment methods to interpret and synthesise information from those inspiration sources. Research limitations/implications The empirical data used in the analysis were limited by interviewing fashion designers within only three Australian companies. Originality/value This research augments knowledge of fast fashion product development, in particular designers’ methods and approaches to product design within a volatile and competitive market.

Orienting to emotion in computer-mediated Cognitive Behavioural Therapy

Exploring emotions is a defining feature of psychotherapy. This study explores how therapists explore emotions when they cannot see or hear their clients. In analysing 1,279 sessions of online text-based Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) we focused on therapists’ commiserations (e.g., “I’m sorry to hear that”) and their affective inferences (e.g., “that sounds very scary for you”). Both practices routinely prefaced moves to pursue a range of therapeutic activities, many of which did not prioritise sustained focus on the emotion that had just been oriented to. By separating message composition from message transmission, the modality used for these therapy sessions enabled therapists to combine orientations to emotion with attempts to shift the focus of discussion. Our analysis finds that although physically co-present and computer-mediated psychotherapy share a common focus on emotional experience, the modality used for therapy can be relevant in the design and use of these orientations. Data are in British English.

Looking-Glass Reflections : Norms in translating Lewis Carroll

This thesis in the field of translation studies focusses on the role of norms in the work of a literary translator. Norms are seen as guidelines for the translator; they also reflect the way the target audience either accepts or rejects the translation. Thus they are of an intersubjective nature. The theoretical background of the study is based on the views on norms of Andrew Chesterman and Gideon Toury. The writer makes use of her own editing and publishing experience, as well as her experience in translating Lewis Carroll, considering these in respect to theoretical views of norms and vice versa. The aim is also to bring to light some of the tacit knowledge related to translating, editing and publishing in Finland. The study has three angles. First, the writer introduces the norms of Finnish literary translation as gathered from her own working experience. The sources from which these norms arise and which affect them are briefly described. Six central translation norms emerge; they are described and exemplified through cases of Carroll translation. Secondly, a small-scale questionnaire study is presented. This was carried out in order to sound the normative views of other translators and to limit the role of subjectivity. The views of the informants largely support the set of norms presented by the writer, although the norms of quotability and harmony between translation and illustration do not arise. Instead, the answers give rise to a seventh, ethical norm, which is labelled the norm of integrity. Thirdly, there is a brief presentation of Lewis Carroll, his Alice books and their translation history in Finland. The retranslation hypothesis and the motives of retranslation are considered in the light of the work of Outi Paloposki and Kaisa Koskinen. The final part of the thesis plunges into actual translation work. It includes one and a half chapters of Through the Looking-Glass (Alicen seikkailut peilintakamaassa) as translated into Finnish by the writer. The translation commentary first discusses a number of recurring and general translation points; the running commentary then analyses 77 individual translation solutions and their justifications. The writer uses introspection as a way of reflecting on her own translation process, its decisive points and the role of norms therein. Keywords: Translation studies, Carroll, norms

The single ring theorem

We study the empirical measure LA of the eigenvalues of nonnormal square matrices of the form A(n) = U(n)T(n)V(n), with U(n), V(n) independent Haar distributed on the unitary group and T(n) diagonal. We show that when the empirical measure of the eigenyalues of T(n) converges, and T(n) satisfies some technical conditions, L(An) converges towards a rotationally invariant measure mu on the complex plane whose support is a single ring. In particular, we provide a complete proof of the Feinberg-Zee single ring theorem [6]. We also consider the case where U(n), V(n) are independently Haar distributed on the orthogonal group.

Counterfactual quantum certificate authorization

We present a multipartite protocol in a counterfactual paradigm. In counterfactual quantum cryptography, secure information is transmitted between two spatially separated parties even when there is no physical travel of particles transferring the information between them. We propose here a tripartite counterfactual quantum protocol for the task of certificate authorization. Here a trusted third party, Alice, authenticates an entity Bob (e.g., a bank) that a client Charlie wishes to securely transact with. The protocol is counterfactual with respect to either Bob or Charlie. We prove its security against a general incoherent attack, where Eve attacks single particles.

