Assessment of cataract surgical outcomes in settings where follow-up is poor:PRECOG, a multicentre observational study

Background: Poor follow-up after cataract surgery in developing countries makes assessment of operative quality uncertain. We aimed to assess two strategies to measure visual outcome: recording the visual acuity of all patients 3 or fewer days postoperatively (early postoperative assessment), and recording that of only those patients who returned for the final follow-up examination after 40 or more days without additional prompting. Methods: Each of 40 centres in ten countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America recruited 40-120 consecutive surgical cataract patients. Operative-eye best-corrected visual acuity and uncorrected visual acuity were recorded before surgery, 3 or fewer days postoperatively, and 40 or more days postoperatively. Clinics logged whether each patient had returned for the final follow-up examination without additional prompting, had to be actively encouraged to return, or had to be examined at home. Visual outcome for each centre was defined as the proportion of patients with uncorrected visual acuity of 6/18 or better minus the proportion with uncorrected visual acuity of 6/60 or worse, and was calculated for each participating hospital with results from the early assessment of all patients and the late assessment of only those returning unprompted, with results from the final follow-up assessment for all patients used as the standard. Findings: Of 3708 participants, 3441 (93%) had final follow-up vision data recorded 40 or more days after surgery, 1831 of whom (51% of the 3581 total participants for whom mode of follow-up was recorded) had returned to the clinic without additional prompting. Visual outcome by hospital from early postoperative and final follow-up assessment for all patients were highly correlated (Spearman's r_s=0·74, p<0·0001). Visual outcome from final follow-up assessment for all patients and for only those who returned without additional prompting were also highly correlated (r_s=0·86, p<0·0001), even for the 17 hospitals with unprompted return rates of less than 50% (r_s=0·71, p=0·002). When we divided hospitals into top 25%, middle 50%, and bottom 25% by visual outcome, classification based on final follow-up assessment for all patients was the same as that based on early postoperative assessment for 27 (68%) of 40 centres, and the same as that based on data from patients who returned without additional prompting in 31 (84%) of 37 centres. Use of glasses to optimise vision at the time of the early and late examinations did not further improve the correlations. Interpretation: Early vision assessment for all patients and follow-up assessment only for patients who return to the clinic without prompting are valid measures of operative quality in settings where follow-up is poor. Funding: ORBIS International, Fred Hollows Foundation, Helen Keller International, International Association for the Prevention of Blindness Latin American Office, Aravind Eye Care System. © 2013 Congdon et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY.

Schizophrenia risk from complex variation of complement component 4

Schizophrenia is a heritable brain illness with unknown pathogenic mechanisms. Schizophrenia's strongest genetic association at a population level involves variation in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus, but the genes and molecular mechanisms accounting for this have been challenging to identify. Here we show that this association arises in part from many structurally diverse alleles of the complement component 4 (C4) genes. We found that these alleles generated widely varying levels of C4A and C4B expression in the brain, with each common C4 allele associating with schizophrenia in proportion to its tendency to generate greater expression of C4A. Human C4 protein localized to neuronal synapses, dendrites, axons, and cell bodies. In mice, C4 mediated synapse elimination during postnatal development. These results implicate excessive complement activity in the development of schizophrenia and may help explain the reduced numbers of synapses in the brains of individuals with schizophrenia.

Atractividade dos territórios rurais - contributos de uma orientação estratégica de marketing

Na sua maioria, os estudos tradicionais diferenciam os territórios considerando exclusivamente as suas características endógenas, sem proceder à análise das expectativas dos seus públicos e, muitas das vezes, sem levar em conta possíveis interacções com outros territórios, confrontando-se as suas forças com um processo de mera oferta dos recursos territoriais. Defende-se, nesta comunicação, a necessidade de criar uma visão integrada que permita o incremento da atractividade das ofertas territoriais, maximize a satisfação dos públicos-alvo e contribua para a construção e consolidação do posicionamento desejado,numa óptica de marketing territorial.Não obstante, o desenvolvimento local só será efectivo com a participação de todos os agentes de forma a criar e a viabilizar um produto aumentado, que sistematize e integre as potencialidades e debilidades diagnosticadas, que torne exequível a definição de um posicionamento, e que maximize as expectativas dos utilizadores e dinamizadores do território rural.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT STORAGE CONDITIONS ON NUTRITIONAL AND QUALITY PARAMETERS OF 'SWEETHEART' CHERRY.

