Polyimides from 3,3 '-dioxo-[1,1 ']-spirodiphthalan-5,5 ',6,6 '-tetracarboxylic dianhydride

A novel dianhydride, 3,3'-dioxo-[1,1']-spirodiphthalan-5,5',6,6'-tetracarboxlic dianhydride, was synthesized and used as a monomer to prepare polyimides with several diamines via a conventional two-stage procedure. The intermediate poly(amic-acid)s had inherent viscosities of 0.84-1.71 dL/g and could be thermally converted into lightly yellow, transparent, flexible and tough films. Films cast from chemically imidized polyimides were transparent and colorless. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) were > 400 degrees C, and the 5% weight-loss temperatures were > 420 degrees C in N-2 and in air. The solubilities of these polyimides in various solvents were evaluated. The mechanical properties of some polyimides were also tested. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

A novel laser light-scattering study of enzymatic biodegradation of poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanoparticles

A successful micronization of water-insoluble poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) into narrowly distributed nanoparticles stable in water has not only enabled us to study the enzymatic biodegradation of PCL in water at 25 degrees C by a combination of static and dynamic laser light scattering (LLS), but also to shorten the biodegradation time by a factor of more than 10(3) compared with using a thin PCL film, i.e. a 1 week conventional experiment becomes a 4 min one. The time-average scattering intensity decreased linearly. It was interesting to find that the decrease of the scattering intensity was not accompanied by a decrease of the average size of the PCL nanoparticles, indicating that the enzyme, Lipase Pseudomonas (PS), ''eats'' the PCL nanoparticles one-by-one, so that the biodegradation rate is determined mainly by the: enzyme concentration. Moreover, we found that using anionic sodium lauryl sulphate instead of cationic hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide as surfactant in the micronization can prevent the biodegradation, suggesting that the biodegradation involves two essential steps: the adsorption of slightly negatively charged Lipase PS onto the PCL nanoparticles and the interaction between Lipase PS and PCL. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

3-苯基-1-丁炔-3-醇质谱碎裂中[C_8H_7]~+的结构及分子内质子迁移反应

报道了3-苯基-1-丁炔-3-醇的常规电子轰击质谱(EIMS).利用碰撞诱导解离(CID)技术研究了质谱碎裂过程中产生的[C_8H_7]~+的气相离子结构.同时,氘代同位素交换、亚稳(MI)和CID实验进一步证实了m/z103离子的形成并不是分子离子的质谱碎裂中顺次失去甲基自由基和中性CO分子的直接氢迁移的协同反应,而是在失去CO分子前后发生了二次质子迁移反应的逐步过程.在此基础上提出了一种独特的双分子质子键合复合物中间体的碎裂机理.

Mossbauer spectra of Fe-57 in a thick film of YBa2(Cu0.97Fe0.03)(3)O7-x irradiated by a large dose of gamma-rays

Mossbauer spectra of Fe-57 in a thick film YBa2(Cu0.97Fe0.03)(3)O7-x irradiated by a large dose of gamma-rays from Co-60 have been measured. The variation of the relative intensities of some subspectra of Fe-57 in the. Mossbauer spectra of the thick film YBa2(Cu0.97Fe0.03)(3)O7-x after irradiation can be observed. This variation indicates that the change of the coordination environment around some Fe atoms in the lattice occurs due to irradiation. The relative intensity of subspectrum D1(Fe) at the Cu(1) site decreases and that of subspectrum D4(Fe) at the Cu(1) site increases. This may be because of the possible oxygen atom hopping between the coordination environments of D1(Fe) and D4(Fe) in the lattice caused by irradiation. The effect of irradiation on the coordination environment around the Fe atom at the Cu(2) site is not appreciable. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science B.V.

Study of ion solvation and ion association in polymer gel electrolyte with polyethylene oxide-co-polypropylene oxide as a plasticizer

Using a molal conductance method, ion solvation and ion association in polytriethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PTREGD)-LiClO4 gel electrolytes with amorphous ethylene oxide-co-propylene oxide (EO-co-PO, <(M)over bar (n)>, = 1750) as the plasticizer were investigated. It was found that the fraction of solute existing as single ions (alpha(i)) and ion pairs (alpha(p)) decreases, while that of triple ions (alpha(t)) increases linearly with increasing salt concentration. The dependence of these fractions on molecular weight of plasticizer was also examined. It was shown that alpha(i) and alpha(t) increase and alpha(p) decreases with increasing molecular weight. The result of temperature dependence of these fractions was very interesting: when the temperature is lower than 55 degrees C, alpha(i) increases while alpha(p) and alpha(t) decrease with increasing temperature; however, when the temperature is higher than 55 degrees C, the reverse is true.

