1000 resultados para Oryza officinalis complex
Resumo:
较系统地比较研究了超高产杂交稻两优培九培矮64S 93-11和华安3号X07S 紫恢100与多年来大规模推广种植的杂交稻品种汕优63珍汕97A 明恢63的光合生理特性结果表明 1 从苗期到抽穗期超高产杂交稻两优培九和华安3号的净光合速率Pn都比汕优63高而在苗期的午间强光条件下和分蘖期的早晨以及抽穗期的早晚相对弱光条件下其Pn的差别尤为显著说明超高产杂交稻两优培九和华安3号不仅有较高的Pn和较强的抗光抑制能力而且还能充分利用早晨和傍晚较弱的光照条件有效地进行光合作用 2 超高产杂交稻剑叶具有较高的光合色素含量和Chla/b比值同时也具有较高的水分利用效率WUE较高的Chla/b比值表明超高产杂交稻剑叶能够更有效地利用太阳能而较高的WUE则有利于后期节约稻田用水 3 两优培九和华安3号类囊体膜的77K荧光光谱在不同发育时期均高于对照汕优63对其进行Gaussan分析发现这两个超高产杂交稻的反应中心以及天线复合物的发射峰均优于汕优63表明超高产杂交稻具有更强光能吸收能力并且能够将所吸收的光能高效地应用于光合电子传递 4 超高产杂交稻在苗期和分蘖期的净光合速率Pn都明显高于对照可以为群体的扩大后期的生长发育和高产奠定坚实的物质基础 5 三个杂交稻品种抽穗期剑叶的净光合速率相差不大但两优培九和华安3号具有较汕优63高得多的表观量子效率和羧化效率即超高产杂交稻能够高效地利用光能和田间二氧化碳首次提出对光能和二氧化碳的高效利用是两优培九和华安3号高产地重要原因 在对杂交稻净光合速率日变化的研究中发现超高产杂交稻两优培九和华安3号在午间强光条件下具有较对照汕优63更高的净光合速率表明超高产杂交稻具有更强的抗光抑制能力为了研究其光保护机理进一步研究了杂交稻对光抑制的响应结果表明 1超高产杂交稻两优培九和华安3号较对照品种汕优63具有更强的抗光抑制及光保护能力同时在光抑制结束后又能够更迅速地恢复光合功能较强的抗光抑制能力和较高的恢复能力可能是其高产的重要生理原因之一 2光抑制过程中超高产杂交稻叶黄素循环玉米黄素积累速率和积累量都明显高于对照并且在其后的恢复过程中其恢复速率和恢复程度也明显高于汕优63发现叶黄素循环的脱环化作用在光抑制处理30min时即基本接近最大值并未随着光抑制的进一步加重而不断上升认为叶黄素循环在杂交稻光保护中的重要作用可能在于玉米黄素的快速积累对光保护作用的启动 3在对自然条件下光抑制的研究中发现汕优63比超高产杂交稻两优培九和华安3号更容易受到午间光抑制的伤害 4午间光抑制条件下叶黄素循环的玉米黄素Z和环氧玉米黄素A大量积累而叶黄素循环库则没有什么变化认为是叶黄素循环脱环化组分A和Z的积累而不是叶黄素循环库对水稻在中午强光条件下的光保护起重要作用 5在所研究水稻品种的午间光抑制实验中叶绿素荧光的非光化学猝灭系数和叶黄素循环的脱环化状态DES之间没有正比例关系进一步推论环式电子传递可能在杂交稻的光保护中起重要作用 6对用不同试剂处理的杂交稻叶片进行光抑制处理研究发现ASAVDE酶底物其含量可以有效地调节活性处理对杂交稻的抗光抑制能力并没有带来多大改善而DTTVDE酶的特异抑制剂处理也没有使其光抑制大大加重而用DBMIB环式电子传递抑制剂处理则使杂交稻受到比对照强得多的光抑制对qN解析的结果发现强光下qE并未上升反而下降而qT却在光抑制条件下表现出上升现象这些实验结果首次阐明叶黄素循环的热耗散在杂交稻的光保护中不起关键作用而环式电子传递则对于杂交稻的光保护起至关重要的作用其机理可能在于强光条件下环式磷酸化的加剧生成大量ATP用于光破坏的修复作用同时避免类囊体膜的过度酸化从而导致强光下qN的下降这也是光抑制条件下qE下降和qT上升的原因所在此外在研究中发现光抑制处理导致Chla/b比值的上升并且提出这种上升的原因可能在于强光条件下光合系统对LHCII需求减少从而导致对Chlb需求减少最终使得部分Chlb向Chla转化这种转化可能是杂交稻在光抑制条件下的一种保护性响应 7对超高产杂交稻华安3号冠层不同衰老程度叶片的光合功能比较研究的结果表明剑叶的光合功能最强第二叶次之第三叶具有一定的光合功能第四和第五叶则相当衰老基本上丧失光合能力而光合机构的衰老可能始于反应中心的衰老天线系统的衰老要迟于反应中心的衰老叶片衰老进程中Chla和Chlb同步降解但是Chlb先还原为Chla导致Chla/b比值的上升并且认为衰老过程中的这种Chlb的还原是Chlb降解的一个早期的和不可避免的步骤
Resumo:
为了挖掘和利用野生资源抗旱和高光效的有益基因性状,本研究针对野生种的抗旱生理性状、光合作用和抗旱关系进行了测定,同时利用野生稻和栽培稻远缘杂交获得不同光合特点的后代材料进行了胁迫反应试验,并以栽培稻(陆稻和水稻)为材料研究了抗旱反应中根系的激素信号变化。旨在明确水分胁迫条件下,水稻不同野生种对干旱反应的差异及其机理,以及进一步鉴定有效的抗旱指标,为今后育种和生产实践提供理论依据和指导。主要结果如下: 1.通过对具有不同抗旱性状的四个野生种O.Granulata、O.Alta、O,Officinalis、O.Latifolia水分胁迫处理的抗旱相关生理性状的变化特点的研究表明:(1)在胁迫早期,野生种间黎明前叶片水势没有明显的差别,随着胁迫加剧,种间差异显示明显。耐旱性弱的野生种(O.Granulata、O.Latifolia)黎明前叶片水势和中午水势下降幅度大于耐旱性强的野生种( O.Alta、O.Officinalis)。