Abstract The sweet cherry ‘Sweetheart’, although having a short shelf life, is highly appreciated by consumers due to its organoleptic characteristics. Different storage methods were tested to study the maintenance of quality during a period of 27 days: 1) cold (air at 1°C and 95% relative humidity) (CC), 2) cold and polypropylene film bags (1°C and 95% relative humidity) (MA) and 3) cold and controlled atmosphere (1°C, 95% RH, 10% CO2 and 8% O2) (CA). Quality parameters tested included external colour (L*, a*, b*), total soluble solids (TSS), and titratable acidity (TA). To evaluate nutritional quality anthocyanins, total antioxidant activity, and total phenolics were measured. Results allow us to say that phenolic compounds were relatively stable and similar during storage in CC and MA. Cherries stored under CA conditions presented lowest concentrations of phenolic compounds. Phenolic compounds, total anthocyanins and antioxidant activity were inversely correlated with values of colour coordinates. Considering all the evaluations done during this work it is unquestionable that fruits stored in controlled atmosphere conditions had significantly different quality.

Estudio de factibilidad para la creación de una empresa dedicada al servicio de Información para el área de entretenimiento a través de operadora de telefonía celular en la ciudad de Quito.

El trabajo de investigación que se presenta a continuación, es la exposición de los conocimientos adquiridos tras cinco años de estudios en la carrera de Ingeniería Comercial. La investigación propone un estudio de factibilidad para la creación de una empresa dedicada al servicio de información para el área de entretenimiento a través de operadora de telefonía celular en la ciudad de Quito. La empresa “ALGR INTEGRATED COMMUNICATIONS E.U.R.L”, será reconocida en el mercado por su nombre comercial denominado “E-LINE”, “Entretenimiento en Línea”, lo que permitirá su reconocimiento y posicionamiento de la marca. A través de esta investigación el trabajo se presenta en IV capítulos: el estudio de mercado, estudio técnico, la empresa y organización, estudio financiero y las conclusiones y recomendaciones, capítulos que conforman la estructura básica de evaluación de proyectos de inversión. El capítulo I comprende el estudio de mercado, en el cual se procederá a analizar el comportamiento del mercado mediante la determinación de la oferta y demanda histórica, actual y proyectada a fin de identificar la demanda insatisfecha, estableciendo estrategias de comercialización y precio.

Elaboración de la revista testimonial : La mujer ecuatoriana

El documento consiste en una recopilación de los testimonios de seis mujeres ecuatorianas, con el objetivo de exponer situaciones que se viven a diario y son parte de nuestro entorno. Los testimonios relatados tienen su propia esencia, las historias son diferentes pero todas representan una lucha diaria frente a la vida.

Levantamiento de una base de datos para el diagnóstico de fallas en motores de combustión interna ciclo Otto con sistema MPFI mediante el análisis del sensor MAP

En el presente documento se presenta el desarrollo de la creación de una base de datos para el diagnóstico de fallas en los motores de combustión interna MPFI mediante el análisis del sensor MAP (Manifold Absolute Pressure), a través del cual se puede determinar y diagnosticar fallas en sensores, actuadores y sistemas auxiliares.

QUALITY OF 'SWEETHEART' CHERRY UNDER DIFFERENT STORAGE CONDITIONS

Abstract: In Portalegre, Portugal, sweet cherry production is very important to the region’s economic sustainability. The sweet cherry ‘Sweetheart’ has exhibited short shelf life in spite of being highly appreciated by consumers due to its organoleptic characteristics. In this trial, we evaluated fruit quality of ‘Sweetheart’ stored under different storage conditions: 1) cold conditions (1ºC and high humidity 95%), 2) cold conditions and polypropylene film bags (MA), and 3) controlled atmosphere (CA) (1°C, 95% humidity, 10% CO2 and 8% O2). Fruit physical and chemical parameters were evaluated after 0, 6, 13, 20 and 27 days of cold storage. Quality parameters tested included weight loss, external colour (L* a* b*), visual assessment of the epidermis, epidermis and mesocarp penetration test, soluble solids content (SSC), and titratable acidity (TA). We also performed sensory analyses. The results for textural properties, colour coordinates and sensory analysis suggest that ‘Sweetheart’ fruit can be stored under cold conditions, 1°C, 95% humidity, for up to 21 days without significant loss of quality. Controlled atmosphere maintained tissue turgidity during storage; however, this was not noticed by the panelists, who consistently classified fruits stored under CA conditions with lower overall ratings than fruits under cold conditions with or without film bags.

Effect of storage on physical-chemical properties and phenolics of sweet cherry from São Julião region.