Study on the modified electrode of conducting polymers .3. Electron spin resonance characteristic of polypyrrole film electrode doped with heteropolyanions

The ESR of PPy films doped with Co (W2O7)(6)(10-) and CuW12O406- ions were reported and discussed. Results show that heteropolyanions not only play the role of neutralizing electricity in the PPy film, but also interact with the PPy molecular chain to form some adducts. The adducts affect the electronic structure of the PPy film and are unstable at more positive or more negative potentials. Dysonian ESR lineshape was recorded for the dry PPy film with CuW12O406- for the first time.

3,4－聚异成二烯的合成及所得聚合物结构与性能表征

近二十多年来，在异成二烯的络合催化聚合中，由Ni、Co、Ti及稀土等过渡金属元素络合物组成的催化体系，研究报道得很多，有些已投入工业生产。但由最常见的过渡金属元素铁络合物组成的催化体系，对异成二烯聚的聚合却不多见。本工作研究了三乙酰基丙酮铁为主催化剂，烷基铝为助催化剂，添加含氮类给电子试剂组成三元体系，对异成二烯聚合的催化作用。Fe(a cac)_3 - Al(i-Bu)_3二元体系不能引起异成二烯聚合，而加入少量的含氮类给电子试剂如邻菲啰啉、α,α'－联吡啶等，催化活性显著提高。聚合活性与含氮类给电子试剂的性质有关，并随着下列顺序依次递减：邻菲啰啉、α,α'－联吡啶、对苯二胺、邻苯二胺，对硝基苯胺、邻硝基苯胺；吡啶和已二胺对催化活性的提高几乎没有贡献。烷基铝的不同对催化活性也有明显的影响。其活性顺序为：Al(i-Bu)_3 approx Al Eτ_3 > Al(i-Bu)_2H。首次合成了结晶的3,4－聚异成二烯，3,4－链节含量为70％左右时，Tm为121 ℃左右， Tc为65 ℃左右，透射电镜下观察到结晶的3,4－聚异成二烯具有球晶状结构。初步研究了铁系三元催化体系的反应机理，设想铁化合物和烷基铝生成的烷基铁必须与含氮类给电子试剂作用才能形成活性中心；可见光谱和催化活性实验数据证实了含氮类给电子试剂参与活性中心的形成，并起着稳定活性中心的作用。本文详细地研究了Fe(a cac)_3 - phen - Al(i-Bu)_3催化体系对异成二烯的聚合，考察了起始单体浓度、聚合温度，催化剂总用量以及催化剂各组分配比对聚合速率、聚合物的特性粘数和链节结构的影响，从实验结果讨论了Fe(a cac)_3 - phen - Al(i-Bu)_3体系催化异成二烯的聚合机理，并进行了一些动力学的基本计算，得到了与实验结果基本相符的结果，解释了一些实验现象。铁系聚异成二烯橡胶的表征工作未见诸文献，本工作对铁系聚异成二烯生胶的结晶、力学、流变及阻尼性能作了较系统的研究，并对硫化胶的物理机械性能，弹性及阻尼性能作了初步的表征。铁系聚异成二烯橡胶在室温具有较好的阻尼性能，并且生热值和冲击弹性均较低，可作为室温阻尼材料使用。

MICROSTRUCTURE ANALYSIS OF 3 SEGMENTED COPOLYMERS CONTAINING POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE BY SOLID-STATE HIGH-RESOLUTION NMR

The microstructure of two bicomponent and one tricomponent segmented copolymers, based on polydimethylsiloxane, poly(p-hydroxystyrene) or/and polysulfone, were investigated using an extended Goldman-Shen pulse sequence, proton spin-spin relaxation measurements, and C-13 and Si-29 NMR spectra. The results indicate that there exist four phases with different sizes, components and morphological structure in the segmented copolymers studied in this work, i. e., a rigid-chain phase of very slow motion, a rigid-chain-rich phase of slow motion, a flexible-chain-rich phase of fast motion and a flexible-chain phase of faster motion. The sizes of different domains, calculated from the spin diffusion rates, are about 50-100 angstrom for the flexible-chain-rich phase of fast motion and 200-300 angstrom for the flexible-chain phase of faster motion. The relative quantities of polydimethylsiloxane in the flexible-chain phase of fast motion are slightly different in different kinds of segmented copolymers.

STRUCTURE OF 1,3-PROPANEDIAMMONIUM TETRACHLOROCOBALTATE(II)

[CoCl4(C3H12N2)], M(r) = 276.87, monoclinic, P2(1)/n, a = 10.703 (2), b = 10.653 (1), c = 10.852 (2) angstrom, beta = 118.46 (1)-degrees, V = 1087.8 angstrom 3, Z = 4, D(x) = 1.69 g cm-3, lambda(Mo K-alpha) = 0.71073 angstrom, mu = 22.60 cm-1, F(000) = 556, T = 298 K, final R = 0.059 for 1068 unique reflections [I > 3-sigma(I)]. The Co(II) ion is coordinated by four Cl atoms in a tetrahedral geometry. The paraffinic chains which bridge the tetrahedra have a nearly planar zigzag configuration.

