Medieval realms 1066-1500.

Describe las ideas sobre la monarquía, la sociedad y la cultura medievales y, también, la vida cotidiana de los habitantes de las islas británicas entre 1066 y 1500. Cumple con los requisitos del curriculo nacional inglés en cuanto a la utilización de una rica variedad de fuentes británicas y europeas, que permiten el desarrollo en los alumnos de capacidades para el análisis y para formar sus propios juicios históricos.

Medieval minds : Britain 1066-1500.

Explora las principales características del pasado medieval de Gran Bretaña a través de un enfoque social, político y espiritual. Cada sección se estructura como una investigación sobre un tema de importancia histórica, para que cada estudiante pueda seleccionar, ordenar y clasificar la información y aprender a relacionar las cuestiones clave. Su contenido se adapta al curriculum nacional inglés.

Medieval minds. Teacher's book : Britain 1066-1500.

Es un instrumento de apoyo para el profesor basado en el libro del alumno, que le ayuda a planificar su estudio. Utiliza preguntas de carácter muy general, para dar a los estudiantes una visión de conjunto y al mismo tiempo en profundidad de los acontecimientos históricos; pero también le sirve para aclarar conceptos mediante la utilización de palabras clave que los definan.

Changing minds. Britain 1500-1750.

Ayuda a los alumnos a comprender la mentalidad de las personas que vivieron en Gran Bretaña entre 1500 y 1750, a través de su contexto social, político y espiritual. Cada sección se estructura como una investigación sobre un tema de importancia histórica, para que cada estudiante pueda seleccionar, ordenar y clasificar la información y aprender a relacionar las cuestiones clave. Su contenido se adapta al curriculum nacional inglés.

Changing minds. Teacher's book : Britain 1500-1750.

Es un instrumento de apoyo para el profesor basado en el libro del alumno, pues le ayuda a planificar su estudio. Utiliza preguntas de carácter muy general, para dar a los estudiantes una visión de conjunto y al mismo tiempo en profundidad de los acontecimientos históricos; pero también le sirve para aclarar conceptos mediante la utilización de palabras clave que los definan.

Revolutionary times, 1500-1750.

Se agrupa en tres grandes temas divididos a su vez en capítulos ó lecciones, cada uno de ellos con sus propios objetivos. Estos objetivos son una combinación, por una parte, de la adquisición de conocimientos y contenidos que deben estudiar los alumnos y por otra, la adquisición de unas ideas históricas muy claras que también deben utilizar y desarrollar en diversas actividades. Esta orientado a la etapa 3 (Key stage 3) de secundaria del curriculo nacional inglés y se edita en dos versiones, ésta es la básica (foundation) y se diferencia de la otra en tener un texto más reducido. Se acompaña de un recurso para el profesor con material de apoyo para trabajar con los alumnos.

Revolutionary times, 1500-1750.

Se agrupa en tres grandes temas divididos a su vez en capítulos ó lecciones, cada uno de ellos con sus propios objetivos. Estos objetivos son una combinación, por una parte, de la adquisición de conocimientos y contenidos que deben estudiar los alumnos y por otra, la adquisición de unas ideas históricas muy claras que también deben utilizar y desarrollar en diversas actividades. Esta orientado a la etapa 3 (Key stage 3) de secundaria del curriculo nacional inglés y se edita en dos versiones, ésta es la principal (core) y se diferencia de la otra en tener mayor cantidad de texto. Se acompaña de un recurso para el profesor con material de apoyo para trabajar con los alumnos.

Revolutionary times, 1500-1750 : teaching and learning file.

Material didáctico formado por unas notas detalladas que contienen orientación y asesoramiento para que el profesor utilice las hojas de trabajo que les siguen. Estas hojas de trabajo establecen cuáles son los objetivos y los resultados del aprendizaje que han de cumplir los alumnos, y para ello, se incluyen de varios tipos. Unas, pueden utilizarse para tareas de apoyo referidas al libro del alumno y, otras, son para actividades autónomas ó genéricas. Este recurso contiene también las hojas de trabajo para los libros del alumno editados en dos versiones: básica (foundation) y principal (core).

Crown, parliament and people, 1500-1750.

Se adapta al plan de estudios inglés de historia para la etapa 3 (key stage 3) de secundaria y al Programme of Study. Los ejercicios se refieren al contenido del texto y las fuentes históricas amplían el conocimiento de los hechos, promueven su comprensión y ayudan a desarrollar las habilidades exigidas en el curriculum.

The making of the UK : Britain, 1500-1750.

Pertenece al Schools History Project creado en 1972 para mejorar el estudio de la historia entre estudiantes de 13 a 16 años. Reconsidera las formas en que la historia contribuye a las necesidades educativas de los jóvenes, y por ello idea nuevos objetivos, nuevos criterios para la planificación y desarrollo del curso, así como otros materiales de apoyo. Requiere nuevos criterios de evaluación y, por tanto nuevos exámenes y adquirió mayor expansión con la introducción del General Certificate of Secondary Education (GCSE) en 1987.

Criminality and legitimization in seawaters: a study on the pirates of Malabar during the age of european commercial expansion (1500-1800)

The maritime piracy included a wide variety of associated criminal activities including attack and confiscation of vessels and merchandise, imprisonment or torturing of merchants and rulers in sea-space in return for ransom money, attack and raiding of coastal trading centers and villages, creation of fear and terror in chief channels of navigation and attacking commercial competitors as a strategy to weaken the trading ability and the wealth-mobilizing ability of their rivals. All this applied to coastal south west India during the period under study. The merchant chiefs of Cannanore like Mamale Marakkar and later under Poca Amame (Pokar Ahamad) and Pocarallee (Pokar Ali) were some of the better known protagonists that the Portuguese had to deal with. But the Malabar corsairs had their corresponding English and Sicilian corsairs in the Mediterranean.