这表明在一定的干旱处理程度下,黎明前叶片水势和中午水势可以反映出不同种间植株忍受干旱胁迫的能力。(2)四个野生种的植株在轻微胁迫时,膜稳定性呈现出增强的趋势,这可能与干旱胁迫的适应性相关。随着胁迫时间的延长,胁迫程度的加重,叶片膜稳定性破坏,植株叶片渗漏率增加。(3)在胁迫条件下,不同野生种表现出茎杆中糖分增加,叶片的光合酶和光合速率下降,且抗旱性弱的品种这种变化比抗旱性强的品种更加明显。这可能是由于干旱处理降低了同化物的运转和淀粉合成,导致了糖分积累。(4)在水分胁迫条件下,植株中的ABA浓度增加而IAA浓度下降,其中ABA的浓度增加与种间的抗旱性相关。抗旱性差(O.Granulata、O.Latifolia)的野生种叶片ABA浓度增加幅度高于抗旱性强的野生种(O.Alta、O.Officinalis)。Officinalis和Alta在水分胁迫下,仍比Granulata 和Latifolia具有较高的分蘖,这可能与其在胁迫下具有较高GA3浓度有关。 2.通过对20个野生种叶片膜电解质泄漏率的比较,研究其叶片细胞膜稳定性的特点表明,46℃的温度,水浴时间24小时是较适宜的条件。在适宜的处理条件下,Longistaminata、Punctata渗漏率较低,表明其具有良好的膜稳定性:O. Officinalis、O.Glumaepatula、O.Glaberrima,O.Latifolia、Meridionalis、Rufipogon (105697)、100889、Nivara (80683)、Sativa( IR-36)电解质泄漏率居中在60-80%;O.Alta、Rampur6、Azucena、Rufipogon (105599)、Bartlic、Rufipogon(104640)、105429、Minuta (101099)、HP4的渗漏值均较高,表明其膜稳定性较差,尤其是Minuta。此外,叶片光合速率和叶片膜稳定性的关系并不完全一致,在育种时应选择光合速率较高而叶片膜稳定性好的品种,O.Longistaminata因其具有较高的光合速率和较好的膜稳定性,是一个值得关注的材料。 3.研究了栽培稻(Oryza sativa)和普通野生稻(Oryza rufipogon)的杂种后代F3,即:Azucena×Rampur6杂交得到的Fi植株(25007-10),通过自交得到其F3代植株,在水分胁迫下不同光合速率类型植株以及相关的抗旱生理特点。结果表明, (1)光合速率高的株系黎明前叶片水势下降较大,而中午叶片水势下降却较小:光合速率低的株系黎明前叶片水势下降幅度较小,而中午叶片水势下降幅度却较大,这表明水分胁迫下,植株中午叶片水势与植株的光合速率密切相关。(2)在轻微水分胁迫下(缓慢干旱0-40天),所有株系经受抗旱锻炼的植株,其叶片渗漏率均下降,膜稳定性增强;随着胁迫时间延长(胁迫后40-80天)其叶片泄漏值上升,这可能是由于:水分胁迫下通过植株的渗透调节能力,使得叶片中累积的有机溶质增加:且干旱胁迫使得叶片的质膜破坏,电解质外渗,相对电导率提高。 (3)水分胁迫下,从不同光合速率类型的植株,其光合速率的变化看:高光合速率类型的植株,在水分胁迫下光合速率的下降幅度,要大于光合速率较低类型的植株。在水分胁迫下,SHPl-2株系后代比SHPl-1株系具有较强的抗旱性,能维持较高的光合速率。 (4)在水分胁迫下,不同光合速率的株系,其气孔阻抗均增加:低光合速率的株系,气孔阻抗上升幅度大于高光合速率类型的株系,并且其气孔阻抗上升的时间要早于高光合速率的株系。 4.研究了两个陆稻品种Azucena、IRAT104和两个水稻品种IR64、Salumpikit,在干旱胁迫下根系木质部汁液中内源激素的变化。(1)干旱复水后不同时间进程中,各品种木质部汁液内源激素的变化看,IRAT104和Salumpikit木质部汁液中ABA含量迅速降低,其下降幅度较大。说明ABA作为胁迫信号,通过木质部汁液传递干旱信息;在干旱胁迫解除后,ABA的浓度亦发生相应的变化。(2)在对根系施加不同压力后,测定其木质部汁液内源激素变化,结果表明:在不同的根系压力下,不同品种间(IR64、Salumpikit、IRAT104和Azucena) 木质部汁液中GA3含量变化较大,其中两个陆稻品种IRAT104和Azucena均较高,两个水稻品种IR64和Salumpikit均较低。这表明,在不同的压力下,陆稻品种(Azucena和IRAT104)比水稻品种(IR64和Salumpikit)具有较高的GA3含量;在胁迫条件下,维持较高的GA3含量,这有利于其维持正常的生长发育。(3)在干旱胁迫及复水过程中,根据木质部汁液中ABA和GA3含量变化的结果表明,虽然Azucena和IRAT104均属于陆稻品种,但二者的抗旱性不同。(4)水稻品种木质部汁液的pH值高于陆稻品种。木质部汁液中pH在干旱胁迫下升高,复水后又降低,其可作为干旱胁迫的一个信号,它与木质部汁液中ABA联合调节植株对干旱的生理生化反应。 上述结果表明,叶片水势与水分胁迫密切相关,可作为植株抗旱性的鉴定指标;抗旱性强的品种,叶片水势下降幅度小,有利于维持较高的水势,保证植株生长发育的需要。严重干旱使得所有品种的质膜稳定性降低,电解质外渗,相对电导率提高;抗旱性强的品种的质膜伤害程度小,电导率上升幅度小,表明其质膜稳定性好,对干旱的忍耐能力强。质膜稳定性的变化实际上反映了品种的耐旱性,所以是一种综合而又比较准确的抗旱鉴定指标。对于酶和激素的测定方法,由于操作比较烦琐,且数据分析和产量比较复杂等原因,不太适合于常规的大田选育工作中。水稻的抗旱性是多种生理生化变化综合作用的结果,因此进行水稻抗旱性鉴定时,不能使用单一的生理生化指标,而应对多个指标进行综合分析,依据综合值对水稻品种的抗旱性进行评价较为科学。