CDNA cloning and mRNA expression of the lipopolysaccharide- and beta-1,3-glucan-binding protein gene from scallop Chlamys farreri

Lipopolysaccharide and beta-1,3-glucan-binding protein (LGBP) play a crucial role in the innate immune response of invertebrates as a pattern recognition protein (PRP). The scallop LGBP gene was obtained from Chlamys farreri challenged by Vibrio anguillarum by randomly sequencing cDNA clones from a whole body cDNA library, and by fully sequencing a clone with homology to known LGBP genes. The scallop LGBP consisted of 1876 nucleotides with a canonical polyadenylation signal sequence AATAAA and a poly(A) tail, encoding a polypeptide of 440 amino acids with the estimated molecular mass of 47.16 kDa and a predicted isoelectric point of 5.095. The deduced amino acid sequence showed a high similarity to that of invertebrate recognition proteins from blue shrimp, black tiger shrimp, mosquito, freshwater crayfish, earthworms, and sea urchins, with conserved features including a potential polysaccharide-binding motif, a glucanase motif, and N-glycosylation sites. The temporal expression of LGBP genes in healthy and V. anguillarum-challenged C farreri scallop, measured by real-time semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR), showed that expression was up-regulated initially, followed by recovery as the stimulation cleared. Results indicated that scallop LGBP was a constitutive and inducible acute-phase protein that could play a critical role in scallop-pathogen interaction. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Haematopoietic lineage cell-specific protein 1 (HS1) promotes actin-related protein (Arp) 2/3 complex-mediated actin polymerization

HS1 (haematopoietic lineage cell-specific gene protein 1), a prominent substrate of intracellular protein tyrosine kinases in haematopoietic cells, is implicated in the immune response to extracellular stimuli and in cell differentiation induced by cytokines. Although HS1 contains a 37-amino acid tandem repeat motif and a C-terminal Src homology 3 domain and is closely related to the cortical-actin-associated protein cortactin, it lacks the fourth repeat that has been shown to be essential for cortactin binding to filamentous actin (F-actin). In this study, we examined the possible role of HS1 in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that HS1 co-localizes in the cytoplasm of cells with actin-related protein (Arp) 2/3 complex, the primary component of the cellular machinery responsible for de novo actin assembly. Furthermore, recombinant HS1 binds directly to Arp2/3 complex with an equilibrium dissociation constant (K-d) of 880 nM. Although HS1 is a modest F-actin-binding protein with a Kd of 400 nM, it increases the rate of the actin assembly mediated by Arp2/3 complex, and promotes the formation of branched actin filaments induced by Arp2/3 complex and a constitutively activated peptide of N-WASP (neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein). Our data suggest that HS1, like cortactin, plays an important role in the modulation of actin assembly.

青藏高原3种秦艽组植物微量元素比较分析

利用全谱直读等离子体发射光谱法（ICP—AES）测定了3种秦艽组植物10种微量元素（Cu，Zn，Fe，Mn，Ni，Co，Sn，V，Al，Ti）的含量，并进行了比较分析。结果表明，所测定元素在3个不同物种内的含量排列顺序基本一致，显示了三者在元素富集方面的相似性。就同一种元素在3个物种内的富集水平而言，以麻花艽根部具有较高含量的元素Cu，Zn，Co，Al和Ti，管花秦艽根部则大量富集了其余5种微量元素，达乌里秦艽对元素的吸收积累能力居中，揭示了不同物种对同一元素富集能力的差异。该研究可为秦艽类植物资源的深入开发利用提供参考。

重庆城口地区早前寒武系黑色岩系研究：（3）巴山组硅质岩中PGE异常的地球化学研究

以猪草河剖面和羊儿坝剖面为例，进行硅质岩的PGE与微量元素等地球化学分析，结果表明：槽区硅质岩中的PGE异常受控于硅质岩中火山物质（蚀变成粘土矿物）的多少，PGE与Se、Rb、Cs、Ti、Cr、Zr等具有良好的相关性；猪草河剖面远离陆源区，沉积厚度大，更靠近火山活动区域，接受火山粗碎屑物质的量多；羊儿坝剖面远离火山活动中心，主要接受了火山灰等细碎屑物质，更接近陆源区，受一定量的陆源碎屑物质影响。根据Cr／Co、Nb／Ta、Pd／Ir-Ni／Cu及Ni／Pd-Cu／h对岩浆性质的约束，当时岩浆性质为基性玄武岩。根据La-Y-Nb图解和Th-Hf-Ta图解的进一步约束，表明当时的火山岩浆性质为钙碱性的火山弧玄武岩。

Cestería en esparto Cerinza (Boyacá) : 3 Etapa : producción.

32 hojas.

Across the prairie in a motor caravan; a 3,000 mile tour by two Englishwomen on behalf of religious education,

http://www.archive.org/details/acrosstheprairie00haseuoft