Water management in Minoan Crete, Greece: the two cisterns of one Middle Bronze Age settlement

The two earliest structures of Minoan Crete that may be considered as large cisterns were both built in the first half of the second millennium BC (the time of the first Minoan palaces) at Myrtos-Pyrgos (lerapetra). A considerable feat of engineering and social management, they remain a most unusual attribute of a Minoan settlement, all the more so since the Myrtos river is/was available to supply water at the foot of the hill of Pyrgos. This paper presents these cisterns, briefly, in terms of geology and technology, the history of their use and re-use, and their relevance to understanding the culture and society (at local and regional levels) of Crete in the time of the Old Palaces, as well as their possible contribution to the political and military history of the period. I then review possible precursors of, and architectural parallels to, the Pyrgos cisterns at Knossos, Malia and Phaistos (none of which has been proved to be a cistern), and the later history of cisterns in Bronze Age Crete. Since only three others are known (at Archanes, Zakro and Tylissos, of Late Bronze Age date), the two cisterns of Myrtos-Pyrgos are an important addition to our still rudimentary knowledge of how the Bronze Age Cretans managed their water supplies.

Magnitude of climate variability during middle Pliocene warmth: a palaeoclimate modelling study

The nature and magnitude of climatic variability during the period of middle Pliocene warmth (ca 3.29–2.97 Ma) is poorly understood. We present a suite of palaeoclimate modelling experiments incorporating an advanced atmospheric general circulation model (GCM), coupled to a Q-flux ocean model for 3.29, 3.12 and 2.97 Ma BP. Astronomical solutions for the periods in question were derived from the Berger and Loutre BL2 astronomical solution. Boundary conditions, excluding sea surface temperatures (SSTs) which were predicted by the slab-ocean model, were provided from the USGS PRISM2 2°×2° digital data set. The model results indicate that little annual variation (0.5°C) in SSTs, relative to a ‘control’ experiment, occurred during the middle Pliocene in response to the altered orbital configurations. Annual surface air temperatures also displayed little variation. Seasonally, surface air temperatures displayed a trend of cooler temperatures during December, January and February, and warmer temperatures during June, July and August. This pattern is consistent with altered seasonality resulting from the prescribed orbital configurations. Precipitation changes follow the seasonal trend observed for surface air temperature. Compared to present-day, surface wind strength and wind stress over the North Atlantic, North Pacific and Southern Ocean remained greater in each of the Pliocene experiments. This suggests that wind-driven gyral circulation may have been consistently greater during the middle Pliocene. The trend of climatic variability predicted by the GCM for the middle Pliocene accords with geological data. However, it is unclear if the model correctly simulates the magnitude of the variation. This uncertainty is derived from, (a) the relative insensitivity of the GCM to perturbation in the imposed boundary conditions, (b) a lack of detailed time series data concerning changes to terrestrial ice cover and greenhouse gas concentrations for the middle Pliocene and (c) difficulties in representing the effects of ‘climatic history’ in snap-shot GCM experiments.

Potential for clean yam minisett production by resource-poor farmers in the middle-belt of Nigeria

Yarn minisett technique (YMT) has been promoted throughout West Africa since the 1980s as a sustainable means of producing clean yarn planting material, but adoption of the technique is Often reported as being patchy at best. While there has been much research Oil the factors that influence adoption of the technique, there have been no attempts to assess its economic viability under 'farmer-managed' as distinct from 'on station' conditions. The present paper describes the results of farmer-managed trials employing the YMT (white yarn: Dioscorea rotundata) at two villages in Igalaland, Kogi State, Nigeria. One of the villages (Edeke) is on the banks of the River Niger and represents it specialist yarn environment, whereas the other village (Ekwuloko) is inland, where farmers employ a more general cropping system. Four farmers were selected in each of the two villages and asked to plant a trial comprising two varieties of yam, their popular local variety its well its another variety grown in other parts of Igalaland, and to treat yarn setts (80-100 g) with either woodash or insecticide/nematicide + fungicide mix (chemical treatment). Results suggest that while chemical sett treatment increased yield and hence gross margin compared with woodash, if household labour is costed then YMT is not economically viable. However, the specialist yarn growers of Edeke were far more positive about the use of YMT as they tended to keep the yarn seed tubers for planting rather than sell them. Thus, great care needs to be taken with planning adoption surveys on the assumption that all farmers should adopt a technology.

The effects of a pre-movement delay on the kinematics of prehension in middle childhood

The present study examined the effects of a pre-movement delay on the kinematics of prehension in middle childhood. Twenty-five children between the ages of 5 and 11 years made visually open-loop reaches to two different sized objects at two different distances along the midline. Reaches took place either (i) immediately, or (ii) 2 s after the occlusion of the stimulus. In all age groups, reaches following the pre-movement delay were characterised by longer movement durations, lower peak velocities, larger peak grip apertures and longer time spent in the final slow phase of the movement. This pattern of results suggests that the representations that control the transport and grasp component are affected similarly by delay, and is consistent with the results previously reported for adults. Such representations therefore appear to develop before the age of 5. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.