Resumo:
3D Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS) of autoignition in turbulent non-premixed flows between fuel and hotter air have been carried out using both 1-step and complex chemistry consisting of a 22 species n-heptane mechanism to investigate spontaneous ignition timing and location. The simple chemistry results showed that the previous findings from 2D DNS that ignition occurred at the most reactive mixture fraction (ξMR) and at small values of the conditional scalar dissipation rate (N|ξMR) are valid also for 3D turbulent mixing fields. Performing the same simulation many times with different realizations of the initial velocity field resulted in a very narrow statistical distribution of ignition delay time, consistent with a previous conjecture that the first appearance of ignition is correlated with the low-N content of the conditional probability density function of N. The simulations with complex chemistry for conditions outside the Negative Temperature Coefficient (NTC) regime show behaviour similar to the single-step chemistry simulations. However, in the NTC regime, the most reactive mixture fraction is very rich and ignition seems to occur at high values of scalar dissipation. Copyright © 2006 by ASME.
Resumo:
Major histocompatibility complex genes are thought to be involved in allogeneic graft rejection but not many reports are available on their functional analysis in fish. Analysis of available sequences of MHC genes suggests functions in antigen presentation similar to those found in higher vertebrates. In mammals, the MHC class I and class II molecules are major determinants of allogeneic graft rejection due to their polymorphism in conjunction with their antigen presenting function. In fish, MHC class H molecules are found to be involved in rejection of allogeneic scale grafts. The present study was designed to investigate the involvement of MHC class I molecules in allograft rejection. Erythrocytes were collected from donors of rainbow trout expressed different class MHC class I alleles, stained with two dyes, mixed and grafted to the recipients that were of the same sibling group as the donors. The grafts were rejected by allogeneic recipients and the MHC class I linkage group was the major determinant for the rejection.