El espacio memorial de los/as desaparecidos/as : algunas perspectivas epistemológicas

Resumen: La pregunta que guía este trabajo está referida a la posibilidad de extraer algunas perspectivas epistemológicas de la producción de un espacio memorial. Su tema está relacionado con los modos de reelaboración del trauma social. El tiempo histórico al que se refiere es el de la última dictadura cívico-militar (marzo 1976-diciembre 1983). El recorrido de este aporte tiene tres partes. En la primera, se consideran las nociones de cuerpo y narración; la segunda presenta esbozos de respuestas a la pregunta planteada y la tercera, está referida brevemente a dos mujeres europeas y cristianas: Alice Domon (Francia, 1937- Argentina, 1977) y Elisabeth Käsemann (Alemania, 1947- Argentina 1977). Ambas vivieron en América Latina y pueden ser consideradas verdaderos espacios humanitarios de paz.

Antiguo Oriente: Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Historia del Antiguo Oriente, 2006, n° 4 (número completo)

How old is the Kingdom of Edom? A review of new evidence and recent discussion / Eveline Van Der Steen ; Piotr Bienkowski -- A problem of pedubasts? / Dan´El Kahn -- Le ciel selon l´Hymne Orphique à Ouranos et selon des textes funéraires égyptiens (PT, CT, BD): une brève comparaison préliminaire / Amanda–Alice Marvelia -- An epigraphic reanalysis of Two Stelae from Firs Intermediate Period Dendera in the Cairo Museum / Tracy Musacchio -- Mass production in Mesopotamia / Morris Silver -- Iron Age “negative” pottery: a reassessment / Juan Manuel Tebes -- The Cordage from the 2001- Season of the excavations at Berenike (Egyptian Red Sea Coast): preliminary results / André J. Veldmeijer -- Article review. Carr, David M., Writing of the Tablet of the Heart: origins of scripture and literature / Itamar Singer -- Reseñas bibliográficas -- Política editorial

O processo legislativo, o orçamento público e a Casa Legislativa

Reúne artigos sobre o processo legislativo e seus impactos na democracia, sobre o orçamento e políticas públicas e sobre assuntos pertinentes à Casa Legislativa, abrangendo os aspectos da gestão estratégica, da informação legislativa e da participação da Câmara dos Deputados em ações de sustentabilidade, tendo como foco o programa de coleta seletiva.

A remuneração variável como instrumento de gestão no Tribunal de Contas da União - TCU

Descreve e analisa o processo de implantação da remuneração variável no Tribunal de Contas da União (TCU). Os resultados da pesquisa indicam que o modelo de remuneração variável adotado pelo Tribunal cumpre os pré-requisitos para a sua implementação, ou seja, o planejamento estratégico e um programa estruturado de avaliação de desempenho. Entretanto, a adoção do sistema de remuneração variável no setor público é envolto em controvérsias e perpassa uma mudança cultural no serviço público brasileiro.

A transparência na gestão pública da Câmara dos Deputados sob a égide da legislação brasileira

Aborda o conceito de transparência como princípio implícito da Administração Pública brasileira e a postura adotada por diversos organismos internacionais em relação ao tema. Apresenta a evolução da transparência à luz da legislação brasileira, desde a Lei nº 4.320, de 17 de março de 1964, até a Lei Complementar nº 131, de 27 de maio de 2009, e as recentes leis de diretrizes orçamentárias. A partir de pesquisas bibliográficas e dos ditames legais sobre o Princípio da Transparência, traça-se um parâmetro comparativo entre os portais de cinco órgãos do Governo Federal: Câmara dos Deputados, Senado Federal, Tribunal de Contas da União, Supremo Tribunal Federal e Presidência da República, nos quais se verifica o cumprimento ou não da publicação das informações exigidas pela legislação. Com base nos resultados obtidos nesse comparativo, apresentam-se críticas e sugestões para melhoria das informações divulgadas, com o objetivo de fomentar a compreensão dos dados ofertados pelos cidadãos.

Os papéis de liderança no contexto do assessoramento parlamentar

Aborda a questão da liderança na esfera do serviço público, especificamente no âmbito de uma realidade encontrada no Poder Legislativo, que são os serviços de assessoramento institucional aos parlamentares. O objeto da pesquisa realizada foi a Consultoria Legislativa da Câmara dos Deputados, onde foram estudadas a percepção dos Coordenadores e seus substitutos quanto à importância de competências e papeis de liderança, de acordo com o modelo proposto por Robert E. Quinn. A partir da análise dos dados coletados, verificou-se uma tendência para a valorização do desenvolvimento dos recursos humanos, da descentralização na gestão e do papel de Mentor.