Effect of storage on physical-chemical properties and phenolics of sweet cherry from São Julião region. A.C. Agulheiro-Santos1, F. Vieira1, D. Gonzalez2, M. Lozano2, V. Palma1, A.E. Rato1 1Universidade de Évora. Instituto de Ciências Agrárias e Ambientais Mediterrânica (ICAAM). 7000 Évora, Portugal. 2Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura (CICYTEX). Ctra. San Vicente. Finca Santa Engracia. 06071 Badajoz, Spain. Worldwide the consumption of fruit and vegetables is increasing due to the dietary guidelines recommended by nutritionist. Because of their high content on phenols, vitamins, mineral and antioxidants, berry fruits are consumed not only in fresh forms but also as processed and derivative products such as juices, yogurts, jellies and dried fruits. As a high consumed red fruit, sweet cherry has been the focus on some studies, mainly regarding bioactive compounds content. “Sweetheart” cherries from São Julião region (Alentejo, Portugal) from two different production campaigns were kept in different storage conditions in order to evaluate both the environmental and storage effect on some physical-chemical properties and phenolics. Cold conditions - Cold (1 ºC, 95% RH) and modified atmosphere - MA (1 ºC, 95% RH with micro-perforated bags of Pplus®, Sidlaw Packaging, Bristol, UK) were tested. In order to establish the appropriate storage conditions, individual phenolic acids and physical-chemical properties were analysed during two consecutive years. Results show a general decrease on phenolic compounds content between cherries from both years. It is also observed that MA conditions do not affect significantly both phenolics and physical-chemical parameters when compared with Cold conditions. Additionally, it is observed similar behaviour on Cold and MA sweet cherries regarding its pH, total soluble solids content (TSS), titratable acidity (TA) and colour and individual phenols during storage time. Concluding, these results show, as expected, changes between cultivars which may be correlated with the environmental conditions on different years. Keywords: sweet cherry, postharvest, phenols, physical-chemical, storage conditions.

Curso colectivo: Protagonistas de la narrativa mexicana contemporánea II

Coordina: Gonzalo Celorio

Reflexão crítica sobre o ensino de inglês e espanhol, línguas estrangeiras, e sobre o processo de formação profissional

No presente relatório, elaborado no âmbito da unidade curricular de Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, do 2º ano do Mestrado em Ensino de Línguas no 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e no Ensino Secundário, reflito não só criticamente sobre o ensino de Inglês e de Espanhol, línguas estrangeiras, mas também sobre o meu processo de formação profissional, mais especificamente sobre as diferenças entre as Práticas Pedagógicas Supervisionadas de ambas as especialidades, decorridas na Escola E.B. 2 e 3 Dr. António de Sousa Agostinho, em Almancil, e sobre os aspetos que contribuíram ou limitaram o meu desenvolvimento pessoal e profissional. Tendo por base os paradigmas metodológicos do Ensino Comunicativo da Língua e do Ensino da Língua Baseado em Tarefas, ao longo deste trabalho alterno, frequentemente, sobretudo durante o segundo capítulo, entre as fundamentações teóricas sobre o ensino-aprendizagem das línguas estrangeiras e as reflexões críticas sobre a minha Prática Pedagógica Supervisionada. Além disso, não deixo também de ilustrar, sempre que possível, diversas atividades e tarefas finais levadas a cabo em ambas as especialidades, a fim de demonstrar o modo como implementei as estratégias e os princípios teóricos mencionadas na revisão da literatura para a eficaz aprendizagem das línguas estrangeiras e para o desenvolvimento da competência comunicativa dos aprendentes aquando da programação das sequências de aprendizagem lecionadas.

Genetic conectivity patterns in Holothuria Mammata considering different spatial scales

Dissertação de Mestrado, Biologia Marinha, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Um olhar e uma reflexão sobre o ensino-aprendizagem das línguas: contributo para uma aprendizagem significativa do português e do espanhol

No âmbito das Práticas Pedagógicas Supervisionadas1 de Português e Espanhol pensei e desenhei sequências de aprendizagem cujo objetivo central era que estas resultassem num ensino-aprendizagem significativo da língua, para que a minha própria aprendizagem enquanto futura professora de línguas fosse, também ela, significativa. Deste modo, o presente relatório científico é composto por dois volumes: um primeiro que inclui a fundamentação teórico-metodológica basilar para as decisões tomadas durante as PPS, e um segundo, composto exclusivamente por anexos que representam todo o trabalho prático envolvido na preparação das mesmas. Como na base do Português e do Espanhol, línguas foco do meu estudo, estão orientações teórico-metodológicas diferentes, este primeiro volume divide-se em três grandes partes: (1) O Professor de Línguas, (2) O ensino-aprendizagem do Português e (3) O ensino-aprendizagem do Espanhol.

O paradigma comunicativo e a presença da metodologia por projeto/tarefa no ensino-aprendizagem do português e do espanhol

Dissertação de mestrado, Ensino de Línguas no 3º Ciclo do Ensino Básico e Ensino Secundário (Ensino de Português e Espanhol), Faculdade de Ciências Humanas e Sociais, Universidade do Algarve, 2015

Molecular bases of classic galactosemia : searching for new therapeutic strategies

Tese de doutoramento, Farmácia (Biologia Celular e Molecular), Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2014