Resumo:
Over recent years we have developed and published research aimed at producing a meshing, geometry editing and simulation system capable of handling large scale, real world applications and implemented in an end-to-end parallel, scalable manner. The particular focus of this paper is the extension of this meshing system to include conjugate meshes for multi-physics simulations. Two contrasting applications are presented: export of a body-conformal mesh to drive a commercial, third-party simulation system; and direct use of the cut-Cartesian octree mesh with a single, integrated, close-coupled multi-physics simulation system. Copyright © 2010 by W.N.Dawes.
Resumo:
Previous in vivo study demonstrated that beta gamma-CAT, a newly identified non-lens beta gamma-crystallin and trefoil factor complex from frog Bombina maxima skin secretions, possessed potent lethal toxicity on mammals resulted from hypotension and cardi
Resumo:
In vertebrates, non-lens beta gamma-crystallins are widely expressed in various tissues but their functions are unknown. The molecular mechanisms of trefoil factors, initiators of mucosal healing and being greatly involved in tumorigenesis, have remained
Resumo:
In vertebrates, non-lens beta gamma-crystallins are widely expressed in various tissues, but their functions are unknown. The molecular mechanisms of trefoil factors, initiators of mucosal healing and being greatly involved in tumorigenesis, have remained
Resumo:
Successful product development, especially in motorsport, increasingly depends not just on the ability to simulate aero-thermal behavior of complex geometrical configurations, but also the ability to automate these simulations within a workflow and perform as many simulations as possible within constrained time frames. The core of these aero-thermal simulations - and usually the main bottleneck - is generating the computational mesh. This paper describes recent work aimed at developing a mesh generator which can reliably produce meshes for geometries of essentially arbitrary complexity in an automated manner and fast enough to keep up with the pace of an engineering development program. Our goal is to be able to script the mesh generation within an automated workflow - and forget it. © 2011 SAE International.